溶液プロセスによって作製された有機無機ハライドペロブスカイト太陽電池の性能向上

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

溶液プロセスによって作製された有機無機ハライドペロブスカイト太陽電池の性能向上

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Identification of microRNAs from Amur grape (vitis amurensis Rupr.) by deep sequencing and analysis of microRNA variations with bioinformatics

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of functional non-coding small RNA with 19-25 nucleotides in length while Amur grape (<it>Vitis amurensis Rupr</it>.) is an important wild fruit crop with the strongest cold resistance among the <it>Vitis </it>species, is used as an excellent breeding parent for grapevine, and has elicited growing interest in wine production. To date, there is a relatively large number of grapevine miRNAs (vv-miRNAs) from cultivated grapevine varieties such as <it>Vitis vinifera L</it>. and hybrids of <it>V. vinifera </it>and <it>V. labrusca</it>, but there is no report on miRNAs from <it>Vitis amurensis Rupr</it>, a wild grapevine species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A small RNA library from Amur grape was constructed and Solexa technology used to perform deep sequencing of the library followed by subsequent bioinformatics analysis to identify new miRNAs. In total, 126 conserved miRNAs belonging to 27 miRNA families were identified, and 34 known but non-conserved miRNAs were also found. Significantly, 72 new potential Amur grape-specific miRNAs were discovered. The sequences of these new potential va-miRNAs were further validated through miR-RACE, and accumulation of 18 new va-miRNAs in seven tissues of grapevines confirmed by real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The expression levels of va-miRNAs in flowers and berries were found to be basically consistent in identity to those from deep sequenced sRNAs libraries of combined corresponding tissues. We also describe the conservation and variation of va-miRNAs using miR-SNPs and miR-LDs during plant evolution based on comparison of orthologous sequences, and further reveal that the number and sites of miR-SNP in diverse miRNA families exhibit distinct divergence. Finally, 346 target genes for the new miRNAs were predicted and they include a number of Amur grape stress tolerance genes and many genes regulating anthocyanin synthesis and sugar metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Deep sequencing of short RNAs from Amur grape flowers and berries identified 72 new potential miRNAs and 34 known but non-conserved miRNAs, indicating that specific miRNAs exist in Amur grape. These results show that a number of regulatory miRNAs exist in Amur grape and play an important role in Amur grape growth, development, and response to abiotic or biotic stress.</p

Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of mini watermelon genotypes in Bangladesh

Given the present rising trends in changing lifestyle and consumption patterns, watermelon production has shifted from big to small-sized fruits having desirable quality attributes. Hence, analyses of fruit quality traits of mini watermelon are crucial to develop improved cultivars with enhanced nutritional compositions, consumer-preferred traits and extended storage life. In this context, fruit morphological and nutritional attributes of five mini watermelon genotypes namely BARI watermelon 1 (W1), BARI watermelon 2 (W2), L-32468 (W3), L-32236 (W4) and L-32394 (W5) were evaluated to appraise promising genotypes with better fruit quality. The evaluated genotypes expressed different levels of diversity for fruit physical qualitative traits including differences in shape, rind and flesh color and texture. The study also revealed significant variability among the genotypes regarding all observed fruit morphological and nutritional aspects as well as bioactive compounds. Among the studied genotypes, W1 stood out with the highest TSS as well as rind vitamin C and total phenolic content accompanied by higher fruit weight and thick rind. On the other hand, W3 genotype was featured with higher amount of \b{eta} carotene, total phenolic and flavonoid content in its flesh along with rind enriched with \b{eta} carotene and minerals. However, comparatively higher amount of sugar and total flavonoid content was recorded in the rind of W5 genotype. Therefore, W1 and W3 could be exploited for table purpose and using in breeding program to develop mini watermelon cultivars with more attractive fruits in terms of quality acceptance and nutritional value in Bangladesh. Furthermore, rind of BARI watermelon 1 and L-32394 could be considered as the potential cheap source of bioactive compounds to be used for dietary and industrial purpose which would decrease the solid waste in the environment.Comment: 22 pages, 6 tables, 3 figure

Morphological and molecular characterization of watermelon genotypes using RAPD markers

The genotypes of watermelon showed variation in morphological as well as quantitative traits. The tallest plant (358.65 cm) was produced by CL6 genotype and the shortest plant (198.55 cm) was observed in case of CL3 genotype. The maximum no. of fruit was found in CL 6(5.67) and the lowest fruit was found in CL3 (0.89). Moreover, the CL6 consistently recorded significant differences from other genotypes in all quantitative characters except in fruit weight. CL2 was also significantly different from other genotypes in all the six quantitative characters. This genotype recorded significantly high branch number, high fruit number, high fruit weight, thinner rind and low seed number as compared to other genotypes. Seven primers on six watermelon genotypes were used for their ability to produce polymorphic patterns among them only two primers (CL06 and CL07) gave reproducible and distinct polymorphic amplified products. This proportion of polymorphism is higher in all the selected genotypes of watermelon. The present experiment produced 1.71 scorable bands per primer and 0.85 polymorphic bands per primer. DNA markers have not been utilized well in the practice of plant identification, due to lack of analysis methods that can make the identification of plants with DNA marker easy, efficient and practical. The main advantages of this identification strategy include fewer primers used, and separation of all the cultivars from each other and its helps to separate any watermelon cultivars among the 6, which can definitely be of great help to the watermelon cultivation in Bangladesh. [Fundam Appl Agric 2018; 3(3.000): 573-578

Morphological and physicochemical characterization of Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.)

Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.) is a popular minor fruit in Bangladesh. Morphological and physicochemical characterization of Burmese grape was conducted at Pirujali, Gazipur during 2017-18 in eighteen Burmese grape genotypes. Wide variation was observed in case of growth, yield contributing characters, yield and fruit quality of the germplasm stud- ied. Correlation study among different growth parameters of the genotypes was done to know the relationships so that superior genotypes can be se- lected for further experiment. Fruit set (%) was the highest in BS09 (77.27%) genotype and the lowest was in BS02 and BS03 and it was 36.84%. Zero percent fruit drop was observed in BS06, BS07 and BS17 and the highest fruit drop was in BS08 (50%) genotypes. The days to fruit maturity was the lowest (100 d) in BS12 genotype followed by BS13 (103 d) and the highest maturity days was in BS18 (132 d). For most of the desirable attributes BS02 showed better response such as maximum leaf length (28.31 cm), leaf breadth (9.02 cm), fruit length (34.1 mm), fruit diameter (33.9 mm), juice content (38 mL 20 seeds&#8722;1), total soluble solids (18%), and ascorbic acid (13.2 mg 100g&#8722;1). BS03 ranked the second among the genotypes on the basis of these parameters. Fruit number had negative correlation with fruit length, single fruit weight and juice content. [Fundam Appl Agric 2019; 4(2.000): 829-838

Inhibition of Sn²⁺ Oxidation in FASnI₃ Perovskite Precursor Solution and Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells by Reductive Additive

Tin-based halide perovskite solar cells (Sn–PSCs) have attracted a progressive amount of attention as a potential alternative to lead-based PSCs (Pb–PSCs). Sn-perovskite films are fabricated by a solution process spin-coating technique. However, the efficiency of these devices varies significantly with the different batches of precursor solution due to the poor chemical stability of SnI2-DMSO and the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. This study investigated the origin of Sn2+ oxidation before film formation, and it was identified that the ionization of SnI2 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) causes the oxidation of free Sn2+ and I– ions. To address these issues, this study introduces the reductive additive 4-fluorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride (4F-PHCl) in the FASnI3 perovskite precursor solution. The hydrazine functional (–NH–NH2) group converted detrimental Sn4+ and I2 defects back to Sn2+ and I– in precursor solution while retaining the properties of the perovskite solution. Furthermore, the addition of 4F-PHCl in the precursor solution effectively slows the crystallization process, enhancing the crystallinity of FASnI3 perovskite films and guaranteeing the Sn2+/I– stoichiometric ratio, ultimately leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.86%. The hydrophobic fluorinated benzene ring in 4F-PHCl ensures moisture stability in perovskite films, allowing unencapsulated PSCs to retain over 92% of their initial PCE in an N2-filled glovebox for 130 days. Moreover, the 4F-PHCl-modified encapsulated PSCs showed superior operational stability for 420 h and maintained 95% of their initial PCE for 300 h under maximum power point tracking at 1 sun continuous illumination. This study’s findings provide a promising pathway to create a controlled Sn-based perovskite precursor solution for highly reproducible and stable Pb-free Sn–PSCs

Ratios of mEST/sEST and CS/GS (SS/GS) in thirty-two plants.

<p>The blue line shows the ratios of mEST/sEST and the red line shows the ratios of CS/GS (SS/GS) in thirty-two plants. Because genome size information of nine plants was minssing, the ratios of SS/GS were 0%.</p