Spreadsheet used in analysis.

Data included, in columns from left to right—unique identifier, difference in the proportion of time allocated to each of the following behaviors (calculated as time spent allocated to behavior X after vehicle passage/total time after vehicle passage)—(time allocated to behavior X before vehicle passage/total time before vehicle passage): “vigilance,” “forage,” “run”; species (either white-tailed deer or elk); number of vehicles; type of vehicle; binary value for if the animal utilized the passage corridor. (CSV)</p

Change in proportion of time spent foraging, vigilant, and fleeing after vehicle passage.

Larger positive values indicate an increase in proportion of time spent in any given behavior after vehicle passage (i.e., vigilance and flight behaviors) while smaller values (i.e., negative values) indicate a reduction in the proportion of time spent in a given behavior (i.e., foraging). Significant p-values (from a one sample t-test) indicate a that the sample mean is not equal to 0. Each boxplot visualizes the median, hinges representing the 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers (i.e., the largest value that is no further than 1.5 * IQR from the hinge).</p

Results from logistic regression depicting variation in the probability of elk and deer crossing a road as a function of time allocated to vigilance & flight responses.

Values, on the X-axis larger than zero indicate an increase in vigilance and flight behavior after vehicle passage (i.e., proportion of time spent on vigilant/flight behaviors after a vehicle passes minus the proportion of time spent on vigilant/flight behaviors before a vehicle passes). Larger values on the “probability of crossing” Y-axis, and the corresponding line in the figure, indicate increased probability of using a crossing structure. Deer and elk individuals are less likely to use a crossing structure after demonstrating vigilant/flight behavior in response to a vehicle. The “frequency of crossing” Y-axis shows the distribution of vigilance/flight in animals that either used the wildlife crossing structure (top) or those that did not use the crossing structure (bottom).</p

Model results from logistic regression of mitigation structure use and behavioral response to vehicles.

Logistic regression results—probability of elk and deer crossing a road, using a wildlife underpass, as a function of species identity and the change in the proportion of time allocated to A) foraging; B) vigilance (standing and looking); and C) flight before vehicle passage compared to the proportion of time allocated after vehicle passage.</p

Model results from deer and elk behavioral response to passing vehicles.

Results from linear models examining if passing vehicles induced a change in the proportion of time deer and elk allocated to: A) foraging; B) vigilance (standing and looking); and C) flight at wildlife underpass on the Trans-Canada Highway, Banff National Park, Alberta.</p

Synthesis of Metalated Pseudorotaxane Polymers with Full Control over the Average Linear Density of Threaded Macrocycles

Here we report the synthesis of metalated main-chain polypseudorotaxanes via ring-opening olefin metathesis copolymerization of macrocycles and metalated [2]­catenanes. By varying the feed ratio of the macrocycle and the [2]­catenate comonomers, we prepared metalated pseudorotaxane polymers with selected, predictable average linear densities of threaded macrocycles that ranged from 0% to 100%, thus allowing, for the first time, both full and fine control over this key parameter

Prolactin Release by Adipose Explants, Primary Adipocytes, and LS14 Adipocytes

Background: Prolactin (PRL) is a multifunctional hormone produced in humans by both pituitary and extrapituitary sites, including adipose tissue