Liability, institutions, and determinants of landowner access policies for fee-based recreation on private lands

Landowners in the Lower Mississippi Valley or Delta may be willing to consider alternative land uses for some acreage, particularly for marginal agricultural lands. Recreational hunting, fishing, and wildlife watching opportunities on private land for public use may be a possible way to provide income to landowners and restore marginal lands as a contributor to the local economy. Previous studies have identified that landowners often chose not to engage in recreational leasing due to liability concerns. Thus, an institutional change that reduces liability risk to landowners may increase the amount of private land available for public recreation and reduce transaction costs associated with liability mitigation. These possibilities were examined using primary data obtained from a mailed questionnaire sent to agricultural landowners in the Delta region of Arkansas and Louisiana. About 14% of landowners indicated that they would be willing to allow fee-based recreation under the current institutional environment. If the Arkansas and Louisiana recreational use statutes were amended giving greater liability protection to landowners, the number of landowners that would be willing to allow fee-based recreation on their lands would increase to over 20% in Arkansas and nearly 24% of owners in Louisiana. Clearly, an institutional change that reduces the liability risk to landowners can increase the potential amount of private land that could be used for fee-based recreation, again particularly so for Louisiana. Over 40% of landowners have land that is marginal for agricultural purposes with the average ownership of marginal land being slightly more than 100 acres. Owners of marginal land were particularly responsive to an institutional change providing greater liability protection. Risk averse landowners were more unlikely and risk seeking landowners were more likely to allow fee-based recreation under the current institutional environment. Following an institutional change it was observed that risk preference was no longer a significant predictor of the willingness to allow fee-based recreation indicating that the element of risk was diminished. Transaction costs associated with liability are evident and amending the recreational use statute appears to produce a reduction in expected WTA reflecting a transaction cost savings to landowners

Resolving power determination by direct observation of unprocessed film by reflected light

Measurement of resolving power of an emulsion is usually determined by an extensive exposure and development series. Resolving power is reported at the optimum value and exposure and density are reported also. Such a procedure is wasteful and time consuming. This paper explores the determination of resolving power by the observation of a reflected image of a resolution target on unprocessed. The reflection from the gelatin support was higher than that of the silver halide grains and thereby masked the reflected image from the grains. This phenomenon was observed over the entire range tested. The maximum obtained was 746 lines per millimeter

Low-speed cascade investigation of loaded leading-edge compressor blades

Six percent thick NACA 63-series compressor-blade sections having a loaded leading-edge A4K6 mean line have been investigated systematically in a two-dimensional porous-wall cascade over a range of Reynolds numbers from 160,000 to 385,000. Blades cambered to have isolated-airfoil lift coefficients of 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 were tested over the usable angle-of-attack range at inlet-air angles of 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees and solidities of 1.0 and 1.5. A comparison with data of NACA RM L51G31, shows that the angle-of-attack operating range is 2 degrees to 4 degrees less than the range for the uniformly loaded section; however, the wake losses near design angle of attack are slightly lower than those for the uniformly loaded section. Except for highly cambered blades at high inlet angles, the 63-(C s oA4K6)06 compressor-blade sections are capable of more efficient operation for moderate-speed subsonic compressors at design angle of attack than are the 65-(C s oa10)10 or the 65-(c s oA2I8b)10 compressor-blade sections. In contrast to the other sections, the loaded leading-edge sections are capable of operating efficiently at the lower Reynolds numbers

Workshops And Seminars On Theological Education

Series 2: Guatemala, C.A. (1964-1977), Notebook 5https://digitalcommons.fuller.edu/kinsler-tee/1011/thumbnail.jp