Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and white blood cell counts (WBC) with respect to presence of any deep infection focus recorded during 30-days.

<p>The area under the curve (AUC) for the day of the positive blood culture, CRP was 0.074 (95% CI, 0.67–0.81; p<0.0001) with a cut-off value of 108 mg/L with sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 60%. For CRP on day 7, the AUC was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68–0.81; p<0.0001) with a cut-off value of 44 mg/L with sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 67% and for CRP on day 14 the AUC was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64–0.77; p<0.0001) with a cut-off value of 22 mg/L with sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 68%. The corresponding AUC for WBC on the day 1 was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.46–0.63; p = 0.236) and a cut-off value was not determined. For WBC on day 7 the AUC was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.58–0.72; p<0.0001) with a cut-off value of 8.5 x109/L with sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 62%. For WBC on 14 days, the AUC was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.49–0.63; p = 0.153) with a cut-off value of 7.25 x109/L with sensitivity of 44% and specificity of 75%.</p

Factors associated with a deep infection focus in 430 patients with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia.

<p>OR = odds ratio for presence of deep infection, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. All values are given as number of patients (%).</p

Characteristics, predisposing factors and severity of illness in 430 patients with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia (SAB) stratified according to 30-day mortality.

<p>OR = odds ratio for fatal outcome. HR = hazard ratio for fatal outcome, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. All values are given as number of patients (%).</p

C-reactive protein (CRP) (Mean ±SEM) levels in patients with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia (SAB) within 30 days of the positive blood culture.

<p>(A) All 430 SAB patients. (B) SAB patients with a fatal outcome within 30 days (n = 53) and survivors (n = 377). (C) Mean CRP levels stratified according to the presence (n = 351) or absence (n = 79) of deep infection focus. Stars indicate p-values of the Student’s T-test. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01 and *** p<0.001.</p

Cut-off values for C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (mg/L) and white blood cell counts (WBC) in finding patients with fatal outcome among 430 patients with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia.

<p>OR = odds ratio for fatal outcome. HR = hazard ratio for fatal outcome, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. All values are given as number of patients (%).</p

Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and white blood cell counts (WBC) with respect to 30-day mortality in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia (n = 430).

<p>The area under the curve (AUC) for CRP on the day 4 was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.55–0.76; p = 0.016) with a cut-off value of 104 mg/L with sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 55%. For CRP on the day 7 the AUC was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58–0.79; p = 0.004) with a cut-off value of 66 mg/L with sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 55% and for CRP on day 14 the AUC was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.94; p<0.0001) with a cut-off value of 61mg/L with sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 80%. The corresponding AUC for WBC on the day 4 was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.49–0.71; p = 0.116) with a cut-off value of 8.0 x10⁹/L with sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 41%. For WBC on the day 7 the AUC was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.62–0.78; p = 0.002) with a cut-off value of 9.8 x10⁹/L with sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 62%. For WBC on the day 14 the AUC was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70–0.92; p<0.0001) with a cut-off value of 8.6 x10⁹/L with sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 78%.</p

Plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in patients admitted to emergency room with suspected infection stratified by diagnosis groups (N = 537).

a<p>SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome): At least two of the following conditions. 1. Temperature >38°C OR <36°C, 2. Heart rate >90 beats per minute. 3. Respiratory rate >20 breaths per minute or PaCO2<32 mmHg (4.3 kPa). 4. White blood cell count >12×10⁹/l or <4×10⁹/l or >10% immature (band) forms).</p>b<p>Documented bacterial infection: Microbiologically confirmed bacterial infection (either pathogenic bacterial growth in blood culture or in normally sterile tissue or the same usually less pathogenic bacterium (e.g. Staphylococcus epidermidis) in two different samples).</p>c<p>Probable bacterial infection: A clinician suspected bacterial infection and either infection focus was confirmed or antimicrobial treatment was started and the response to treatment supported bacterial infection.</p><p>Differences between the five groups were studied using Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.001).</p

Demographics of study population (N = 537).

a<p>body mass index. Data available on 390 patients.</p>b<p>alcoholism was diagnosed or patient had previously been treated for alcohol-induced disease.</p>c<p>plasma creatinine concentration constantly more than 170 µmol/l (5 patients had chronic dialysis treatment).</p>d<p>continuous medication for cardiovascular disease (i.e. hypertension, arteriosclerosis or other cardiovascular disease).</p>e<p>continuous medication for asthma or COPD.</p>f<p>joint or heart valve prosthesis or pace-maker (does not include dental implants).</p>g<p>continuous medication for a chronic disease.</p>h<p>continuous systemic cortisone treatment (daily dose more than 10 mg of oral prednisolone).</p>i<p>Blood cultures were taken from 536 patients.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for plasma levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) detected on admission in relation to severe sepsis and case fatality (d28) in patients with suspected infection.

<p>AUC (ROC) (95% confidence interval, p<0.001.</p

Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the independent predictive value of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and procalcitonin (PCT) for 28-d case fatality.

a<p>alcoholism was diagnosed or patient had been treated for alcohol-induced disease previously.</p>b<p>continuous systemic cortisone treatment (daily dose more than 10 mg of oral prednisolone).</p><p>The optimal cut-offs for parameters were estimated using ROC curve analysis and Youden's index.</p