24 research outputs found

    Togo

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    This chapter presents French as it is spoken in Togo. Taking the form of a survey, we first attempt to situate the French language within the Togolese sociolinguistic space. We recall the endogenous (indigenous)-exogenous characterization of the various languages, their geographical spread, and social distribution. We highlight the fact that the French language is an exogenous language; and that it is placed within a rich linguistic ecology. Consequently, functionally, it participates in a multidimensional multilingual arrangement. In this arrangement, two major endogenous languages, Ewe and Kabiye, due to the rather turbulent linguistic history of the country, play major stratal vehicular roles. This has influences not only on the language ideology and policies of the country but also on the linguistic features of the most ubiquitous exogenous language, French. The linguistic influences are observable on all levels of linguistic analysis, with a seeming ongoing process of nativization. The suggestion then is that this should be the right time for full-scale projects to document the grammar of this nativized variety

    African Linguistics in Central and Eastern Europe, and in the Nordic Countries

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    Language endangerment and language documentation in Africa

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    Forms of Address in Kabiye : A Shift to Borrowing Terms of Address among Younger Speakers in Togo

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    Zur Überlebensfähigkeit des Kabiye in Togo

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    In Togo, speakers of Kabiye have been in contact with the speak¬ers of Ewe for several decades due to migration. As a result of this language contact, many members of the Kabiye speech community have become bilingual in Kabiye and Ewe. There have been a number of claims that Kabiye “est une langue en péril” (Aritiba 1993: 11). These claims have been based mainly on the observation of Kabiye speakers in Lomé and other major cities, where younger speakers seem to be losing their mother tongue to the benefit of Ewe. However, the extent of the loss of Kabiye is not well known because no extensive sociolinguistic study has been carried out among Kabiye speakers in these areas, and more specifically, in major Kabiye-speaking areas. The current study which has been carried out in Kara, the major Kabiye-speaking city and Awidina, a Kabiye village of the prefecture of Kara, fills the gap. The paper examines Kabiye speakers’ reports of patterns of language use in these areas of the Kabiye community.Seit einigen Jahrzehnten leben Kabiye-sprachige Migranten in Togo in Kontakt mit der Ewe-sprachigen Bevölkerung. Im Ergebnis dieses Sprachkontakts sind viele Angehörige der Kabiye-Sprachgemeinde bilingual und kombinieren Kabiye und Ewe. Kabiye wird inzwischen vielfach als sterbende Sprache angesehen. Diese Einschätzungen beruhen aber vor allem auf der Beobachtung von Kabiye-Sprachigen in Lomé und anderen großen Städten, wo die jungen Leute nach und nach ihre Muttersprache zugunsten von Ewe aufgeben. Dennoch ist über das Ausmaß des Verschwindens von Kabiye wenig bekannt, denn bislang gibt es keine extensive Studie unter Kabiye-Sprachigen in diesen Gebieten, insbesondere aber auch keine für Regionen, in denen Kabiye die wichtigste Sprache darstellt. Die vorliegende Studie, die in Kara, der wichtigsten Kabiye-sprachigen Stadt, und in Awidina, einem Kabiye-Dorf in der Präfektur Kara, durchgeführt wurde, will diese Lücke schließen. Der Autor analysiert Ergebnisse von Befragungen unter Kabiye-Sprachigen dieser Regionen zu ihrem Sprechverhalten

    The Vitality of Kabiye in Togo

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    In Togo, speakers of Kabiye have been in contact with the speak¬ers of Ewe for several decades due to migration. As a result of this language contact, many members of the Kabiye speech community have become bilingual in Kabiye and Ewe. There have been a number of claims that Kabiye .est une langue en péril. (Aritiba 1993: 11). These claims have been based mainly on the observation of Kabiye speakers in Lomé and other major cities, where younger speakers seem to be losing their mother tongue to the benefit of Ewe. However, the extent of the loss of Kabiye is not well known because no extensive sociolinguistic study has been carried out among Kabiye speakers in these areas, and more specifically, in major Kabiye-speaking areas. The current study which has been carried out in Kara, the major Kabiye-speaking city and Awidina, a Kabiye village of the prefecture of Kara, fills the gap. The paper examines Kabiye speakers. reports of patterns of language use in these areas of the Kabiye community.Language; Kabiye; Bilingualism

    The vitality of Kabiye in Togo

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    In Togo, speakers of Kabiye have been in contact with the speak¬ers of Ewe for several decades due to migration. As a result of this language contact, many members of the Kabiye speech community have become bilingual in Kabiye and Ewe. There have been a number of claims that Kabiye "est une langue en péril" (Aritiba 1993: 11). These claims have been based mainly on the observation of Kabiye speakers in Lomé and other major cities, where younger speakers seem to be losing their mother tongue to the benefit of Ewe. However, the extent of the loss of Kabiye is not well known because no extensive sociolinguistic study has been carried out among Kabiye speakers in these areas, and more specifically, in major Kabiye-speaking areas. The current study which has been carried out in Kara, the major Kabiye-speaking city and Awidina, a Kabiye village of the prefecture of Kara, fills the gap. The paper examines Kabiye speakers’ reports of patterns of language use in these areas of the Kabiye community.Seit einigen Jahrzehnten leben Kabiye-sprachige Migranten in Togo in Kontakt mit der Ewe-sprachigen Bevölkerung. Im Ergebnis dieses Sprachkontakts sind viele Angehörige der Kabiye-Sprachgemeinde bilingual und kombinieren Kabiye und Ewe. Kabiye wird inzwischen vielfach als sterbende Sprache angesehen. Diese Einschätzungen beruhen aber vor allem auf der Beobachtung von Kabiye-Sprachigen in Lomé und anderen großen Städten, wo die jungen Leute nach und nach ihre Muttersprache zugunsten von Ewe aufgeben. Dennoch ist über das Ausmaß des Verschwindens von Kabiye wenig bekannt, denn bislang gibt es keine extensive Studie unter Kabiye-Sprachigen in diesen Gebieten, insbesondere aber auch keine für Regionen, in denen Kabiye die wichtigste Sprache darstellt. Die vorliegende Studie, die in Kara, der wichtigsten Kabiye-sprachigen Stadt, und in Awidina, einem Kabiye-Dorf in der Präfektur Kara, durchgeführt wurde, will diese Lücke schließen. Der Autor analysiert Ergebnisse von Befragungen unter Kabiye-Sprachigen dieser Regionen zu ihrem Sprechverhalten

    Zur Überlebensfähigkeit des Kabiye in Togo

    No full text
    In Togo, speakers of Kabiye have been in contact with the speak¬ers of Ewe for several decades due to migration. As a result of this language contact, many members of the Kabiye speech community have become bilingual in Kabiye and Ewe. There have been a number of claims that Kabiye “est une langue en péril” (Aritiba 1993: 11). These claims have been based mainly on the observation of Kabiye speakers in Lomé and other major cities, where younger speakers seem to be losing their mother tongue to the benefit of Ewe. However, the extent of the loss of Kabiye is not well known because no extensive sociolinguistic study has been carried out among Kabiye speakers in these areas, and more specifically, in major Kabiye-speaking areas. The current study which has been carried out in Kara, the major Kabiye-speaking city and Awidina, a Kabiye village of the prefecture of Kara, fills the gap. The paper examines Kabiye speakers’ reports of patterns of language use in these areas of the Kabiye community.Seit einigen Jahrzehnten leben Kabiye-sprachige Migranten in Togo in Kontakt mit der Ewe-sprachigen Bevölkerung. Im Ergebnis dieses Sprachkontakts sind viele Angehörige der Kabiye-Sprachgemeinde bilingual und kombinieren Kabiye und Ewe. Kabiye wird inzwischen vielfach als sterbende Sprache angesehen. Diese Einschätzungen beruhen aber vor allem auf der Beobachtung von Kabiye-Sprachigen in Lomé und anderen großen Städten, wo die jungen Leute nach und nach ihre Muttersprache zugunsten von Ewe aufgeben. Dennoch ist über das Ausmaß des Verschwindens von Kabiye wenig bekannt, denn bislang gibt es keine extensive Studie unter Kabiye-Sprachigen in diesen Gebieten, insbesondere aber auch keine für Regionen, in denen Kabiye die wichtigste Sprache darstellt. Die vorliegende Studie, die in Kara, der wichtigsten Kabiye-sprachigen Stadt, und in Awidina, einem Kabiye-Dorf in der Präfektur Kara, durchgeführt wurde, will diese Lücke schließen. Der Autor analysiert Ergebnisse von Befragungen unter Kabiye-Sprachigen dieser Regionen zu ihrem Sprechverhalten

    Forms of Address in Kabiye : A Shift to Borrowing Terms of Address among Younger Speakers in Togo

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    Profil épidémiologique de la broncholite aiguë au CHU-Campus de Lomé

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    Introduction. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’épidémiologie et d’analyser les facteurs de risque de la bronchiolite du nourrisson CHU-Campus de Lomé. Méthodologie. Il s’est agi d’une étude prospective sur 12 mois portant sur les nourrissons ayant consulté pour bronchiolite au CHU-Campus. Ont été inclus dans le travail les nourrissons âgés de 1 à 30 mois. Les paramètres étudiés ont été : les antécédents personnels, familiaux et le cadre de vie du nourrisson. Résultat : Les nourrissons inférieurs à 6 mois (41,67%) et de sexe masculin (65,28%) étaient les plus concernés. Les antécédents étaient dominés par la rhinite (27,77%), Conclusion : La fréquence de la bronchiolite reste élevée. Les jeunes nourrissons de sexe masculin sont les plus concernés.Mots clés : Bronchiolite, nourrisson, antécédents, Togo.Introduction: This article aims at studying the epidemiology of bronchitis and analyse its risk factors in babies at the Campus teaching hospital of Lome. Methodology: It is a 12 month prospective study, involving babies who were consulted for bronchitis at the Campus Teaching Hospital. The study included babies aged 1 to 30 months. The main parameters studied relate to personal and family antecedents as well as the living environment of the babies. Results: Babies under 6 months (41.67%) and male were more concerned. Personal and family antecedents were dominated by rhinitis (27.77%). Conclusion: The frequency of bronchitis is high particularly among younger mal babies.Key words: Bronchitis, babies, antecedent, Togo
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