Inmigrantes argentinos en España: acomodación fonética, morfológica y léxica a la variedad de la ciudad de Málaga

The aim of this project is to establish the sociolinguistic accommodation of an Argentinean-speaking community distinguishing between: a) young immigrants (n = 12), and b) adult Argentinean immigrants (n = 12) in the city of Malaga, Spain. We will compare the accommodation of these two groups in order to determine if there are differences that could be related to age, gender, time of residence in the city of Malaga, etc.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

On the different ways of being a bi-dialectal immigrant. From speech isolation through code-switching to full integration. The case of Argentineans in Malaga (Spain).

In this paper we analyse the accommodation (convergence) or divergence of young immigrants born in Buenos Aires, Argentina but living in Malaga, Spain (n = 22). For analysing this community, we took advantage of previous studies on dialects in contact such as Auer et. al. (2000), Hinskens et. al. (2016), Kerswill & Williams (2000), or Trudgill (1986), among others. We have focused our attention on a very salient feature of the variety of Buenos Aires: the realization patterns of the voiced palatal fricative /ʝ/ (n = 1176) by young immigrant speakers. In such an immigration context, different realizations of /ʝ/ are observable, from open [j] to voiceless fricative realizations [ʃ]. An acoustic analysis based on standardised zero crossings rate, relative intensity, and other complementary measurements allows us to set the acoustic parameters underlying palatal /ʝ/ allophones, and to reveal a clear recession in the use of the native closed – and even voiceless – allophones by the Buenos Aires young immigrant speakers.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Conclusions

One of the basic problems in local organic food systems seems to be connected to food chains. The range of creative initiatives covers all thinkable fields: information about ecology, farmers' own activities in creating brands and labels, associations, developing ordering and delivery systems, processing, municipal help, marketing campaigns and so on

Discussion

This report presents case studies of local initiatives that have overcome obstacles and successfully promoted local food. To start an initiative that is ecologically, economically and socially sustainable and combines organic food production with recycling and society may sound like a complicated task

Dominance and Submission: Social Status Biases Economic Sanctions

Social hierarchy is persistent in all almost all societies. Social norms and their enforcement are part of sustaining hierarchical systems. This paper combines social status and norm enforcement, by introducing status in a dictator game with third party punishment. Status is conveyed by surname; half of the third parties face dictators with a noble name and half face dictators with a common name. Receivers all have common names. We find that social status has an impact on behavior. Our results indicate that low status men are punished to a greater extent than low status women, high status men, or high status women. Interestingly, discrimination occurs only in male to male interaction. For offers below half, or almost half of the allocated resource, male third parties punish male dictators with common names almost twice as much as their noble counterparts. We find no support for female discrimination. This result suggests that social status has important implications for men’s decisions to use economic punishment, and that this holds true in situations where reputation or strategic concerns have no importance.Status; punishment; discrimination

Outrunning the Gender Gap – Boys and Girls Compete Equally

Recent studies find that women are less competitive than men. This gender difference in competitiveness has been suggested as one possible explanation for why men occupy the majority of top positions in many sectors. In this study we explore competitiveness in children, with the premise that both culture and gendered stereotypes regarding the task at hand may influence competitive behavior. A related field experiment on Israeli children shows that only boys react to competition by running faster when competing in a race. We here test if there is a gender gap in running among 7-10 year old Swedish children. We also introduce two female sports, skipping rope and dancing, to see if competitiveness is task dependent. We find no gender difference in reaction to competition in any task; boys and girls compete equally. If gender equality matters for competitiveness, this result may be explained by cultural factors, since Sweden scores higher on gender equality indices than Israel.competitiveness; gender differences; field experiment

Healthy and organic food, more than just eating

The patterns of food consumption are changing among young people. It is expressed in their awareness of how food affects health in both positive and negative ways. The acts of buying, cooking and eating food are related to cultural values and the social and psychological life of the individual. References to identity formation and health are frequently made in consumer research. However there are also other perspectives to consider, which has not yet been looked upon. The aim of this study was to investigate young adults personal experience associated to the choice of organic food from a psychological perspective. In depth interviews were made with 30 young adults favouring organic food. The interviews were carried out in different parts of Sweden between 2011 and 2012. Questions where asked about their choice of healthy eating based on eating organic food. The interviews lasted between one and a half and two hours. The analysis followed the four steps of the descriptive phenomenological psychological method developed by Giorgi (2009). Preliminary results show that young adults experiences and explorations of organic food is related to the need to be both physically healthy and in the sense of subjective Well-being involving expressions of self though food. Further more also creating a sustainable future where they feel as individuals with their own identities

Outrunning the Gender Gap – Boys and Girls Compete Equally

Recent studies find that women are less competitive than men. This gender difference in competitiveness has been suggested as a possible explanation for why men occupy the majority of top positions in many sectors. In this study we explore competitiveness in children. A related field experiment on Israeli children shows that only boys react to competition by running faster when competing in a race and that only girls react to the gender of their opponent. Here we test if these results carry over to 7-10 year old Swedish children. Sweden is typically ranked among the most gender equal countries in the world, thus culture could explain a potential difference in our results to those on Israeli children. We also introduce two more “female” sports: skipping rope and dancing, in order to study if reaction to competition is task dependent. Our results extend previous findings in two ways. First, we find no gender difference in reaction to competition in running. In our study, both boys and girls compete. We also find no gender differences in reaction to competition in skipping rope and dancing. Second, we find no clear effect on competitiveness of the opponent’s gender, neither on girls or boys, in any of the tasks. Our findings suggest that the existence of a gender gap in competitiveness among children may be partly cultural, and that the gap found in previous studies on adults may be caused by factors that emerge later in life. It remains to be explored whether these later factors are biological or cultural.competitiveness; gender differences; field experiment

New aspects on timing and graft morbidity in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of different surgical techniques on knee function and outcomes after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). In Study I, 70 patients with a Tegner level of six or more were assessed after randomisation between acute ACLR (within 8 days after the injury) and delayed ACLR (after normalised range of motion [ROM] 6–10 weeks after the injury) using a four-strand semitendinosus tendon graft. The primary endpoint was range of motion at three months, and in this first study the patients were followed up for six months. The results for stiffness, laxity, functional tests and functional scores were comparable for both groups. Patients who underwent delayed surgery had more muscle hypotrophy in the early phase of the rehabilitation process. In Study II, 70 patients from the same randomised controlled trial as in Study I were assessed to compare total number of sick-leave days taken during the first year following an ACL rupture in those undergoing acute and delayed reconstruction as a means of measuring indirect socioeconomic costs. Acute reconstruction resulted in significant fewer sick-leave days during the first year after the injury. Acute and delayed ACL reconstruction provided similar clinical outcomes after 12 months with no significant differences. In Study III, the patients in Study I were assessed at 24 months post-surgery. Twelve patients were lost to follow-up, six in each group. While no significant differences regarding outcome measurements between the groups could be found, both groups showed better functional outcome scores compared to the Swedish Knee Ligament Register (SKLR). In Study IV, 140 patients were randomised between ipsilateral (IL) and contralateral (CL) four-strand semitendinosus tendon autograft and followed up for 24 months. The aim was to compare muscle strength and patient reported outcomes following ACLR using a semitendinosus (ST) graft from the IL leg compared to a graft from the CL leg and the primary endpoint was isometric hamstring strength at 6 months The results did not show any measurable subjective differences. The CL group showed early symmetrical strength between the limbs, while the IL group stayed asymmetrical during the whole trial with significant differences between the groups in both isometric and isokinetic strength. In conclusion, acute ACLR can be performed safely without an increased risk of developing stiffness, and a reconstruction performed before recurrent giving ways occur increases the likelihood of achieving better functional scores. There is also, from a society viewpoint, a potential economic benefit to identifying individuals who would benefit from acute ACL reconstruction. Using a CL autograft is a safe option and could have benefits regarding regaining symmetrical strength between the limb

Age at pubertal onset and educational outcomes

Education has important short and long run implications for individual outcomes. In this paper we explore the association between age at pubertal onset and educational outcomes in a sample of Swedish girls. Previous research suggests that girls that mature earlier perform worse in school compared to girls that mature later. To test if this is also true among Swedish girls, we investigate the association between pubertal development and grades, educational aspirations and educational choice. We also investigate whether changes in risk attitudes, time preferences and priorities concerning school versus friends mediate this potential correlation. We confirm that earlier maturing girls have lower grades and lower educational aspirations, but find that they make educational choices similar to those of later maturing girls. Furthermore, we do not find that these differences in grades and aspirations are mediated by risk attitudes, time preferences or priorities.educational outcomes; puberty; pubertal timing; grades