Types of parent-child relationship and indicators of neuropsychological development of preschool children

Introduction: During the last 20 years, in Russia and in many EU countries, there has been significant change in the global social and cultural situation.  Individualistic tendencies rose sharply and there is a widespread destruction of the sense of belonging.  In this regard, the type of parent-child relationship is changing, which is one of the key dimension of the neuropsychological development of children.  There is a logical question for psychologists, teachers and parents, what types of parent-child relationships are constructive, that is, they favor normal neuropsychological development of children of preschool age (6-7 years).   Purpose: The purpose of the present work is to investigate correlation between types of parent-child relationships and indicators of neuropsychological development of children, as well as identifying constructive types of parent-child relationships for the normal neuropsychological development of children. Methodology: The study was conducted within the framework of the basic screening program (pre-school stage). The Order of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation of 03.07.2000 ? 241 On approval of the Medical card of the child for educational institutions (together with the Instruction on the procedure of an accounting form ? 026/u-2000 (The Medical card of the child for educational institutions of preschool, primary, basic, secondary (complete) general education, primary and secondary vocational education, orphanages and boarding schools). Determination of the correspondence of neuropsychological development to the child's age was carried out according to the following indicators: thinking and speech; attention and memory; positive emotions and social contacts; sensorimotor development. Types of parental relationship was studied using the methodology of the Questionnaire “Parental relationship” (QPR), A.Y. Varga, V.V. Stolin. The sample was formed from 94 respondents who were screened in the framework of the basic screening program (preschool stage) at the health Center of the MC “Gubernia” in Novosibirsk. The study of determination of the type of parent-child relationship of 47 respondents (mothers) was conducted and the neuropsychic development of 47 children of preschool age in the families (6-7 years) was evaluated. Results and Discussion: The data obtained indicate that different types of parent-child relationship such as “Cooperation” and “Symbiosis” positively interrelated with different indicators (attention and memory; the development of positive emotions and the presence of significant experiences in children) of the child's neuropsychological development. Such types of parent-child relationship as “Infantilism” and “Acceptance-rejection” negatively interrelated with such indicators of child's neuropsychological development as attention and memory; thinking, speech and positive emotions and social contacts. Conclusion: Children in groups with a more “constructive” parental relationship type have higher cognitive scores and fewer behavioral problems. The materials of the study can be used by child psychologists in the evaluation of neuropsychological development of the child. The Bank of diagnostic techniques that quickly allow diagnosing the state of neuropsychic development of the child in relation to the type of parental relations and thereby increasing the effectiveness of its correction through work with parents is of practical importanc

The proton electrochemical gradient induces a kinetic asymmetry in the symport cycle of LacY.

LacY catalyzes accumulation of galactosides against a concentration gradient by coupling galactoside and H+ transport (i.e., symport). While alternating access of sugar- and H+-binding sites to either side of the membrane is driven by binding and dissociation of sugar, the electrochemical H+ gradient ([Formula: see text]) functions kinetically by decreasing the Km for influx 50- to 100-fold with no change in Kd The affinity of protonated LacY for sugar has an apparent pK (pKapp) of ∼10.5, due specifically to the pKa of Glu325, a residue that plays an irreplaceable role in coupling. In this study, rates of lactose/H+ efflux were measured from pH 5.0 to 9.0 in the absence or presence of a membrane potential (ΔΨ, interior positive), and the effect of the imposed ΔΨ on the kinetics of efflux was also studied in right-side-out membrane vesicles. The findings reveal that [Formula: see text] induces an asymmetry in the transport cycle based on the following observations: 1) the efflux rate of WT LacY exhibits a pKapp of ∼7.2 that is unaffected by the imposed ΔΨ; 2) ΔΨ increases the rate of efflux at all tested pH values, but enhancement is almost 2 orders of magnitude less than observed for influx; 3) mutant Glu325 - Ala does little or no efflux in the absence or presence of ΔΨ, and ambient pH has no effect; and 4) the effect of ΔΨ (interior positive) on the Km for efflux is almost insignificant relative to the 50- to 100-fold decrease in the Km for influx driven by ΔΨ (interior negative)

К вопросу о причастном функционировании -л-формы в истории русского языка в свете русских диалектных данных и инославянского материала

The article analyzes the hypothesis about the participial functioning of the l form in the history of the Russian language in the light of Russian dialectal data and the material of other Slavic languages. Many facts that confirm this hypothesis are found in both Russian dialects and Slavic languages. The first part of the paper discusses the functioning of participles in the dialect of the Opotchesky district of the Pskov region and provides the comparative analysis of the functions of the participle in the examined dialect and the l-form in the Old Russian chronicles. As the material shows, the analyzed forms have much in common, which testifies to the participial role that the l-form used to take. The second part of the paper answers some remarks made in a recent paper by M. Sheveleva by providing other facts from the history of the Russian language, Russian and other Slavic dialects, which are relevant to the correct understanding of the evolution of the l-form. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.10The article analyzes the hypothesis about the participial functioning of the l form in the history of the Russian language in the light of Russian dialectal data and the material of other Slavic languages. Many facts that confirm this hypothesis are found in both Russian dialects and Slavic languages. The first part of the paper discusses the functioning of participles in the dialect of the Opotchesky district of the Pskov region and provides the comparative analysis of the functions of the participle in the examined dialect and the l-form in the Old Russian chronicles. As the material shows, the analyzed forms have much in common, which testifies to the participial role that the l-form used to take. The second part of the paper answers some remarks made in a recent paper by M. Sheveleva by providing other facts from the history of the Russian language, Russian and other Slavic dialects, which are relevant to the correct understanding of the evolution of the l-form. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.10В статье рассматривается гипотеза о причастном функционировании -л-формы в истории русского языка в свете русских диалектных данных и инославянского материала. Как в русских диалектах, так и в других славянских языках обнаруживается множество фактов, подтверждающих обсуждаемую гипотезу. В первой части статьи исследуется функционирование причастий в говоре Опочецкого района Псковской области и проводится сопоставительный анализ функций причастий в рассматриваемом диалекте и -л-формы в древне- и старорусских летописях. Как показывает материал, у анализируемых форм много общего, что свидетельствует в пользу предположения о некогда причастном характере -л-формы. Во второй части статьи в рамках ответов на сделанные в недавней статье М. Н. Шевелевой замечания приводятся другие, релевантные для корректного понимания развития -л-формы факты из истории русского языка, русских и инославянских диалектов. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.1

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА У ЛИЦ С РАЗНЫМИ ТИПАМИ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ГРАНИЦ

This article is devoted to the current socio-psychological problem seen as peculiarities of personal emotional intelligence with different types of psychological boundaries in the youth. In general terms, the author refers to the psychological boundaries as «Ego» functions, which are aimed at delimiting «my own» from «other», emphasizing the identical and protecting it from the non-identical. Psychological boundaries are considered to be the decisive factor for development, transformation and functioning of emotional intelligence, as a personal phenomenon. Emotional intelligence is considered by the author as a set of abilities to understand, call and recognize emotions. Being a system of affective and cognitive representations, emotional intelligence functions on the borderline of internal and external space. Empirical research is based on key psychological principles: the principle of consistency and the principle of the unity of external influences and internal conditions. We used the following methods and procedures in our study: «Boundaries in the mind» by E. Hartmann, in adaptation of O.A. Shamshikova, V. I. Volokhovoy, 2013; «Self boundary» N. Brown, in adaptation of E. O. Shamshikova, 2010; Emotional Intelligence («EQ») Test by N. Hall in adaptation of E.I. Ilyin, 2001; Emotional Intelligence («EmIn») Test by D. Lusin, 2006. The selection of the study included 58 respondents aged from 23 to 35 y.o. The study consisted of two phases. The first is aimed at establishing the existence of interrelation between personal psychological boundaries and emotional intelligence (for data processing we used Spearman»s rs rang correlation coefficient), the second is aimed at identifying the significant differences of personal emotional intelligence with different types of psychological boundaries (U-Manna Whitney). The study has demonstrated that the better psychological boundaries are formed, the higher is a degree personality»s ability to understand own emotions and emotions of others, as well as to manage these emotions. The highest rates of emotional intelligence are found in individuals with medium level of psychological distntsy.Данная статья посвящена актуальной социально-психологической проблеме, связанной с особенностями эмоционального интеллекта у лиц с разными типами психологических границ в возрасте молодости. В общем виде под психологическими границами автором понимаются функции «Я», направленные на отграничение «своего собственного» от «иного», акцентируя идентичное и защищая его от неидентичного. Психологические границы выступают решающим фактором для развития, трансформации и функционирования эмоционального интеллекта как личностного феномена. Эмоциональный интеллект рассматривается автором как совокупность способностей понимать, называть и распознавать эмоции. Являясь системой аффективных и когнитивных представлений, эмоциональный интеллект функционирует на границе внутреннего и внешнего пространства. Эмпирическое исследование базируется на друх ключевых принципах психологии: принципе системности и принципе единства внешних воздействий и внутренних условий. В исследовании используются следующие методики: «Психологические границы личности» Э. Хартманна в адаптации О. А. Шамшиковой, В. И. Волоховой, 2013 г.; «Границы Я» Н. Браун в адаптации Е. О. Шамшиковой, 2010 г.; Опросник Н. Холла – методика оценки эмоционального интеллекта в адаптации Е.И. Ильина, 2001 г.; Тест эмоционального интеллекта Д.В. Люсина (ЭМИН), 2006 г. В нем приняли участие 58 респондентов в возрасте молодости: от 23 до 35 лет. Исследование состояло из двух этапов. Первый – направлен на установление наличия взаимосвязей между психологическими границами личности и эмоциональным интеллектом (математическая обработка данных проводилась с применением рангового коэффициента корреляции rs-Спирмена), второй – на выявление особенностей эмоционального интеллекта у лиц с разными типами психологических границ (критерий значимости различий U-Манна Уитни). В результате исследования было выявлено, что чем лучше сформированы психологические границы, тем выше способность личности распознавать свои эмоциональные состояния и понимать эмоциональные состояния других людей. Наиболее высокие показатели эмоционального интеллекта обнаружены у лиц со средним уровнем психологической дистанции

Insights into VDAC Gating: Room-Temperature X-ray Crystal Structure of mVDAC-1

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is a crucial mitochondrial protein that facilitates ion and metabolite exchange between mitochondria and the cytosol. Initially characterized over three decades ago, the structure of VDAC-1 was resolved in 2008, revealing a novel β-barrel protein architecture. This study presents the first room-temperature crystal structure of mouse VDAC-1 (mVDAC-1), which is a significant step toward understanding the channel's gating mechanism. The new structure, obtained at a 3.3 Å resolution, demonstrates notable differences from the previously determined cryogenic structure, particularly in the loop regions, which may be critical for the transition between the 'open' and 'closed' states of VDAC-1. Comparative analysis of the root-mean-square deviation (R.M.S.D.) and B-factors between the cryogenic and room-temperature structures suggests that these conformational differences, although subtle, are important for VDAC's functional transitions. The application of electric field-stimulated X-ray crystallography (EF-X) is proposed as a future direction to resolve the 'closed' state of VDAC-1 by inducing voltage-driven conformational changes in order to elucidate the dynamic gating mechanism of VDAC-1. Our findings have profound implications for understanding the molecular basis of VDAC's role in mitochondrial function and its regulation under physiological conditions

QAIDS Model Based on Russian Pseudo - Panel Data: Impact of 1998 and 2008 Crises

The aim of this work is to compare shifts in the consumer behaviour of Russian households since the mid - nineties till nowadays. The research considers the consumer behaviour of the Russians over almost the maximum possible available data RLMS period, focusing on the crisis years. Special attention is paid to analysis of the effects of crises in 1998 and 2008. To reveal effects as shifts in consumer behaviour in the aftermath of two crises panel data analysis is used to estimate QAIDS model. Due to the complete sample attrition observed in RLMS dataset since 1994, pseudo-panel approach is used