Optimum management of time as an important practice for boosting productivity in organizations

Starting point of obtaining skills in time management is individually different .Most people think they can get better than what they are with the help of time management. The best opportunities or the worst ones usually occur at unexpected time which we might not be ready for. Here, the question is "what is time management?" It can be said it is the best use of seconds and opportunities one faces .Therefore, in this paper, efforts has been done to provide practical ways so as to use the time in an optimum way. By definition, time management is determining main purposes as a first step and writing them down on a paper followed by next and main step: regular planning as well as hard efforts which finally lead to aims access. However, in the case of absence of one of the mentioned factors, it would be either impossible to realizing aims or you may be exercised lots of expenses leading to no qualitative results

Optimum management of time as an important practice for boosting productivity in organizations

Starting point of obtaining skills in time management is individually different .Most people think they can get better than what they are with the help of time management. The best opportunities or the worst ones usually occur at unexpected time which we might not be ready for. Here, the question is "what is time management?" It can be said it is the best use of seconds and opportunities one faces .Therefore, in this paper, efforts has been done to provide practical ways so as to use the time in an optimum way. By definition, time management is determining main purposes as a first step and writing them down on a paper followed by next and main step: regular planning as well as hard efforts which finally lead to aims access. However, in the case of absence of one of the mentioned factors, it would be either impossible to realizing aims or you may be exercised lots of expenses leading to no qualitative results

A cross-sectional study on the relationship between maternal attachment styles and child cognitive functions

BACKGROUND: The concept of attachment refers to how the infant emotionally communicates with the caregiver. Despite the importance of this concept, the relationship between the mother's attachment styles and the child's cognitive functions has not been investigated so far.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study during October to December 2019, 120 primary school girl students were selected by the convenience sampling method. Participants responded to the two scales of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC®-IV), as well as the Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR-S). Data were analyzed using multivariate regression statistical model in SPSS softwareRESULTS: The results showed that five indices of verbal intelligence, knowledge intelligence, active memory intelligence, working memory (WM), and processing speed were predicted by parent's anxiety attachment style (P < 0.050 for all). However, the relationship between the indices of total intelligence, non-verbal intelligence, fluid reasoning intelligence, quantitative reasoning intelligence, visual-spatial processing intelligence, verbal inteligence, perceptual reasoning, general ability, cognitive domination, and total scale of students with parent attachment styles were not significant (P > 0.050).CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlighted the role of maternal attachment styles in predicting child's psychological structures, which can be accompanied by clinical implications in planning interventions based on the intelligence quotient (IQ) promotion for the child

Thermodynamic geometry of a system with unified quantum statistics

We examine the thermodynamic characteristics of unified quantum statistics as a novel framework that undergoes a crossover between Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics by varying a generalization parameter $\delta$. We find an attractive intrinsic statistical interaction when $\delta\le0.5$ where the thermodynamic curvature remains positive throughout the entire physical range. For $0.5 < \delta < 1$ the system exhibits predominantly Fermi-like behavior at high temperatures, while at low temperatures, the thermodynamic curvature is positive and the system behaves like bosons. As the temperature decreases further, the system undergoes a transition into the condensate phase. We also report on a critical fugacity ($z = Z^*$) defined as the point at which the thermodynamic curvature changes sign, i.e. for $z Z^*$), the statistical behavior resembles that of fermions (bosons). Also, we extract the variation of statistical behaviour of the system for different values of generalization parameter with respect to the temperature. We evaluate the critical fugacity and critical $\delta$ dependent condensation temperature of the system. Finally, we investigate the specific heat as a function of temperature and condensation phase transition temperature of the system for different values of generalization parameter in different dimensions.Comment: 10 pages, 17 figure

Does covid-19 pandemic tell us something about time and space to meet our being, belonging and becoming needs?

Background. People’s perceptions of events like a pandemic are shaped by individual experiences within their socio-cultural context. Attributing negative or positive meanings to an experience may influence the sense of Being, Belonging and Becoming. Aim and objectives. To investigate the impact of the isolation/social distancing measures on people’s sense of Being, Belonging, Becoming and overall sense of Occupational Wholeness compared to the time before the Covid-19 Pandemic as it is perceived by an Iranian population. Methods. The Model of Occupational Wholeness used to inform the theoretical basis of this study and development of the survey questions. An internet-based survey using a convenient and snowball sampling method was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was published using a software named Porsline. A sample of 1624 members of the general population in Iran (67% response rate) completed the questionnaire within the first four weeks of the isolation/social distancing period starting on 18 March 2020. The Data was analysed by the SPSS 22. Results. The participants showed a more positive perceived level of Being and Belonging as well as an overall sense of Occupational Wholeness, and no difference in the perceived sense of Becoming during the isolation/social distancing period compared to the time before the Covid 19 pandemic. Conclusions. The findings show that the isolation/social distancing measures were perceived by participants as an opportunity to meet some of their Being, and Belonging needs that contribute to an overall sense of OccupationalWholeness.This highlights the role that Occupational science and Occupational therapy may have in helping people in situations when they need to rethink and replan for what they Do and the way they attribute meaning to their experiences

Critical data source; Tool or even infrastructure? Challenges of geographic information systems and remote sensing for disaster risk governance

Disaster risk information is spatial in nature and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) play an important key role by the services they provide to society. In this context, to risk management and governance, in general, and to civil protection, specifically (termed differently in many countries, and includes, for instance: civil contingencies in the UK, homeland security in the USA, disaster risk reduction at the UN level). The main impetus of this article is to summarize key contributions and challenges in utilizing and accepting GIS and RS methods and data for disaster risk governance, which includes public bodies, but also risk managers in industry and practitioners in search and rescue organizations. The article analyzes certain method developments, such as vulnerability indicators, crowdsourcing, and emerging concepts, such as Volunteered Geographic Information, but also investigates the potential of the topic Critical Infrastructure as it could be applied on spatial assets and GIS and RS itself. Intended to stimulate research on new and emerging fields, this article's main contribution is to move spatial research toward a more reflective stance where opportunities and challenges are equally and transparently addressed in order to gain more scientific quality. As a conclusion, GIS and RS can play a pivotal role not just in delivering data but also in connecting and analyzing data in a more integrative, holistic way

The Frequency of Using Herbal Medicines Among Patients With Hypertension in Kerman, Iran, 2012-2013

Introduction. The use of medicinal plants has dramatically increased in recent years. Given the increasing rate of hypertension and medical plants usage by these patients and considering drug interactions due to concomitant use with drugs, the present study aims to evaluate the rate of medicinal plants usage in hypertensive patients. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study (descriptive–analytical) in which 650 hypertensive patients referring to the subspecialty clinic of Kerman were questioned about medicinal plants usage by a medicinal plants questionnaire. Among these patients, there were 612 who consented to participate. After the variables were described, the data were finally analyzed using Stata 12. Results. The average age of those using these drugs in the past year was 58.8 +10 years. Of the total number of participants using medicinal plants, there were 58 males (23.5%) and 122 females (33.4%). There were 129 participants (72.5%) using medicinal plants through self-administration, 17 participants (9.5%) on experienced users’ advice, 16 participants (9%) as administered by herbalists, and 11 participants (6%) as administered by doctors. However, the most important resources for using a drug that prevents hypertension were family and friends (74 participants; 41.5%) and doctors (13 participants; 7.3%). According to the results, there was no significant difference between the level of education and medicinal plants usage (P ¼ .95); however, there was a significant difference between gender and medicinal plants usage (P ¼ .009). Discussion. According to the results indicating the relatively high prevalence of medicinal plants usage and their arbitrary use by hypertensive patients without consulting a specialist, it seems necessary to plan for more effective and secure public education and train people to provide herbal drug services for various diseases with hypertension being the most common one

فردی‌کردن فرآیند کیفری اطفال و نوجوانان در پرتو اسناد غیر الزام‌آور ملل متحد

Background and Aim: The principle of individualization of punishments is considered as one of the basic principles of criminal law systems that are very closely related to fundamental human rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the principle of individualization in relation to the criminal process related to children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: This research is theoretical type; the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library, which was done by referring to documents, books and articles. Ethical Considerations: In this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Findings: The findings of the present study show that non-binding UN documents, due to their high flexibility and inspiration from international human rights norms and principles, are highly consistent with the structures and norms of domestic systems in terms of content. Conclusion: Non-binding UN documents relating to children and adolescents in prison generally seek to prevent violations of the law by them. They also improve the treatment of children and adolescents accused or suspected of violating the law. Finally, by supporting children and adolescents deprived of their liberty, strengthening of the aggression and delinquency of them has been prevented, so that children can be reformed and return to their community and family. &nbsp; Please cite this article as: Alizadeh F, Abbasi A, Esmaili M. Individualization in the Juvenile Criminal Process in the Light of Non-Binding UN Documents. Bioethics Journal, Special Issue on Ethical &amp; Legal Reflections 2021; 99-115.زمینه و هدف: اصل فردی‌کردن مجازات‌ها به عنوان یکی از اصول مبنایی نظام‌های حقوق کیفری محسوب می‌شود که ارتباط بسیار نزدیکی با حقوق بنیادین بشری دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اصل فردی‌کردن در ارتباط با فرآیند کیفری مربوط به اطفال و نوجوانان است. مواد و روش‌ها: تحقیق حاضر از حیث نوع، نظری است؛ ‌روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی ـ تحلیلی می‌باشد و روش جمع‏آوری اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانه‏ای است که با مراجعه به اسناد، کتب و مقالات صورت گرفته است. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در این پژوهش، ضمن رعایت اصالت متون، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که اسناد غیر الزام‌آور ملل متحد، به دلیل انعطاف‌پذیری بالا و الهام‌گرفتن از هنجارها و اصول حقوق بشر بین‌المللی، از نظر محتوایی، هماهنگی زیادی با ساختارها و هنجارهای نظام‌های داخلی دارند. نتیجه‌گیری: اسناد غیر الزام‌آور سازمان ملل متحد در ارتباط با اطفال و نوجوانانِ زندانی در یک دید کلی تلاش می‌کنند تا از نقض قانون توسط اطفال و نوجوانان در آتیه پیشگیری به عمل آورند. همچنین نحوه برخورد با اطفال و نوجوانان متهم یا مظنون به نقض قانون را بهبود بخشیده و ارتقا دهند و در نهایت با حمایت از اطفال و نوجوانان محروم از آزادی، مانع از تقویت روحیه پرخاشگری و بزه‌کاری در آنان شده، تا به واسطه آن کودکان اصلاح و به آغوش جامعه و خانواده خویش بازگردند

دراسة تأثير الذكاء المعنوي على السلوك العدواني بالالتفات إلى الدور الوسيط للأخلاق المهنية؛ مجموعة الدراسة: ممرضو مشفى الإمام علي (ع) في محافظة ألبرز

سابقه و هدف: هوش کارکنان متغیّری مهم در فضای سازمان به شمار می‌رود. مدیران سازمان‌ها خواهان کارکنانی هستند که هوش بالاتری داشته باشند. یکی از انواع هوش‌ها که اخیراً جامعۀ علمی جهان بر آن متمرکز شده هوش معنوی است. علاوه‌براین، با توجه به شرایط خاص محیط بیمارستان، اخلاق حرفه‌ای نقش بسزایی در بروز رفتارهای مثبت و نشان‌ندادن رفتارهای مخرب در فضای بیمارستان دارد. یکی از رفتارهای مخرب به‌ویژه دربارۀ پرستارانی که به‌صورت مستقیم به ارائۀ خدمات مشغول هستند، رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر هوش معنوی بر رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه با توجه به نقش میانجی اخلاق حرفه‌ای در بیمارستان امام علی (ع) استان البرز در سال 1398 بود. روش کار: مطالعۀ حاضر از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری 1100 نفر از پرستاران بیمارستان امام علی (ع) استان البرز بود که پس از توزیع 500 پرسش‌نامه در میان آنان به‌روش تصادفی ساده، 490 پرسش‌نامه مناسب تشخیص داده شد. ابزارهای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسش‌نامه‌های استاندارد هوش معنوی، اخلاق حرفه‌ای و رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه بود. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده با آزمون‌های میانگین و الگویابی معادلات ساختاری تجزیه و تحلیل شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از آزمون میانگین حاکی از آن است که پرستاران بیمارستان امام علی (ع) از سطح قابل‌قبول هوش معنوی و رعایت اخلاق حرفه‌ای برخوردار بودند و رفتارهای پرخاشگرانۀ اندکی از خود بروز دادند. درضمن، نتایج الگویابی معادلات ساختاری نشان می‌دهد که هوش معنوی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر اخلاق حرفه‌ای پرستاران داشت و هوش معنوی و اخلاق حرفه‌ای هر دو تأثیر منفی ولی معناداری بر رفتارهای پرخاشگرانۀ پرستاران داشت؛ درنهایت اینکه نقش میانجی اخلاق حرفه‌ای در رابطۀ بین هوش معنوی و رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه تأیید شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: تقویت شاخص‌ها و متغیّر هوش معنوی در بهبود اخلاق حرفه‌ای در بیمارستان مؤثر است و موجب کاهش بروز رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه می‌شود. همچنین، رعایت اخلاق حرفه‌ای تأثیر هوش معنوی را بر کاهش بروز رفتارهای پرخاشگرانۀ پرستاران تسهیل می‌کند و به‌عنوان عاملی میانجی ایفای نقش می‌نماید. &nbsp; استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Esmaili R, Mousavi-Davoudi SM, Nasiri-Amiri F. The Impact of Spiritual Intelligence on Aggressive Behavior, Considering the Mediating Role of Professional Ethics: A Case Study of Nurses of Imam Ali (pbuh) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(3):35-50. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i3.29499 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Background and Objective: Employees’ intelligence is an important variable in an organization's environment. Managers of organizations want employees who have higher intelligence. One of the types of intelligence that has recently been the focus of attention of the world scientific community is spiritual intelligence. In addition, due to the specific circumstances of the hospital environment, professional ethics plays an important role in the emergence of positive behaviors and non-destructive behaviors in the hospital environment. One of the destructive behaviors of the hospital environment, especially for nurses who directly provide services, is aggressive behaviors. Therefore, after reviewing the research background, the present study aims to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence on aggressive behaviors with the mediating role of professional ethics in Imam Ali Hospital in Alborz province in 2019. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. For this purpose, standard questionnaires of spiritual intelligence, professional ethics, and aggressive behaviors after evaluating their validity (content and construct validity) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha method) were used to collect the required data from 1100 nurses of Imam Ali (AS) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. The collected data were analyzed by one sample t-test and structural equation modeling. In the present study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors declared no conflict of interests. Results: The results of the mean test indicated that nurses in Imam Ali Hospital in Alborz had acceptable an level of spiritual intelligence and professional ethics. In addition, nurses in the hospital exhibit low aggressive behaviors. Meanwhile, the results of structural equation modeling indicate that spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on nurses' professional ethics. Both spiritual intelligence and professional ethics have negative but significant effects on aggressive behaviors of nurses; ultimately, the mediating role of professional ethics in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and aggressive behaviors has been confirmed. Conclusion: Improving the spiritual intelligence indicators and variable is effective in promoting professional ethics and decrease the incidence of aggressive behaviors in hospitals. Further, nurses' professional ethics facilitate the impact of spiritual intelligence on reducing aggressive behaviors and act as a mediating factor. &nbsp; Please cite this article as: Esmaili R, Mousavi-Davoudi SM, Nasiri-Amiri F. The Impact of Spiritual Intelligence on Aggressive Behavior, Considering the Mediating Role of Professional Ethics: A Case Study of Nurses of Imam Ali (pbuh) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(3):35-50. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i3.29499خلفية البحث وأهدافه: يعتبر ذكاء العاملين متغير مهم في فضاء المؤسسة. فمدراء المؤسسات يبحثون عن عاملين يتمتعون بذكاء أعلى. ويعتبر الذكاء المعنوي أحد أنواع الذكاء الذي أصبح مؤخراً موضع اهتمام المجتمع العلمي العالمي. ومضافاً إلى ذلك فإن الظروف الخاصة المحيطة بالمشفى تمنح الأخلاق المهنية دوراً مهماً في ظهور أنواع السلوك الإيجابي وإخفاء أنواع السلوك المخرب في فضاء المشفى. ويعتبر السلوك العدواني أحد أنواع السلوك المخرب، وخاصة بالنسبة للممرضين الشاغلين بصورة مباشرة في تقديم الخدمات. والهدف من المطالعة الحاضرة دراسة تأثير الذكاء المعنوي على السلوك العدواني بملاحظة الدور الوسيط للأخلاق المهنية في مشفى الإمام علي (ع) في محافظة ألبرز خلال عام 2019. منهجية البحث: تعتبر هذه الدراسة من النوع الوصفي-التكافلي. ومجموعة الدراسة تتكون من 1100 فرد من ممرضي مشفى الإمام علي (ع) في محافظة ألبرز. وبعد أن تم توزيع 500 استبيان بينهم بصورة عشوائية بسيطة تم تحديد 490 استبياناً منها على أنها مناسبة. وكانت أدوات جمع البيانات عبارة عن الاستبيانات المعيارية للذكاء المعنوي والأخلاق المهنية والسلوك العدواني. وقد تم تفكيك وتحليل البيانات التي تم جمعها بواسطة اختبارات المعدّلات ونماذج المعادلات الهيكلية. وقد تمت مراعاة جميع الضوابط الأخلاقية في هذه الدراسة، ولم يلحظ مؤلفو المقالة أي تضارب للمصالح. المعطیات: تشير النتائج الحاصلة من اختبار المعدّل إلى أن ممرضي مشفى الإمام علي (ع) يتمتعون بمستوى مقبول من الذكاء المعنوي ومراعاة الأخلاق المهنية، وقد أبرزوا من أنفسهم درجة ضعيفة من السلوك العدواني. كما أن نتائج البحث عن نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية تشير إلى أن للذكاء المعنوي تأثيراً إيجابياً وذا معنى على الأخلاق المهنية للممرضين. كما أن لكلا الذكاء المعنوي والأخلاق المهنية تأثير سلبي ولكنه ذو معنى على السلوك العدواني للممرضين. وفي النهاية فقد تم التأكيد على الدور الوسيط للأخلاق المهنية فيما يرتبط بالذكاء المعنوي والسلوك العدواني. الاستنتاج: إن تقوية المعايير ومتغير الذكاء المعنوي له تأثيره على تحسين الأخلاق المهنية في المشفى، ويؤدي إلى التقليل من بروز السلوك العدواني. كما أن مراعاة الأخلاق المهنية يُسهّل في عملية تأثير الذكاء المعنوي على التقليل من بروز السلوك العدواني للممرضين، ويلعب دور الوسيط في ذلك. &nbsp; يتم استناد المقالة على الترتيب التالي: Esmaili R, Mousavi-Davoudi SM, Nasiri-Amiri F. The Impact of Spiritual Intelligence on Aggressive Behavior, Considering the Mediating Role of Professional Ethics: A Case Study of Nurses of Imam Ali (pbuh) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(3):35-50. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i3.2949