Effects of pruning on height and diameter growth at stone pine (pinus pinea L.) afforestations

Bartın-Karaçaydere yöresindeki fıstıkçamı ağaçlandırmalarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, budama uygulamalarının 5. yılsonunda fıstıkçamı bireylerinin boy ve çap gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Ölçüm ve tespitlerden elde edilen bulgulara göre, boy ve çap gelişimi yönünden budama yapılan ağaçlar ile yapılmayan ağaçlar arasında P0.05 ve P0.01 güven düzeyinde anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda 18. yılsonunda, budama yapılmayan fıstıkçamı ağaçlarının ortalama boyu 8,3 m ve budama yapılan fıstıkçamı ağaçlarının ortalama boyu 10,5 m olarak ölçülmüştür. Budama yapılmayan fıstıkçamı bireylerinin ortalama çapı 24,2 cm, budama yapılan ağaçların ortalama çapı ise 36,3 cm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar budama uygulamalarının fıstıkçamının boy ve çap gelişimi üzerinde olumlu etki yaptığını göstermektedir.In this study which was carried out in the stone pine afforestations in Bartın-Karaçaydere district, the effects of purning applications on height and diameter growth of stone pine trees at the end of the 5 {th} year following the purining were investigated. According to results obtained from measurements and determinations, it was determined that there were significant differences between the pruned and control trees in terms of height and diameter at P<0.05 and P<0.01 significance levels respectively. At the end of the 18 {th} year, the mean height of control stone pine trees was 8,3 m and pruned trees was 10,5 m respectively. The mean diameter of control stone pine trees was 24,2 cm and pruned trees was 36,3 cm respectively. These results showed that pruning applications had a positive effect on the height and diameter growth of stone pine

Investigations on propagation by grafting of blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.)

Bu çalışmada, peyzaj uygulamalarında çokça kullanılan ve ithal bir tür olan Picea pungens "Hoopsii" nin aşı ile üretiminde, Avrupa ladini (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) ve doğu ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) fidanlarının altlık olarak kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 21 ve 20 yaşındaki fidanlar altlık olarak kullanılmıştır. Farklı aşı tekniği olarak uygulanan yarma ve yanaştırma aşının ve ayrıca aşı yerine macun sürülüp sürülmemesinin de etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre aşı başarısı; yarma aşıda %60, yanaştırma aşıda da %55 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, aşı macununun aşı başarısını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. En yüksek aşı başarısı da %87 ile yarma aşı tekniğinin uygulandığı 21 yaşlı Avrupa ladini altlıklarının kullanıldığı ve aşı yerine aşı macunu sürüldüğü denemelerde elde edilmiştir.Blue spruce (Picea pungens cv. "Hoopsii") is exotic to Turkey and widely used in landscape applications. In this study, grafting of blue spruce onto the rootstock of Norway spruce (P. abies) and oriental spruce (P. orientalis) were studied. For this reason, the rootstock of 21 and 20 aged were used. Moreover, the effects of different grafting types as cleft and veneer graft techniques, and the effect of grafting wax were also investigated. According to results, 60 % of success rate for cleft graft, and 55 % of success rate for veneer graft were obtained. Moreover, the effect of grafting wax also increased the grafting success significantly. The highest success rate as 87 % was obtained for the applied of cleft grafting techniques, used to the 21 aged rootstocks of Norway spruce and treated to grafting wax

Effects of seed coat colour on seed characteristics of honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos)

Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) seeds have hard seed coats of different colours that affect duration of dormancy. This study investigated the effects of seed coat colour on water uptake, germination, and quantity of seed parts. The results show that seed coat colour had a significant effect on seed moisture content, seed coat weight, endosperm weight, water uptake, and germination. However, the quantity of embryos having seed coats of various colours did not differ significantly. Seeds with a yellow seed coat contained the most moisture and had the highest water uptake, even though yellow seed coats were thicker than other coat colours. Yellow-coated seeds showed 100\% imbibition after 48 h and also the highest germination (95\%). As honeylocust seed coats darken, it slows down seed germination. This research suggests that yellow-coated honeylocust seeds should be recommended for nursery cultivation

Breaking Seed Dormancy of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo)

This Study was conducted to break dormancy and enhancing germination of Arbutus unedo seeds. With this aim, seeds prior to sowings were treated as follows: stratification of the seeds at 4 degrees C for 15, 30, 60 and 90 days, soaking in 50 and 100 mg per 100 mL Polystimulin (PS) or indole butyric acid (IBA) for 48 h. Results indicated that the highest germination rate, which was 92\%. was obtained by stratification at 4 degrees C for 60 days treatment and soaking the seeds in 50 mg per 100 mL PS for 48 h treatment. The stratification temperature of 9 degrees C was more effective than 4 degrees C. Breaking dormancy for A. unedo seeds should be used to stratification for 60 days and application to PS hormone at lower doses. (c) 2010 Friends Science Publisher

Chemical effects on controlling of Rhododendron ponticum L. in western black sea forest region of Turkey

Rhododendrons impair the natural and artificial regeneration and seedling growth in the pure and mixed forest stands in Turkey. To control the rhododendrons by employing the sprout-less herbicide applicator (SLHA) is the main goal of this study. Two studies were conducted in the western black sea region of Turkey. Each study area was selected from natural mixed stands of beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and each one contained 30 sampling plots; roundup (R) (glyphosate) and Arsenal (R) (imazapyr) herbicides were used in different concentrations. Measurements were performed after the treatment on dead, dying and active stumps; average stump height and diameter, weak/very weak and active re-sprouts, average sprout's diameter and height from every stump cut. Recovery or re-growth potential (vigor index) and basal area reduction of every stump were also calculated in every plot. The treatment efficacy was tested by using the vigor index values. Multiple variance analysis showed that SLHA treatment was very effective in reducing basal area of Rhododendron ponticum at the end of the second growing years after treatment. This means that the sprout-less herbicide applicator seems to perform well in reducing the rhododendron competition to the point of enhancing the establishment of commercial forest species. In addition, no mechanical problems were encountered in the study areas during the herbicide application process

Drawing stand profiles by a computer programme

A stand profile contains silvicultural and yieldelements like stand density, crown closure, slope,exposure, relief, stand canopy projections,regeneration success, diameter, height andincrement. Such as stated above, stand profiles thathave wide contents, in practice, provide importantclues at choosing and applying methods, and forman important ground to carry out more truth andproductive studies, putting forward structural stateof a stand with the stand profile previously, obtainsadvantages in cases of choosing a method andmonitoring effects of the method on the standstructure and reduces faults