Полиморфизм и полифункциональность антигенов АВО системы крови

Group antigens of red blood cells are not only markers of blood groups, but also have different functions: receptor, transport, regulatory, trophic, immune, etc. The human genome has a gene locus ABO, which determines the blood group and regulates synthesis of the corresponding antigens. Genes A and B do not produce antigens directly, and their direct products are enzymes - glycosyltransferases. Transferases are able to attach the respective residues of glucose to the H-antigen galactose, thereby forming antigens A, B or AB. A and B antigens are heterogeneous in their structure and can be manifested in a number of different allotype. The main feature of the ABO system is the presence of natural antibodies to the missing red blood cell's antigen in plasma. In the interaction of antigen with antibody, both compounds exert mutual influence on their own conformation.Групповые антигены эритроцитов являются не только маркерами групп крови, но и выполняют различные функции: рецепторную, транспортную, регуляторную, трофическую, иммунную и др. В геноме человека имеется генный локус АВО, определяющий группу крови и отвечающий за синтез соответствующих антигенов. Гены А и В не продуцируют непосредственно антигены, их прямыми продуктами являются ферменты - гликозилтрансферазы. Трансферазы, кодируемые генами А и В, способны присоединять соответствующие остатки сахара к галактозе Н-антигена, являющегося для них исходным материалом, тем самым формируя антигены А, В или АВ. Антигены А и В неоднородны по своей структуре и могут проявляться в ряде различных аллотипов. Особенность системы АВО заключается в наличии в плазме крови естественных антител к отсутствующему на собственных эритроцитах антигену. При взаимодействии антигена с антителом оба соединения оказывают взаимное влияние на собственную пространственную конформацию

Sip-1 mutations cause disturbances in the activity of NMDA- and AMPA-, but not kainate receptors of neurons in the cerebral cortex

peer reviewe

Correction of chronic prostatitis by extracorporeal shock wave therapy [Коррекция хронического простатита с помощью экстракорпоральной ударно-волновой терапии]

Introduction. This article presents the results of treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) type II, IIIA and IIIB by extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). The study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of ESWT in the treatment of CP. Materials and methods. The research included 43 patients with CP. The patient's age was 38.8 (27-65). The mean CP duration was 13.5 (3-24) months. 43 patients were assigned into 3 groups based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) examination. Group 1 had fibrotic changes in the prostate (n = 21). Group 2 had prostate calcifications (n = 5). Group 3 had fibrotic changes and calcifications in the prostate (n = 17). Treatment included ESWT (Dornier Aries) twice per week during 6 weeks. Each ESWT-session was comprised 2000-3500 pulses (0.05-0.062 mJ/mm2) and 8-6 Hz of frequency. All men were evaluated on 0 and 60 days of the study using NIH-CPSI (National Institutes Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index), IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), TRUS of the prostate, the culture of seminal or prostate fluid, spermogram or prostate fluid analysis, serum prostatic specific antigen for men over 50 years of age. Results. The patients over 50 years-old had total prostatic specific antigen less than 4 ng/ml. Bacterial growth was found in the culture of seminal/prostate fluid of the 26 patients. They were additionally prescribed antibiotics according to antibiogram. All patients got the treatment well. Control study pointed at lower scores of NIH-CPSI - grade decreased from 13.39 (1-34) to 5.54 (0-24) (p <0.05), IPSS decreased from 11.39 (0-34) to 4.39 (0-29) (p <0.05). Prostate volume decreased from 25.18 (12.2-58.8) cm3to 22.78 (12-56.6) cm3according to TRUS (p >0.05). In the group 1 in 3 cases local fibrosis were completely resolved, in 18 cases fibrotic changes decreased from 5.3 (0-13) mm to 3.24 (0-8.1) mm (p <0.05). In the second group the number and the size of calcifications decreased from 6.92 (2-21) mm to 4 (0-20) mm (p >0.05). In the group 3 calcifications were completely resolved (p <0.05), the volume of fibrosis decreased from 6.8 (3.2-15) mm to 4.5 (1-17) mm (p <0.05). Bacterial growth wasn't found in 9 patients' seminal/ prostate fluid, 16 patients had a decrease of the causative agent concentration on 60 day, WBC count normalized in all subjects with CP/chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIA. Conclusion. ESWT is an effective and non-invasive method of treatment of CP type II, IIIA and IIIB. The proposed treatment to relieve pain syndrome, inflammation, to promote lysis of fibrosis zone and calcinates, improves the draining function of prostate, contributing to accelerated elimination of microflora. © 2021 Cyrillo-Methodian Research Centre of BAS. Anales de Investigación,. All rights reserved

Аутоплазма, обогащенная тромбоцитарными факторами роста, в лечении эректильной дисфункции: обзор доклинических и клинических исследований

Erectile dysfunction is no longer a psychosocial problem. Nowadays, it is a marker specific for the initial stages of cardiovascular diseases. Рlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a new and promising method, which totally deserves to be noted by specialists. To review currently existing pre-clinical and clinical studies concerning application of PRP in erectile dysfunction published in international sources such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov. The current data of preclinical and clinical studies determine the absence of PRP side effects and the effectiveness for ED treatment. PRP-therapy is a pathogenetically substantiated method of treating erectile dysfunction. The therapy is designed for repair and regeneration of endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and connective tissue. However, large, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies are needed to creation a systematic review and meta-analysis.Эректильная дисфункция (ЭД) давно перестала быть только психосоциальной проблемой. Сегодня это маркер сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Применение аутоплазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитарными факторами роста (АОТ), является новым и многообещающим методом, заслуживающим внимания специалистов. В обзоре представлены существующие на данный момент доклинические и клинические исследования, опубликованные в базах данных PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, по применению АОТ в лечении ЭД. Имеющиеся данные доклинических и клинических исследований говорят об эффективности использования данной методики для лечения ЭД и отсутствии побочных эффектов. АОТ является патогенетически обоснованным методом лечения ЭД, который направлен на репарацию и регенерацию эндотелия, гладкомышечных клеток и соединительной ткани. Однако для формирования систематического обзора и метаанализа необходимо проведение большего числа крупных плацебо-контролируемых многоцентровых исследований

Synthesis and ethylene-promoted metathesis of adducts of tandem [4+2]/[4+2] cycloaddition between bis-furyl dienes and maleic acid derivatives

During this work, a series of 1,4:5,8-diepoxynaphthalenes, annellated with various carbo- and heterocycles, was synthesized based on the tandem intermolecular/intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of bis-furyl dienes with moderately to highly reactive cyclic dienophiles (maleic anhydride and maleinimides). The stereochemistry of the resulting adducts was established using 2D NMR and X-ray structural analysis, which showed that both successive Diels-Alder reactions led to single diastereoisomers of the target cycloadducts corresponding to the exo-transition state. The resulting hexacyclic compounds represent original polyfunctional synthons suitable for subsequent transformations, which has been demonstrated by the example of the ethylene-promoted ROCM reaction under new types of second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts comprising a coordination N → Ru bond in a six-membered ring. As a result, the metathesis products, unsaturated 4,7-epoxyisobenzofurans, were obtained in satisfactory yields. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Autologic platelet-rich plasma use in varicocelectomy

Varicocele is a disease that is diagnosed in approximately 10% of males’ population. There is data of varicocele which consider the condition as one of the most common causes of male infertility. It is only surgical treatment, to date, that is effective one. However, there is still a group of patients whose fertility problem have not been resolved with the varicocelectomy, that have led scientists to find new ways for treating male infertility. Regenerative medicine and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), in particular, have recently grown up rapidly worldwide. Many preclinical and clinical trials have already demonstrated PRP-therapy effectiveness and safety, de-spite the novelty of the method. This is why the interest in use PRP-therapy for treating male infertility has increased. © 2020, Human Stem Cell Institute. All rights reserved

An IMDAF approach to annellated 1,4:5,8-diepoxynaphthalenes and their metathesis reaction leading to novel scaffolds displaying an antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells

A series of 1,4:5,8-diepoxynaphthalenes, annellated with six-membered carbo- A nd heterocycles, was obtained via the intramolecular Diels-Alder furan (IMDAF) cycloaddition approach from bis-furyl dienes and acetylenic dienophiles (dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and hexafluoro-2-butyne). To achieve a wide variety of different products for subsequent biotesting, ethylene-promoted ring-opening cross-metathesis (ROCM) reactions, Prilezhaev epoxidation, catalytic hydrogenation, and N-or O-deprotection reactions of pentacycles were performed. The polyfunctional scaffolds of the resulting diverse heterocycles were tested on cancer lines (PC3, DU-145, MDA-MB-231, HT-1080, and HCT116) and normal lung fibroblasts (WI-26 VA4), and it was found that some of the obtained compounds exerted a concentration-dependent antiproliferative action toward MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer and especially PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines. It was demonstrated that compound 16f (hydrogenated 7-(tert-butyl)-4,5-dimethyl-2,8a-divinyl-3,5a-epoxyfuro[2,3,4-de]isoquinoline-4,5,7-tricarboxylate) possessed a time-dependent apoptosis induction activity associated with caspase 3/7 activation in prostate cancer cells, which clearly represents a viable lead for the further development of new-generation anticancer agents. © 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique