DEVELOPMENT OF DRIBBLING BASIC TECHNIQUE SKILL OF STUDENTS OF PSTS TABING PADANG FOOTBALL SCHOOL

The objective of this research is to create dribbling learning models and to experiment dribbling training models of playing football for students of Football School (FBS) of PSTS Tabing Padang. This research was conducted at the FBS using the football experts and the students as the subjects. The research conducted was development model of Borg and Gall. The validation data of the experts were collected through field notes and questionnaires, analyzed by descriptive analysis technique. The dribbling basic technique skill of football was analyzed by using t-test. The research findings are as follows: (1) football dribbling basic technique skill which were developed based on the training principles and training methodology, starting from the simple one and ended by game situation, (2) the training model is very effective to be used in the process of training, (3) it was empirically proved that the model was effective. Keywords: training model; dribbling; playing football

Kemampuan Guru Motivasi Siswa Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Pembelajaran Penjasorkes Kelas IV dan V di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 22 Andalas Padang

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah belum optimalnya pelaksanaan pembelajaran penjasorkes di SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran, motivasi siswa dan sarana prasarana  di SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif, yaitu mengungkap dan menerangkan pelaksanaan UKS di SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang yang berjumlah 57 orang. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu total sampling yang berjumlah 57 orang. Alat pengumpulan data adalah angket dengan mengunakan model skala guttman dengan kategori jawaban ‘ya' dan ‘tidak'.. Selanjutnya data diolah dan dianalisis dengan teknik statistik deskriptif. Hasil analisis data SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang antara lain kemampuan guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran Penjasorkes di peroleh tingkat capaian sebesar 70% berada pada klasifikasi cukup. Motivasi siswa diperoleh tingkat capaian sebesar 73% berada pada klasifikasi cukup, sedangkan pada sarana dan prasarana diperoleh tingkat capaian sebesar 60% berada pada klasifikasi kurang baik. &nbsp

Mechanisms of regulation of mRNA 3\u27 processing by p53 pathway

Although the p53 network has been intensively studied, genetic analyses long hinted at the existence of components that remained elusive. This dissertation focuses on the study of the regulation of mRNA 3\u27 processing during DNA damage response (DDR) by the p53 pathway and the regulation of p53 expression by the mRNA 3\u27 processing machinery. The results in this dissertation revealed new roles of tumor suppressor p53 in mRNA 3\u27 processing. In Chapter II, I showed that p53 inhibits the cleavage step of polyadenylation reaction and that cells with different levels of p53 expression have different mRNA processing profiles. As part of the same response to DNA damage, my results indicate that p53 also activates PARN-dependent deadenylation in the nucleus (Chapter III). In Chapter IV, I demonstrated that p53 mRNA is one of the biological targets of nuclear PARN under non-stress conditions. Extending these studies, in Chapter V, I established that both AU-rich element (ARE) and miR-125b binding site are important for the binding of PARN to the p53 mRNA and activation of p53 pathway. Together these results show a feedback loop between PARN deadenylase and one of its targets, the tumor suppressor p53: While PARN keeps p53 levels low by destabilizing p53 mRNA through ARE- and microRNA-binding sites in non-stress conditions; the increase in p53 levels after UV treatment results in the activation of PARN deadenylase in a transcription-independent manner. As the levels of p53 expression levels increase after DNA damage, the PARN-mediated down-regulation of p53 mRNA should be reverted during the progression of DDR. In Chapter VI, I found that under DNA damaging conditions HuR, a ubiquitously expressed ARE-binding protein, can compete for binding to the p53 3\u27UTR with both PARN and Ago-2, resulting in the release of PARN and Ago-2 from p53 mRNA and the increase of p53 expression levels. Finally in Chapter VII, I analyzed the usage of alternative polyadenylation signals (APA) during DDR. My results indicate that increase in intronic-polyadenylated isoforms of genes involved in DDR occurred after UV treatment, indicating that APA might represent another potential mechanism of controlling gene expression during the response to DNA damage. Together this dissertation provides new insights into p53 function and the mechanisms behind the regulation of mRNA 3\u27 end processing and hence gene expression in different cellular conditions

Studi Variasi Jenis Aditif (Na2SO4, Na2CO3, CaSO4) Terhadap Kadar Ni dan Fe Serta Recovery Pada Proses Reduksi Langsung Bijih Nikel Laterit Limonitik

Permintaan akan nikel diprediksi akan terus meningkat kedepannya, namun cadangan bijih nikel sulfide yang dominan digunakan dalam industri terus menurun, hal ini menjadikan bijih nikel low grade laterit limonit menjadi peluang untuk pemenuhan permintaan nikel kedepannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh variasi jenis aditif (Na2SO4, Na2CO3, CaSO4) pada proses reduksi langsung bijih nikel laterit terhadap kadar unsur dan nilai recovery pada unsur Ni dan Fe, serta senyawa yang terbentuk. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mereduksi bijih nikel laterit limonit dengan kadar Ni 1,25%. Adapun briket terdiri dari campuran ore, batu bara, zat aditif, serta kanji yang dimasukkan ke dalam crucible bed yang terdiri dari campuran batu bara dan dolomit. Penambahan zat aditif yang divariasikan menggunakan massa yang sama yaitu 10%, kemudian direduksi hingga temperatur 1400oC. Pengujian EDX dan XRD dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar dan nilai recovery dari Ni dan Fe serta senyawa yang terbentuk. Dari hasil reduksi didapatkan peningkatan kadar Ni tertinggi pada aditif Na2SO4 peningkatan sebesar 4,5%, serta recovery Ni tertinggi didapatkan aditif CaSO4 sebesar 97,93%. Sedangkan penurunan kadar Fe tertinggi didapat pada aditif CaSO4 sebesar 39,13% dan nilai recovery Fe tertinggi didapatkan pada aditif Na2SO4 sebesar 18,96%. ============================================================================================================= Demand for nickel is predicted to continue in the future, but the dominant sulfide ore reserves used in the industry keeps thinning, making low grade nickel laterite limonite ore becomes an opportunity for future demand for nickel. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of variation of additives type (Na2SO4, Na2CO3, CaSO4) in direct reduction process of nickel laterite ore to grade and recovery of Ni and Fe, and phase formed. This research was conducted by reducing nickel laterite limonite ore with Ni content of 1.25%. The briquettes consist of ore, coal, additives, and starch that are inserted into a crucible bed consisting of a mixture of coal and dolomite, which is then reduced at temperature 14000C with variations in the use of additives with the same mass that is 10%. The EDX and XRD test were performed to determine the grade and recovery of Ni and Fe, and phase formed. From the reduction result obtained, the highest increase of Ni content by using additive Na2SO4 with an increase of 4.5%, and the highest recovery value obtained with CaSO4 of 97.93%. While the highest decrease of Fe content was found with CaSO4 additive with decrease 39.13% and highest recovery value was found on Na2SO4 additive 18.96%

White Spot Lesions during Orthodontic Treatment

White spot lesions are non-esthetic demineralized regions that may develop during the orthodontic treatment. 2–96% of the patients were found to be effected after orthodontic treatment. The incidence and severity of the white spot lesions are related to the duration of the teeth that had braces and preventive measures are important during the treatment period. The purpose of this review is to present information about the formation, diagnosis, incidence and treatment of white spot lesions and to reveal its role and importance in orthodontics

Lower risk of hypoglycaemia and greater odds for weight loss with initiation of insulin detemir compared with insulin glargine in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: local results of a multinational observational study

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of insulin initiation with once-daily insulin detemir (IDet) or insulin glargine (IGlar) in real-life clinical practice in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: This was a 24-week multinational observational study of insulin initiation in patients with T2DM. RESULTS: The Turkish cohort (n = 2886) included 2395 patients treated with IDet and 491 with IGlar. The change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) from the pre-insulin levels was -2.21% [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.32, -2.09] in the IDet group and -1.88% [95% CI -2.17, -1.59] in the IGlar group at the final visit. The incidence rate of minor hypoglycaemia increased in both groups from the pre-insulin to the final visit (+0.66 and +2.23 events per patient year in the IDet and IGlar groups, respectively). Weight change in the IDet group was -0.23 kg [95% CI -0.49, 0.02 kg], and +1.55 kg [95% CI 1.11, 2.00 kg] in the IGlar group. Regression analysis with adjustment for previously identified confounders (age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index, previous history of hypoglycaemia, microvascular disease, number and change in oral anti-diabetic drug therapy, HbA(1c) at baseline and insulin dose) identified an independent effect of insulin type (IDet versus IGlar) with a risk of at least one episode of hypoglycaemia (odds ratio (OR): 0.33 [95% CI 0.21, 0.52], p <0.0001), and weight loss ≥1 kg (OR: 1.75 [95% CI 1.18, 2.59], p = 0.005), but not on HbA(1c) (+0.05% [95% CI -0.15, 0.25%], p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of basal insulin analogues, IDet and IGlar, were associated with clinically significant glycaemic improvements. A lower risk of minor hypoglycaemia and greater odds of weight loss ≥1 kg was observed with IDet compared with IGlar. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00825643 and NCT0074051

Role of cytological characteristics of benign thyroid nodules on effectiveness of their treatment with levothyroxine

Introduction: Levothyroxine (LT4) therapy has been used for the treatment of euthyroid nodular goiter, but there are controversial results about its usefulness. We aimed to evaluate the possible role of benign nodules’ cytological characteristics in response to LT4 therapy. Material and methods: In total, 93 patients with 128 nodules were included in the study; 74 of the nodules were treated with LT4 (group 1), and 54 of them had no medication (group 2). The subgroups consisted of adenomatous nodules, colloid nodules and cystic nodules. Results: In group 1, mean thyroid volume and mean nodule volume were reduced significantly (p = 0.002 and p = 0.022, respectively) with low-normal level thyrotropin (TSH) suppression (between 0.3 mIU/ml and 1.0 mIU/ml), while there were no significant changes in group 2. When we evaluated changes of the initial and last nodule volumes in cytological subgroups, only colloid nodules in group 1 had significant reduction (p = 0.040) and the others had no significant changes. By omitting the colloid nodules, when the other nodules were revaluated, there were no significant changes in either group. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, obtained from a large sample of Anatolian patients, it is possible that LT4 therapy leads to significant reductions of both thyroid volume and nodule size in colloid nodules, but not in other kinds of benign nodules

PARN deadenylase is involved in miRNA-dependent degradation of TP53 mRNA in mammalian cells

mRNA deadenylation is under the control of cis-acting regulatory elements, which include AU-rich elements (AREs) and microRNA (miRNA) targeting sites, within the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTRs) of eukaryotic mRNAs. Deadenylases promote miRNA-induced mRNA decay through their interaction with miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). However, the role of poly(A) specific ribonuclease (PARN) deadenylase in miRNA-dependent mRNA degradation has not been elucidated. Here, we present evidence that not only ARE- but also miRNA-mediated pathways are involved in PARN-mediated regulation of the steady state levels of TP53 mRNA, which encodes the tumor suppressor p53. Supporting this, Argonaute-2 (Ago-2), the core component of miRISC, can coexist in complexes with PARN resulting in the activation of its deadenylase activity. PARN regulates TP53 mRNA stability through not only an ARE but also an adjacent miR-504/miR-125b-targeting site in the 3′ UTR. More importantly, we found that miR-125b-loaded miRISC contributes to the specific recruitment of PARN to TP53 mRNA, and that can be reverted by the ARE-binding protein HuR. Together, our studies provide new insights into the role of PARN in miRNA-dependent control of mRNA decay and into the mechanisms behind the regulation of p53 expression