Photobiocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization with High Reaction Rate using a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase from Burkholderia xenovorans in Metabolically Engineered Cyanobacteria

Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) catalyze the oxidation of ketones to lactones under very mild reaction conditions. This enzymatic route is hindered by the requirement of a stoichiometric supply of auxiliary substrates for cofactor recycling and difficulties with supplying the necessary oxygen. The recombinant production of BVMO in cyanobacteria allows the substitution of auxiliary organic cosubstrates with water as an electron donor and the utilization of oxygen generated by photosynthetic water splitting. Herein, we report the identification of a BVMO from Burkholderia xenovorans (BVMOXeno) that exhibits higher reaction rates in comparison to currently identified BVMOs. We report a 10-fold increase in specific activity in comparison to cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMOAcineto) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (25 vs 2.3 U g(DCW)(-1) at an optical density of OD750 = 10) and an initial rate of 3.7 +/- 0.2 mM h(-1). While the cells containing CHMOAcineto showed a considerable reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol, this unwanted side reaction was almost completely suppressed for BVMOXeno, which was attributed to the much faster lactone formation and a 10-fold lower KM value of BVMOXeno toward cyclohexanone. Furthermore, the whole-cell catalyst showed outstanding stereoselectivity. These results show that, despite the self-shading of the cells, high specific activities can be obtained at elevated cell densities and even further increased through manipulation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC). The obtained rates of up to 3.7 mM h-1 underline the usefulness of oxygenic cyanobacteria as a chassis for enzymatic oxidation reactions. The photosynthetic oxygen evolution can contribute to alleviating the highly problematic oxygen mass-transfer limitation of oxygendependent enzymatic processes

Effect of sodium benzoate on DNA breakage, micronucleus formation and mitotic index in peripheral blood of pregnant rats and their newborns

Sodium benzoate (SB) is one of the most widely used additives in food products in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three different concentrations of SB on the DNA breakage in liver cells and on the micronuclei formation and the mitotic index in lymphocytes of pregnant rats and their fetuses, as well as to evaluate the effects of SB on the fetus development. The results showed that general genomic injuries were present in almost all the liver cell samples obtained from the SB group compared with the control (non-treated) group. This indicates that SB usage may cause DNA damage and increase micronuclei formation. We recommend that pregnant women should avoid consuming foodstuffs containing SB as an additive

Effect of sodium benzoate on DNA breakage, micronucleus formation and mitotic index in peripheral blood of pregnant rats and their newborns

Sodium benzoate (SB) is one of the most widely used additives in food products in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three different concentrations of SB on the DNA breakage in liver cells and on the micronuclei formation and the mitotic index in lymphocytes of pregnant rats and their fetuses, as well as to evaluate the effects of SB on the fetus development. The results showed that general genomic injuries were present in almost all the liver cell samples obtained from the SB group compared with the control (non-treated) group. This indicates that SB usage may cause DNA damage and increase micronuclei formation. We recommend that pregnant women should avoid consuming foodstuffs containing SB as an additive

Photobiocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization with High Reaction Rate using a Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenase from Burkholderia xenovorans in Metabolically Engineered Cyanobacteria

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