Historia de los patrones de apego en madres adolescentes y su relación con el riesgo en la calidad del apego con sus hijos recién nacidos

El objetivo de este tabajo es determinar la relación que existe entre los patrones de apego de las madres adolescentes con sus figuras primarias de apego, y la presencia o ausencia de riesgo relacional con sus bebés. También se busca determinar la relación que tiene el riesgo relacional con dos variables psicosociales asociadas a la calidad del vínculo madre adolescente-bebé; el apoyo familiar y presencia o ausencia del padre del bebé.Eje: Psicología del desarrolloFacultad de Psicologí

Historia de los patrones de apego en madres adolescentes y su relación con el riesgo en la calidad del apego con sus hijos recién nacidos

El objetivo de este tabajo es determinar la relación que existe entre los patrones de apego de las madres adolescentes con sus figuras primarias de apego, y la presencia o ausencia de riesgo relacional con sus bebés. También se busca determinar la relación que tiene el riesgo relacional con dos variables psicosociales asociadas a la calidad del vínculo madre adolescente-bebé; el apoyo familiar y presencia o ausencia del padre del bebé.Eje: Psicología del desarrolloFacultad de Psicologí

El monólogo en el teatro: convenciones, límites y problemáticas

El monólogo existe desde los orígenes del teatro, por lo que su conceptualización y usos han ido variando en la historia de acuerdo con el contexto sociopolítico. Lo cual generó una definición canónica que pesa sobre el mismo: un parlamento en una obra de teatro en la que habla un solo personaje (habitualmente interpretado por un actor) sobre sus reflexiones o sus sentimientos íntimos. El problema es que este concepto no es suficiente para explicarnos lo que sucede con los monólogos hoy. En el teatro contemporáneo existe una fuerte presencia de los mismos, por lo que su definición se complejiza y nos plantea la necesidad de aproximarnos a una nueva forma de pensarlo relacionado a las diversas propuestas escénicas actuales. Decidimos indagar en las convenciones que lo rigen, operaciones y  problemáticas para comprender su funcionamiento. Las cuales también problematizan las convenciones propias del teatro: se derrumba la cuarta pared, se cuestiona el efecto de denegación, plantea un desafío para el modo de construir personajes y ficción. Al ser empleado como recurso teatral, adquiere la cualidad de existir sólo cuando sucede: el monólogo es en tanto acontecimiento. Trabajamos con el texto Habla de Aimar Labaki, constituido por monólogos, para lograr una obra de teatro que a la vez que diera cuenta de nuestra propuesta conceptual. En ella, se plantea el deterioro de las relaciones humanas expresado en el habla: individuos que no consiguen respuesta. El límite de ese decir, se materializa en la ausencia, manifestando la problemática de la presencia del otro; aspecto que también es fundamental en la teatralidad. Debido a que no hallamos mucho material sobre este tema, podemos considerar este trabajo como un aporte que, lejos de estar concluido, abre las puertas a nuevos interrogantes que pueden generar otras líneas de investigación sobre monólogos

La creación social del conocimiento y la universidad

LA CREACIÓN SOCIAL DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y LA UNIVERSIDAD Dr.ª María Josefina Israel Semino (FURG - Brasil) Lic. Patrícia Mussi Escobar (FURG/UFPel – Brasil) El Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación a la Docencia (PIBID) de la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG fue desarrollado con el objetivo de motivar al docente en su profesión, a través de la inmersión de los licenciados en la realidad de las escuelas y de los liceos públicos del municipio de Río Grande en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. En la actualidad los estudiantes de la universidad así como los profesores aprenden mutuamente y los beneficios de este intercambio lo reciben tanto los estudiantes de primaria y secundaria como los estudiantes universitarios involucrados en dicho programa y hay también encuentros iberoamericanos que discuten esta experiencia. Recientemente celebramos en la FURG el X Encuentro y sugerimos que se incorporen a esta iniciativa el conjunto de los países latinoamericanos, incluyendo al Uruguay. Palabras clave: PIBID/EIE; docencia; español como lengua extranjer

Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying working memory encoding and retrieval in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Working memory (WM) impairments in ADHD have been consistently reported along with deficits in attentional control. Yet, it is not clear which specific WM processes are affected in this condition. A deficient coupling between attention and WM has been reported. Nevertheless, most studies focus on the capacity to retain information rather than on the attention-dependent stages of encoding and retrieval. The current study uses a visual short-term memory binding task, measuring both behavioral and electrophysiological responses to characterize WM encoding, binding and retrieval comparing ADHD and non-ADHD matched adolescents. ADHD exhibited poorer accuracy and larger reaction times than non-ADHD on all conditions but especially when a change across encoding and test displays occurred. Binding manipulation affected equally both groups. Encoding P3 was larger in the non-ADHD group. Retrieval P3 discriminated change only in the non-ADHD group. Binding-dependent ERP modulations did not reveal group differences. Encoding and retrieval P3 were significantly correlated only in non-ADHD. These results suggest that while binding processes seem to be intact in ADHD, attention-related encoding and retrieval processes are compromised, resulting in a failure in the prioritization of relevant information. This new evidence can also inform recent theories of binding in visual WM.Fil: Ortega Toro, Rodrigo. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: López, Vladimir. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Carrasco, Ximena. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Escobar, María Josefina. Universidad Adolfo Ibañez; ChileFil: García, Adolfo Martín. Universidad de San Andrés; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; ChileFil: Parra, Mario. Universidad Autónoma del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Aboitiz, Francisco. Universidad de Chile; Chil

Validity evidence of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in Chile

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la validez de la versión chilena de un instrumento para la identificación de diferentes niveles de riesgo asociado al consumo de alcohol, tabaco, marihuana y cocaína (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, ASSIST). Se evaluó la fiabilidad y consistencia del instrumento además de la validez concurrente y discriminante. La muestra fue de 400 usuarios de servicios de tratamiento drogas y alcohol ambulatorios y residenciales de la atención primaria de salud, comisarías y empresas. La consistencia interna obtenida fue alta (Alcohol α= .86. marihuana α= .84 y cocaína α= .90). El coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) con la comparación test-retest fue buena para Alcohol (CCI = .66), marihuana (CCI = .74) y cocaína (CCI =.80). Se observó una buena correlación entre los puntajes del ASSIST el puntaje del AUDIT (r de Pearson = .85), ASI-Lite (r entre .66 y .83 para tabaco, alcohol, marihuana y cocaína) y SDS (r = .65). El punto de corte original para la detección del riesgo alto es de 27 puntos, sin embargo, considerando un mejor balance entre sensibilidad y especificidad se modificó ese corte a 21. Los resultados obtenidos en éste estudio demostraron las buenas propiedades psicométricas del ASSIST para la detección de distintos niveles de riesgo asociados al consumo de sustancias en población general de Chile.This study aims to psychometrically validate the Chilean version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test ASSIST. Specifically, this study is interested in evaluating the reliability, consistency and concurrent and discriminant validity of this instrument. The sample was composed for a total of 400 people from four different settings: treatment centers (residential and ambulatories), primary health care, police stations and companies. The reliability of the ASSIST was high (α = .86 for Alcohol, α = .84 for marijuana and α = .90 for cocaine). The intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) with test-retest comparison was statistically significant for Alcohol (ICC = .66), marijuana (ICC = .74) and cocaine (ICC = .80). There were statistically significant correlations between the ASSIST and the AUDIT score (Pearson?s r = .85), the ASSIST and the ASI-Lite score (r between .66 and .83 for tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine), and the ASSIST and the SDS score (r = .65). The original cutoff point for high risk detection was 27 points, however, in order to have a better balance between sensitivity and specificity the cut was changed to 21 points. The ASSIST presents good psychometric properties and therefore is a reliable and valid instrument to be used as a mechanism to detect risk levels of substance use in the Chilean population.Fil: Soto Brandt, Gonzalo. Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol; ChileFil: Portilla Huidobro, Rodrigo. Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol; ChileFil: Huepe Artigas, David. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Rivera Rei, Álvaro. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Escobar, María Josefina. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Salas Guzmán, Natalia. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Canales Johnson, Andrés. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Guzmán, Claudio. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Castillo Carniglia, Álvaro. Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol; Chil

Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Different Hispanic Countries: An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on the pooled sample of participants (N = 1,979) obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants' countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2 (N = 1,171), we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one's children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA's predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain

An innovative practice in the Physics laboratory: radiofrequency electromagnetic fields personal exposure

The evolution of the species has led us to adapt and live in an environment of electromagnetic waves of low frequency and low intensity of natural origin: proceeding from the Sun and Storms. In addition, we have gotten used to the Earth’s weak magnetic field, which is practically stationary. However, human activity has altered this natural balance with more intense electromagnetic fields and with a very different spectral distribution of frequencies. In the past two decades, personal exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) has experimented an important increase due to the development of the information society, and at some point, we have wondered whether these have any negative effects on health, some out of concern and some out of curiosity. Parallel to the increase of the exposure to RF-EMF, the concern regarding the potential health effects has increased. Among the most feared effects, stands out the possible relationship of the RF-EMF with some diseases of the brain of unspecified causes, which has motivated numerous epidemiological studies. However, many of these studies have focused almost exclusively in the location of the antennas of mobile phones, and not in involving the participants to disseminate the results with society. In this context, the use of personal Expometers allows to study the RF-EMF exposition in great detail (spatial, temporary, number of bands, precision, etc.) and/or characterize the exposure level of the population in different micro environments, where it is possible to study if there is spatial correlation with the incidence of any disease. Some studies propose alternatives to assess exposure in different micro environments, using different models elaborated from point measurements or elaborating exposure maps. In view of the growing public concern about the possible health effects of RF-EMF, we believe that a modern society must be sufficiently informed of all technological developments and possible health implications, and the best option is through education. At university level, laboratory practices can be developed where students participate during the measurement process, so they know the equipment and see the application of physics in this type of studies; in addition, they will be aware of the obtained results. We firmly believe that the work in the laboratory contributes in making learning more meaningful. What you manipulate is learned differently, you know the why, but also the how. For that reason, in this work we present the design and development of a laboratory practice for students of Physics for Computer Science Engineering the Degree in Computer Science, whose objective is to measure the intensity of the RF-EMF in 14 different frequency bands. The practice has been developed at the Faculty of Computer Science Engineering at the UCLM, located in the Campus of Albacete. The measurement instrument was Satimo's EME Spy 140 personal exposimeter, and data analysis was performed using EME Spy Analysis Software v3.20, Excel, Google Earth, ArcGIS Software and the Kriging method. With the results obtained, we realize that the recorded measurements are well below the basic restrictions and reference levels allowed by the European, Spanish and Castilla-La Mancha regulations respectively. We believe that this laboratory practice can be replicated in other national universities, as well as universities in other countries

Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.</p

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world