Perbandingan uji diagnostik GeneXpert MTB/RIF untuk mendeteksi resistensi rifampicin Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada pasien Tb paru di RSUP dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang

Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah global. TB menduduki peringkat kedua penyebab kematian dari seluruh penyakit infeksi di dunia. Kelemahan dalam mendiagnosis dan pengobatan cepat selain dapat berdampak pada pasien, juga terhadap perkembangan resistensi sekunder dan penyebaran dari penyakit ini. Sebagai alternatif, teknik molekuler diagnostik dapat mempercepat TAT dan meningkatkan sensitifitas dan spesifisitas. Tes GeneXpert MTB/RIF merupakan mesin otomatis dengan penggunaan mudah dan cepat yang menggunakan prinsip nested real-time PCR dan teknologi molekuler untuk mendeteksi M. tuberculosis (MTB) dan resistensi obat rifampicin (RIF). Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik di laboratorium dengan pendekatan purposive sampling. Penilaian hasil  sensitivitas dan spesifisitas GE memiliki nilai 97% dan 93% terhadap mikroskopis BTA; Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas GE memiliki nilai 97% dan 62% terhadap kultur MTBC; Persentase deteksi Rifampisin resisten pada GE sebesar 167(31%) lebih tinggi dari pada kultur MTBC sebesar 103(21.7%); Ada 3 sampel dari 5 sampel yang hasil BTA positif dan GE negatif yang memiliki gen hsp65 yang menunjukkan adanya bakteri MOT

Growth kinetics of multiple Acinetobacter baumannii resistotype after meropenem-based antibiotic combination exposure [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Carbapenems are the treatment of choice for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections, but the emergence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) has rendered it ineffective in the vast majority of cases. Combination therapy has grown in popularity over the last decade; this study aims to analyze A.baumannii growth kinetics after exposure to meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam compared with meropenem and amikacin antibiotic combinations in clinically relevant concentrations.  Methods: This experimental laboratory study was conducted on the A. baumannii ATCC 19606 isolate and three clinical isolates that were intermediate or resistant to tested antibiotics. Meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam, as well as meropenem and amikacin, were tested at four different concentrations against isolates. Turbidity measurements were taken at predetermined time points of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours following exposure; bacterial concentration was enumerated using the agar plate method, with the results plotted in a time-kill curve.   Results: A bactericidal effect was achieved in isolates that were intermediate to ampicillin-sulbactam and resistant to meropenem after the administration of meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam combination with a concentration of 4 µg/ml and 16/8 µg/ml, respectively. The combination of meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against isolates that were resistant to both antibiotics. Isolates treated with resistant antibiotics showed an increased growth rate compared to the growth control.  Conclusion: The combination of meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam could be a promising combination therapy in treating CRAB infections. The mechanism and degree of antibiotic resistance in the isolates affect the efficacy of antibiotic combinations; further research is needed to corroborate the findings of this study

DUKUNGAN SUAMI, KELUARGA DAN TENAGA KESEHATAN DALAM PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan terbaik pada bayi 0 sampai 6 bulan. ASI dapat meningkatkan imunitas bayi sehingga menurunkan resiko bayi mengalami berbagai penyakit. Dukungan dari lingkungan sangat menentukan keberhasilan dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran dukungan suami, keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan dalam pemberian ASI pada bayi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas 23 Ilir. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey analitik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia 0-2 tahun yang tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas 23 Ilir. Analisis data statistik dalam penelitian ini menggunakan aplikasi komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya 14% ibu yang menyusui bayinya secara eksklusif. Lebih lanjut, hanya sekitar 27% ibu yang mendapat dukungan suami, 34% ibu mendapat dukungan keluarga dan 51% ibu yang mendapat dukungan tenaga kesehatan dalam pemberian ASI pada bayi. Lingkungan sekitar ibu dalam hal ini suami, keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan selayaknya menjadi support system terbesar bagi ibu dalam menyusui bayinya.Kata Kunci: ASI eksklusif, dukungan, suami, keluarga, tenaga kesehata

Vancomycin for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilm eradication is associated with the emergence of heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus aureus

Vancomycin is the first-line therapy for MRSA infections, even though the standard dose is inadequate for biofilm eradication. This study aimed to asses the efficacy of vancomycin in eradicating biofilms and the influence of exposure on the emergence of hVISA isolates. The biofilm formed by MRSA isolates was exposed to vancomycin concentrations of 1 times the MIC, 1,000 times the MIC, and 10,000 times the MIC; exposed continously for 24 hours vs intermittently for 6 hours/day for 3 days.  Measurement of the optical density of the biofilm was carried out to determine the percentage of biofilm eradication. Biofilm specimens exposed to vancomycin were subcultured onto BHIA-VC selective media to isolate hVISA. The highest biofilm eradication effect was found in isolates exposed to vancomycin at a concentration of 10,000 times the MIC. Vancomycin exposure correlated with the emergence of hVISA isolates, especially after exposure to low concentrations of vancomycin. For optimum eradication of MRSA biofilms, vancomycin concentrations exceeding 1.000 times the MIC are required. Exposure to vancomycin at a dose equal to one-times the MIC had no effect on biofilm eradication and was associated with the emergence of MRSA isolates with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin

The Efficacy of Seluang Fish Oil (Rasbora agrotynea) Related Body Weight, Lipid Profile, Adiponectin and Leptin in Wistar Rats-Induced High Fat Diet

Background Rasbora agrotynea (local name : Seluang ) is a fish native to Sumatera, Malaya and Borneo. This fish has a potential as a local wisdom for supplementation of omega 3 and omega 6. In Sumatera, Seluang fish was used as traditional food.   Aim of Study Aim of this study to explore the efficacy of seluang fish oil in body weight, lipid profile, adiponectin and leptin level in Wistar Rats-Induced High Fat Diet   Methods This study was an experimental study , pre-post test with control group design. The sample in this study was  30 male rats, 8 weeks old, weight 150-200 gram. Rats were given high fat diet and seluang fish oil  at dose of 0,1 , 0,2  and 0,4 mL/200 gr BW/day for 2 weeks. Seluang fish oil was extracted by distilation methods. The results of this study were assayed by SPSS 18.   Results Seluang fish oil 0,4 mL/200 gr BW  was more potent to reduce body weight gain, triglyseride level,  leptin and increase adiponectin level than seluang fish oil 0,1 mL/200 gr BW, 0,2 mL/200 gr BW, negative control and positive control.   Conclusion Seluang fish oil had a potention to reduce body weight, triglyceride, leptin and increase adiponectin level.   Keywords: Seluang fish Oil – body weight- triglyserida – leptin - adiponectin &nbsp