LAS CONCESIONES MINERAS Y SU AFECTACIÓN A LOS BIENES NATURALES ASOCIADOS AL AGUA, EN LA CABECERA DE CUENCA DEL CCARHUARAZO, REGIÓN AYACUCHO

El presente trabajo de investigación está relacionado con Las Concesiones Mineras y su Afectación a los Bienes Naturales Asociados al Agua, en la Cabecera de cuenca del Ccarhuarazo, ubicado en las provincias de Sucre y Lucanas. Esta investigación está conformada por cinco capítulos, en el primer capítulo se realizará la descripción del problema, justificación, limitaciones y viabilidad de la investigación, y se dará a conocer el concepto de las concesiones y actividades mineras en cabeceras de cuencas, en el segundo capítulo se dará a conocer los antecedentes de las actividades mineras en cabeceras de cuencas o problemas similares con la afectación al agua a nivel nacional e internacional, junto con el análisis y comentario del Tesista, para poner en conocimiento que esta problemática no sólo existe en nuestra región Ayacucho, sino que se está convirtiendo en un problema socioambiental a nivel nacional e internacional, ya que las poblaciones y comunidades con justo derecho reclaman que se respeten uno de sus derechos fundamentales como es: que no contaminen y envenenen sus aguas. En las bases teóricas se dará a conocer las respectivas variables, independientes y dependientes de la presente investigación, la legislación nacional y comparada con respecto al agua y recursos hídricos, definiciones conceptuales e hipótesis de la investigación. En el tercer capítulo nos referimos al tipo de investigación, enfoque, alcance, diseño, población y muestra, técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos, técnicas para el procesamiento y análisis de la información. En el cuarto capítulo, analizamos los resultados de las encuestas y entrevistas realizadas en la presente investigación, representados con sus respectivos cuadros y gráficos debidamente interpretados. Para concluir, en el quinto capítulo hablaremos sobre la contrastación de los resultados del trabajo de investigación, conclusiones, recomendaciones y sobre las posibles soluciones y alternativas a esta problemática de nuestra sociedad, nuestro país, el mundo y la humanidad.Tesi

Development Of Free-Metal Electrocatalyst From Inexpensive Sources Of Carbon: A Novel Electrode Material for Cathode Reaction in PEM Fuel Cells

Recently, free noble metal electrocatalysts have been obtained, which are capable of carrying out the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with comparable performance to Pt. These novel electrocatalysts are doped nanostructured carbon (ej. nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes N-NTC and nitrogen doped reduced graphene, N-rG). Nowadays, the synthesis of these nanostructured materials has several technological challenges, because it production is still expensive and has a significant environmental impact. In this work, we have obtained novel metal-free electrocatalysts from two different inexpensive carbon source: i) an organic waste and ii) mineral coal from Sabinas region in Coahuila Mexico. These electrocatalysts have a significantly lower cost than conventional platinum-based electrocatalysts or than nanostructured carbon free-metal catalyst. The results show that these electrocatalysts are an inexpensive, environmental friendly and promising alternative for use as cathodes in PEMFC

Influence of the management of the innovation in the business performance of the family business: Application to the printing sector in Colombia

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the impacts of innovation on business performance between family and non-family businesses differ within the Colombian Graphic Sector. The study academically allows to deepen the way in which the familiar companies carry out the processes and the generation of capacities for the innovation, This is complemented very well with the proposal of quantitative models applied to the innovation management carried out by these companies, which makes an important contribution in the knowledge of these, since family businesses are considered by most countries as the main driver of their economies [1–5]. On the other hand, it is considered that family businesses, which constitute between 80 and 90% of companies worldwide, are an important driver of GDP and employment growth [6]. This research is a retrospective study on the organizational performance of the Graphic Sector companies in Colombia. Information was obtained from 107 companies regarding the variables: sales, operating expenses, sales expenses, non-operational expenses, sales costs and service provision, total equity and net profit before taxes, between 2006 and 2012. Subsequently, in 2016 a representative sample of 104 companies was taken and a questionnaire was carried out to obtain specific information about them, such as example, if they are familiar, the product type and information related to the innovation management they develop. To measure organizational performance, the ROA and ROE financial indices are calculated annuall

Structural conformation and self‐assembly process of p31‐43 gliadin peptide in aqueous solution. Implications for celiac disease

Celiac Disease (CeD) is a highly prevalent chronic immune-mediated enteropathy developed in genetically predisposed individuals after ingestion of a group of wheat proteins (called gliadins and glutenins). The 13mer α-gliadin peptide, p31-43, induces proinflammatory responses, observed by in vitro assays and animal models, that may contribute to innate immune mechanisms of CeD pathogenesis. Since a cellular receptor for p31-43 has not been identified, this raises the question of whether this peptide could mediate different biological effects. In this work, we aimed to characterize the p31-43 secondary structure by different biophysical and in silico techniques. By Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and using an oligomer/fibril-sensitive fluorescent probe, we showed the presence of oligomers of this peptide in solution. Furthermore, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis showed p31-43 oligomers with different height distribution. Also, peptide concentration had a very strong influence on peptide self-organization process. Oligomers gradually increased their size at lower concentration. Whereas, at higher ones, oligomers increased their complexity, forming branched structures. By Circular Dichroism, we observed that p31-43 self-organized in a poly-proline II conformation in equilibrium with βsheets-like structures, whose pH remained stable in the range of 3 to 8. In addition, these findings were supported by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. The formation of p31-43 nanostructures with increased β-sheet structure may help to explain the molecular etiopathogenesis in the induction of pro-inflammatory effects and subsequent damage at the intestinal mucosa in CeD.Fil: Herrera, Maria Georgina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Castro, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, Eduardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Barrera Guisasola, Exequiel Ernesto. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; Uruguay. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dodero, Veronica Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universitat Bielefeld; AlemaniaFil: Pantano Gutierrez, Sergio Fabian. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Chirdo, Fernando Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos; Argentin

Propuesta de Supply Chain Management y Logística para la empresa Cemex planta Caracolito

Anexo 1. Cuadro comparativo de Colombia Vs demás países con base en el LPI del Banco Mundial, Anexo 2. Instrumento para recolección de la información dentro de Cemex, planta Caracolito, Anexo 3. Diagnóstico de la situación actual a partir de la información recolectada, Anexo 4. Encuesta situación aprovisionamiento plante Caracolito, Anexo 5. Propuesta de estrategia de gestión de inventarios, Anexo 6. Evaluación de proveedores., Anexo 7. Formato calificación en propuesta de aprovisionamiento., Anexo 8. Modos y medios de transporte en planta Caracolito.El presente trabajo se encuentra dividido en doce capítulos, el primero versa sobre la configuración de la red de suministro para la empresa Cemex planta Caracolito, donde se realizó un análisis de la configuración de la red de suministros así como la identificación de los tipos de vínculos de procesos que existen en la compañía; en el segundo capítulo se hace un análisis de procesos con un enfoque del Global Supply Chain Forum, en el tercer capítulo se vuelven a estudiar y revisar los procesos de suministro de la compañía, esta vez desde un enfoque de APICS – SCOR; el cuarto capitulo toca el tema de identificación de los flujos que se evidencias en la cadena de suministro de la compañía, realizando su respectivo análisis de flujos; en el capítulo quinto se realiza un estudio comparativo de Colombia ante el mundo conforme a los datos LPI del Banco Mundial; en el capítulo sexto se realiza un estudio sobre los elementos fundamentales de la polínica nacional logística contenida en el CONPES 3982; en el capítulo séptimo se realiza una análisis de causas en Cemex planta Caracolito en lo que respecta al Efecto Látigo; en los capítulos octavo, noveno y décimo se realiza un análisis de la situación actual de la gestión de inventarios, de ventajas y desventajas de centralizar o descentralizar los inventarios, así como la situación actual del almacén o centro de distribución, revisión del proceso de aprovisionamiento y de selección y evaluación de proveedores; en el capítulo once se realiza nuevo análisis de los procesos logísticos de distribución, incluyendo análisis de modos y medios de transporte, finalmente; en el capítulo doce se realiza una aproximación a las mega tendencia en Supply Chain Management y Logística , identificado los factores críticos de éxito que dificultan la implementación de dichas mega tendencias en las empresas colombianas.This work is divided into twelve chapters, the first one deals with the configuration of the supply network for the Cemex Caracolito plant, where an analysis of the configuration of the supply network was made as well as the identification of the types of process links that exist in the company; in the second chapter a process analysis is made with a Global Supply Chain Forum approach; in the third chapter the company's supply processes are studied and reviewed again, this time from an APICS - SCOR approach; the fourth chapter deals with the identification of the flows that are evidenced in the company's supply chain, making its respective flow analysis; in the fifth chapter a comparative study of Colombia compared to the world is made according to the LPI data of the World Bank; in chapter six a study is made on the fundamental elements of the national logistics policy contained in CONPES 3982; in chapter seven an analysis of causes in Cemex Caracolito plant regarding the Whip Effect is made; chapters eight, nine and ten analyze the current situation of inventory management, the advantages and disadvantages of centralizing or decentralizing inventories, as well as the current situation of the warehouse or distribution center, a review of the procurement process and the selection and evaluation of suppliers; In chapter eleven, a new analysis of distribution logistics processes is made, including analysis of modes and means of transportation. Finally, in chapter twelve, an approach to the mega trends in Supply Chain Management and Logistics is made, identifying the critical success factors that hinder the implementation of these mega trends in Colombian companies

Ileal apparent and standardized amino acid digestibility of soybean and colza meal in diets for finishing pigs

Agri-food chains generate by-products such as soybean and colza meal for animal feed. Their nutritional value is variable and should be analysed for better quality control before their inclusion in balanced diets. The objective was to determine the content and ileal apparent and standardized digestibility of protein and amino acids (AA) of soybean (PS) and colza meal (PC) as a source of protein in diets for finishing pigs. The experimental units were arranged in a 3×3 Latin square design repeated. The treatments (T) were T1: PS+corn starch, T2: PC+corn starch, and T3: corn starch (Control), which were randomly assigned to six pigs cannulated in distal ileum (PV 75±1.2 kg). The variables were contents and apparent ileal and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean and colza meal. To determine digestibility, chromic oxide was added to the diets. The protein and fat contents were higher in the soybean meal. Ash, crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, phosphorus and calcium contents were higher in the colza meal. Essential amino acid content was higher in soybean meal, but methionine was higher in colza meal. Apparent ileal digestibility (DIA) of total amino acids was similar (p > 0.05) among protein ingredients; but for lysine and threonine it was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in soybean meal, except methionine. Methionine DIA was 89.78 %, 3.88 % higher (p ≤ 0.05) in colza meal. Standardized ileal digestibility (DIE) of total amino acids was similar (p > 0.05) among ingredients, but lysine and threonine were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in soybean meal. DIE was different (p ≤ 0.05) among ingredients for all amino acids except methionine. Ileal and standardized digestibility of all amino acids were higher in soybean meal, except methionine, which was higher in colza meal. The DIA of total amino acids was similar in both protein ingredients, except lysine and threonine in soybean meal and methionine in colza meal

Available bandwidth estimation metrics as tools to evaluate network trunk links

Nowadays the platform par excellence for the development of all telecommunication activities is the Internet; and its infrastructure is facing new challenges every day due to the growth in demand for more content, such as streaming video, storage, and cloud processing. Also, to maintain optimal levels of service quality, network applications demand more telecommunication resources. Similarly, the network infrastructures that support these applications have evolved, and demand greater and more efficient management of the trunk links, which play a primary role in sustaining services. Therefore, this paper presents the performance evaluation of trunk, wired and wireless links in a heterogeneous computer network infrastructure, using available bandwidth estimation tools such as IGI, Pathload, and Traceband. Thus, for the experimental evaluation of the trunk links, two real network scenarios were implemented, where crosstraffic was generated in a synthetic way using the Mgen tool. Consequently, this study allowed verifying in other aspects; that the metrics of the estimation tools can be used to evaluate and know the performance of wired and wireless trunk links, which can be reliable up to 96% for network administrative tasks

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio

Evaluation of the optimal dose of gibberellic acid (Full gib) in the induction of sprouting of yungay potato variety tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.)

This research was carried out in the district of Luya, province of Chachapoyas, Amazonas, with the objective of evaluating the optimal dose of gibberellic acid (Full Gib) in the induction of sprouting of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) Yungay variety. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors three replications and seven treatments was used. Minitat 17 statistical software, ANOVA, and the Tukey mean comparison test at 5% were used for data analysis. The treatments were: Nothing was applied (T1), 7.5 mL of Full Gib in 20 L of water, for 15 min (T2), 7.5 mL of Full Gib in 20 L of water, for 20 min (T3), 10 mL of full Gib in 20 L of water, for 15 min (T4), 10 mL of full Gib in 20 L of water, for 20 min (T5), 12. 5 mL of full Gib in 20 L of water, for 15 min (T6), 12.5 mL of full Gib in 20 L of water, for 20 min (T7). The variables evaluated were: Sprouting percentage, number of sprouts, sprout length, and sprout diameter per tuber. According to the results obtained, it can be observed that treatments 5 and 3 obtained the highest germination percentages with 86.17 and 85.67%, respectively, surpassing the other treatments; there were no significant differences between treatments in the number of sprouts per tuber. Treatments 5, 3, and 4 were better, with results of 8.93, 8.83, and 8.68, respectively; on the other hand, the variable shoot length obtained the best results in treatments 5 and 3 with 7.69 and 7.50 cm, respectively. Similarly, the shoot diameter variable had positive results in treatments 3 and 5 with 6.0 and 5.9 mm, respectively

Individual and combined effects of chemical and mechanical power on postoperative pulmonary complications: a secondary analysis of the REPEAT study

Introduction: Intra-operative supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation expose the lungs to potentially injurious energy. This can be quantified as 'chemical power' and 'mechanical power', respectively. In this study, we sought to determine if intra-operative chemical and mechanical power, individually and/or in combination, are associated with postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods: Using an individual patient data analysis of three randomised clinical trials of intra-operative ventilation, we summarised intra-operative chemical and mechanical power using time-weighted averages. We evaluated the association between intra-operative chemical and mechanical power and a collapsed composite of postoperative pulmonary complications using multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios related to the effect of 1 J.min-1 increase in chemical or mechanical power with adjustment for demographic and intra-operative characteristics. We also included an interaction term to assess for potential synergistic effects of chemical and mechanical power on postoperative pulmonary complications. Results: Of 3837 patients recruited to three individual trials, 2492 with full datasets were included in the analysis. Intra-operative time-weighted average (SD) chemical power was 10.2 (3.9) J.min-1 and mechanical power was 10.5 (4.4) J.min-1. An increase of 1 J.min-1 in chemical power was associated with 8% higher odds of postoperative pulmonary complications (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.05-1.10, p < 0.001), while the same increase in mechanical power raised odds by 5% (OR 1.05, 95%CI 1.02-1.08, p = 0.003). We did not find evidence of a significant interaction between chemical and mechanical power (p = 0.40), suggestive of an additive rather than synergistic effect on postoperative pulmonary complications. Discussion: Both chemical and mechanical power are independently associated with postoperative pulmonary complications. Further work is required to determine causality