Probióticos e prebióticos na atenção primária ao câncer de cólon

CONTEXTO: As neoplasias de cólon são a terceira forma mais comum de câncer atualmente. Seus tratamentos ainda estão associados a elevado risco de complicações, ressaltando, assim, a necessidade de elaborar novas estratégias de tratamento. A ingestão de probióticos, prebióticos ou a combinação de ambos (simbióticos), representa nova opção terapêutica. Diante da importância do equilíbrio quantitativo e qualitativo da microbiota intestinal para saúde humana e com objetivo de melhor elucidar o papel dos probióticos e prebióticos, o tema citado procura abordar a importância destes como coadjuvantes na prevenção e tratamento de câncer de cólon. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada pesquisa em bancos de dados científicos (Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Ovid, Scielo) através de levantamento de artigos científicos, além da busca direta aos periódicos, priorizando-se os mesmos do período de 2003 a 2008. Foram, também, coletadas informações através de sites da internet, como forma de melhor compreender a epidemiologia, conceitos e tratamentos dessa patologia. RESULTADOS: Estudos apontam relação inversa entre o consumo de probióticos e prebióticos e o diagnóstico de câncer de cólon, sendo que alguns dos possíveis mecanismos englobam: aumento da resposta imune, redução da resposta inflamatória, inibição de formação de células tumorais e da conversão de substâncias pré-carcinogênicas em carcinogênicas. CONCLUSÃO: Através da realização desta revisão literária foi possível obter respostas positivas quanto ao uso de probióticos e prebióticos na carcinogênese, colocando seu uso como recomendado de forma adequada.CONTEXT: Colon neoplasias are presently the third most common cancer type. Its treatment is still associated with high risk of complications, thus emphasizing the need to design new treatment strategies. The ingestion of probiotics and prebiotics, or the combination of both (symbiotics), represents a new therapeutic choice. In front of the importance among qualitative and quantitative balance in intestinal microbiota for human's health and with the purpose to evaluate the application of probiotics and prebiotics, this study tries to approach the importance of these in both the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A study was conducted on scientific databases (Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Ovid, SciELO), and a review was made of recent scientific articles in the literature, from 2003 to 2008. Additional informations were taken from sites in the internet. RESULTS: Studies point out the inverse relation between the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer diagnosis through various action mechanisms, including: immune response stimulation, reduction in inflammation, for directly inhibiting the formation of tumor cells and for converting pre-carcinogenic substances into carcinogenic ones. CONCLUSION: Through this literature review, it was possible to achieve positive answers as regards the use of probiotics and prebiotics in carcinogenesis, which can be adequately recommended

Relação de indicadores antropométricos com fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular Relación de indicadores antropométricos con factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular Relation between anthropometric indicators and risk factors for cardiovascular disease

FUNDAMENTO: Estudos têm sido realizados para identificar o melhor preditor antropométrico de doenças crônicas em diferentes populações. OBJETIVO: Verificar a relação entre medidas antropométricas e fatores de risco (perfil lipídico e pressão arterial) para doenças cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 180 homens e 120 mulheres, idade média de 39,6±10,6 anos. Avaliou-se: índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), relação cintura quadril (RCQ), perfil lipídico, glicemia e pressão arterial. RESULTADOS: IMC, CC e RCQ foram maiores nos homens e %GC nas mulheres (pFUNDAMENTO: Se vienen efectuando estudios para identificar el mejor predictor antropométrico de enfermedades crónicas en diferentes poblaciones. OBJETIVO: Verificar la relación entre mediciones antropométricas y factores de riesgo (perfil lipídico y presión arterial) para enfermedades cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 180 varones y 120 mujeres, edad promedio de 39,6 ± 10,6 años. Se evaluó: índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC), relación cintura cadera (RCC), perfil lipídico, glucemia y presión arterial. RESULTADOS: IMC, CC y RCC fueron mayores en los varones y %GC en las mujeres (p BACKGROUND: Studies have been carried out to identify the best anthropometric predictor of chronic diseases in different populations. OBJECTIVE: To verify the relation between anthropometric measures and risk factors (lipid profile and blood pressure) for cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: Transversal study carried out with 180 males and 120 females, with mean age 39.6±10.6 years old. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (%BF), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profile, glycemia and blood pressure were the variables assessed. RESULTS: BMI, WC and WHR were higher among males, and %BF were higher among females (p<0.001). The proportion of altered cases of WHR and %BF in relation to LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) was higher among males. The individuals considered normal for WC presented alteration in the values of LDL-c, TC and HDL-cholesterol. There was a correlation between BMI and WC (males: r=0.97 and females: r=0.95; p<0.001). Among males, the best correlation (p<0.001) was presented between WC and WHR (r=0.82) and among females, %BF and WC (r=0.80). Triglycerides (TG) presented correlation to WHR (males: r=0.992; females r=0.95; p<0.001), and to WC (males: r=0.82; females r=0.79; p<0.001). In the multiple analysis (Prevalence ratio - PR, Confidence interval - CI), the BMI were associated with total cholesterol (PR=1.9; 95%CI 1.01-3.69; p=0.051) among males and slightly associated with TG/HDL-cholesterol (PR= 1.8; IC95% 1.01-3.45; p=0.062) among females. CONCLUSION: BMI and WHR were the anthropometric indicators with strongest relation to lipid profile in both sex groups. This data support the hypothesis that BMI and WHR may be considered as risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, and subclinical atherosclerosis in children and adolescents infected with HIV: The PositHIVe Health Study

<div><p>HIV-infected children and adolescents may be at risk for cardiovascular disease due to chronic inflammation and exacerbation of risk factors. The aim of this study was as follows: 1) compare cardiovascular risk factors, chronic inflammation, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMTc) between the HIV and control groups; 2) determine the association of HIV and antiretroviral (ART) regimens with cardiovascular risk factors, chronic inflammation, and IMTc; and 3) identify variables associated with elevated IMTc. Cross-sectional analysis of 130 children and adolescents, 8–15 years of age, divided into HIV-infected (n = 65) and healthy control (n = 65) participants. Body fat, blood pressure, glycemia, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and fractions (LDL-C and HDL-C), triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the IMTc were measured. The results showed HIV-infected children and adolescents had higher levels of glycemia (87.9 vs. 75.9 mg.dL⁻¹, p< 0.001), LDL-c (94.7 vs. 79.5 mg.dL⁻¹, p = 0.010), triglycerides (101.2 vs. 61.6 mg.dL⁻¹, p< 0.001), CRP (1.6 vs. 1.0 mg.L⁻¹, p = 0.007), IL-6 (1.42 vs. 0.01 pg.mL⁻¹, p< 0.001), TNF-α (0.49 vs. 0.01 pg.mL⁻¹, p< 0.001), mean IMTc (0.526 vs. 0.499 mm, p = 0.009), and lower HDL-c (53.7 vs. 69.4 mg.dL⁻¹, p< 0.001) compared to controls. Systolic blood pressure (β = 0.006, p = 0.004) and TNF-α (β = −0.033, p = 0.029) accounted for 16% of IMTc variability in HIV-infected children and adolescents. In patients using protease inhibitors-based ART, male gender (β = −0.186, p = 0.008), trunk body fat (β = −0.011, p = 0.006), glucose (β = 0.005, p = 0.046), and IL-6 (β = 0.017, p = 0.039) accounted for 28% of IMTc variability. HIV-infected children and adolescents may be at risk for premature atherosclerosis due to chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia. Interventions with the potential to improve lipid profile, mitigate inflammation, and reduce cardiovascular risk are needed.</p></div

Multiple linear regression analysis of the independent predictors of IMTc (ln).

<p>Multiple linear regression analysis of the independent predictors of IMTc (ln).</p

Comparison of HIV-infected children and adolescents in different ART regimens.

<p>Comparison of HIV-infected children and adolescents in different ART regimens.</p

Characteristics of the participants.

<p>Characteristics of the participants.</p