American growth and Napoleonic Wars

Four years after the French Revolution, in 1793 a series of wars among France and other major powers of Europe began and they lasted until 1815. There is disagreement among economic historians about the effects of these wars on the trend of US economic growth. This paper aims to answer the following question. Did America as a neutral nation take advantage of economic possibilities caused by Europe at war through trade? To put it differently, this paper questions whether there was an export-led growth due to the war. To answer this question, we re-examined the export-led growth hypothesis for the period 1790-1860 using the ARDL methodology. Based on this methodology, a cointegrated relationship is found among the variables of real GDP, labor, exports and exchange rates. The results suggest that the economic growth of the US was not export-driven. In addition, parallel to the results of unit root tests with structural breaks, the coefficient of the dummy variable was statistically significant in the long run, implying that the war did have a significant effect on the economic growth trend of the US

O papel mediador da regulação cognitiva das emoções no efeito do medo da Covid-19 e da percepção da morte dos funcionários da indústria do turismo no seu sofrimento psicológico

Study objective: This study aims to determine the mediator role of cognitive emotion regulation in the effect of the perception of death and fear of COVID-19 experienced by tourism sector employees on their psychological distress.Methodology/approach: The research is a cross-sectional study of quantitative research methods. The research data were collected and analyzed with the help of scales from the tourism sector employees operating in Antalya and Muğla, Turkey's tourism regions.Originality/Value: It shows that cognitive emotion regulation ability is important for tourism workers who work in close contact with tourists from different parts of the world and carry different variants of infectious diseases to cope with their psychological distress.Main results: Research results show that cognitive emotion regulation predicts psychological distress. Another finding shows that cognitive emotion regulation reduces the perception of death and fear of COVID-19 and that one psychological state also affects the other.Theoretical/methodological contributions: In the research, it can be argued that examining the four variables related to the psychological state of the tourism sector employees who come from various parts of the world and interact with people carrying different disease viruses (nowadays monkeypox) will make a significant contribution to the literature, practice and method. Objetivo del estudio: Este estudio pretende determinar el papel mediador de la regulación cognitiva emocional en el efecto de la percepción de muerte y miedo al COVID-19 que experimentan los empleados del sector turístico sobre su malestar psicológico.Metodología/ acercarse: La investigación es un estudio transversal de métodos de investigación cuantitativos. Los datos de la investigación se recopilaron y analizaron con la ayuda de escalas de los empleados del sector turístico que operan en Antalya y Muğla, que son las regiones turísticas de Turquía.Originalidad/ Relevância: Muestra que la capacidad de regulación cognitiva de las emociones es importante para los trabajadores del turismo que trabajan en estrecho contacto con turistas de diferentes partes del mundo y son portadores de diferentes variantes de enfermedades infecciosas para hacer frente a su angustia psicológica.Resultados principales: Los resultados de la investigación muestran que la regulación emocional cognitiva predice el malestar psicológico. Otro hallazgo muestra que la regulación emocional cognitiva reduce la percepción de muerte y el miedo a la COVID-19 y que un estado psicológico también afecta al otro.Aportes teóricos/metodológicos: En la investigación se puede argumentar que examinar las cuatro variables relacionadas con el estado psicológico de los empleados del sector turismo que provienen de diversas partes del mundo e interactúan con personas portadoras de diferentes virus de enfermedades (hoy viruela del simio) hará una contribución significativa a la literatura, la prácticay el método. Objetivo do estudo: Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar o papel mediador da regulação emocional cognitiva no efeito da percepção da morte e do medo da COVID-19 vivenciada por funcionários do setor de turismo em seu sofrimento psíquico.Metodologia/abordagem: A pesquisa é um estudo transversal de métodos quantitativos de pesquisa. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados e analisados com a ajuda de escalas dos funcionários do setor de turismo que operam em Antalya e Muğla, que são as regiões turísticas da Turquia.Originalidade/ Relevância: Mostra que a capacidade de regulação cognitiva da emoção é importante para os trabalhadores do turismo que trabalham em contato próximo com turistas de diferentes partes do mundo e carregam diferentes variantes de doenças infecciosas para lidar com seu sofrimento psicológico.Principais resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a regulação cognitiva da emoção prediz sofrimento psicológico. Outra descoberta mostra que a regulação das emoções cognitivas reduz a percepção de morte e medo da COVID-19 e que um estado psicológico também afeta o outro.Contribuições teórico-metodológicas: Na pesquisa, pode-se argumentar que examinar as quatro variáveis relacionadas ao estado psicológico dos funcionários do setor de turismo que vêm de várias partes do mundo e interagem com pessoas portadoras de diferentes vírus de doenças (hoje varíola dos macacos) fará com que uma contribuição significativa para a literatura, prática e método

Wind loads for stadium lighting towers according to Eurocode 1

The determination of actions on structures is an important step of in the design process. In nature, so many outer and inner actions are acting on structures continuously. The two most important ones of those actions are the earthquake and wind actions. For some structures, i.e. towers, high chimneys or lighting towers, the priority of these two severe actions can change. Wind forces can become a governing force on the design of these structures. Therefore, the determination of wind forces for these tall, slender and wind-sensitive structures becomes very important. Also, these tall and slender structures have a high ratio of height to least diameter that makes them more slender and wind-sensitive than any other structures. In this study, the determination of wind loads for a selected and modeled stadium lighting tower was given according to Eurocode 1 which is an international well-known standard. This study showed that it is difficult to calculate wind loads of stadium lighting towers according to Eurocode 1 because of the complexity of the document, insufficient explanation of some formulas like resonant response factor and unclear graph sections for the reader. This study is believed to enlighten the way of the users of Eurocode 1

Evaporative Drying of Low-Rank Coal

Low-rank coals including the brown and the subbituminous coals are commonly known to contain high moisture content (up to 65%, wet basis), which limits their utilization around the world in spite of their low cost. Today, the most of the drying technologies are based on the evaporation of the water from the moist product. In this chapter, the most effective parameters on the evaporative coal-drying process are investigated with the data in the recent literature. The effective parameters are evaluated in three categories as follows: (1) the parameters about the drying media (the type of the media, the temperature, the pressure, the velocity and the relative humidity), (2) the coal parameters (the type of the coal and the size) and (3) the drying method

REVIEW OF THE TALE “BACI BACI CAN BACI” ACCORDING TO VLADIMIR PROPP'S "FAIRY TALE ANALYSIS" METHOD

There were many narrative types in the oral tradition period when there was no written culture. One of these is the fairy tales that form the language, cultural and value judgments of the society. Fairy tales, which have an important function in the education of children today, have survived until today by being told by a narrator. As a result of research conducted both in the world and in Turkey, many fairy tales have been unearthed so far. Fairy tales, told in different ways from region to region and from region to region, vary in this respect. The imaginary elements in fairy tales, in which we can see the characteristics of the society in which they were created, are important in that they reflect the beliefs and common views that have an impact on societies. Fairy tales continue to exist today through broadcast media such as cinema and television, and they have an important place in the mental development of young children, especially. As a result of the studies carried out so far, different classifications have been made on fairy tales and tales have been divided into categories. Many researchers, especially in Europe, have conducted studies on folk narratives. Many approaches and opinions have been put forward, especially on the structure and typology of fairy tales. One of these studies belongs to Vladimir Propp, who examined the structure of fairy tales. With his work, he tried to analyze the structure of fairy tales within the framework of morphology and by formulating the structural scheme of tales, he determined that there are 31 functions in fairy tales. In this study, after mentioning Vladimir Propp's morphological method, the tale named "Bacı Bacı Can Bacı", one of the Turkish tales, will be examined according to Vladimir Propp's tale analysis method, and the functions of the tale will be determined, and its basic structure will be revealed.  Article visualizations

Posrednička uloga povjerenja u rukovoditelja u učinku percepcije rodne ravnopravnosti na prijavu seksualnog uznemiravanja na radnome mjestu

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the mediating role of trust in the manager in the effect of the perception of gender equality on sexual harassment reporting in the workplace. This research is a relational survey model based on the quantitative research method. It has been determined that participants\u27 perceptions of gender equality had a significant and positive effect on sexual harassment reporting and trust in managers. Also, a positive effect of trust in the manager on sexual harassment reporting was determined. Trust in the manager plays a mediating role in the effect of perception of gender equality on sexual harassment reporting in the workplace, implying that sexual harassment reporting in the workplace has cultural roots, such as the perception of gender equality, and trust in the manager predicts this perception.Svrha ovog istraživanja je prije svega utvrditi posredničku ulogu povjerenja u rukovoditelja u učinku percepcije rodne ravnopravnosti na prijavu seksualnog uznemiravanja na radnome mjestu. Riječ je o modelu relacijskog istraživanja koje se temelji na kvantitativnoj istraživačkoj metodi. Utvrđeno je da su percepcije sudionika o ravnopravnosti spolova imale značajan pozitivan učinak na prijavu seksualnog uznemiravanja i povjerenje u rukovoditelja. Osim toga, utvrđen je pozitivan učinak povjerenja u rukovoditelja na prijavu seksualnog uznemiravanja. Povjerenje u rukovoditelja ima posredničku ulogu u učinku percepcije rodne ravnopravnosti na prijavu seksualnog uznemiravanja na radnome mjestu. Ovaj rezultat pokazuje da prijava seksualnog uznemiravanja na radnome mjestu ima kulturološke korijene, kao što je percepcija rodne ravnopravnosti, a povjerenje u rukovoditelja predviđa tu percepciju

Does climate change affect bank lending behavior?

We examine how banks adjust credit supply in areas with higher exposure to climate risks by utilizing the province-level air pollution and loan growth data of a large emerging market, Turkey, following the Paris Agreement in 2015. Our results show that banks limit their credit extension to more polluted provinces in the post-agreement interval, implying that banks consider climate change-related risks and adjust their credit provisioning accordingly. Our baseline findings are intact against a myriad of robustness checks. We also find that the shift in the climate risk-credit provisioning nexus is asymmetric depending on the levels of air pollution.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Proposol For a Management Model For the Public Information Technologies Department

DergiPark: 246107trakyafbdBu çalışmada, günümüzde kamu bilgi işlem merkezlerinin teknik ve idari yönetim tarzları ele alınarak yaşanan sorunlar, işleyişe olan etkileri ve bunlara çözüm önerileri tartışılmıştır. Özellikle üniversite bilgi işlem daire başkanlıkları, bilgi işlem merkezleri ve diğer kamu kuruluşlarının benzer birimleri ile olan ilişkileri ele alınmış ve sorunlar irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın devamında bilgi işlem birimlerinin idari ve teknik olarak nasıl ilişkilendirilebileceği, kurumlar arasında bilgi ve iletişimin insandan olabildiğince bağımsız olarak nasıl sağlanabileceği incelenip çözüm önerileri irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda gelecekte olması beklenenler ve bu beklentilere ulaşmak için yapılaması gereken idari ve teknik düzenlemeler tartışılmıştırIn this study, the current public information processing centers of technical and administrative management styles by examining the problems, their solutions are discussed and their effects on functioning. University departments, especially information processing, data processing centers and other public institutions in their relations with similar units have been studied and discussed problems. Data processing units as a continuation of the study, how to relate to administrative and technical, information and communication among institutions as human as possible, regardless of how the recommendations were reviewed and solution can be achieved. At the end of the study are expected to be in the future and needs to be done to achieve these expectations, administrative and technical arrangements are discusse