On the Geometry of Equiform Normal Curves in the Galilean Space G4

In our article, we establish the definition of the Equiform Normal curves in Galilean space G4. To obtain the position vector of an Equiform Normal curve in G4, we have to solve an integro-differential equation in μ2, where μ2 is the position function of a space curve γ (σ ) in the direction of third vector V3 of the Galilean space. Special cases of Equiform Normal curvatures are discussed. Finally, we prove that there is no equiform normal curve that is congruent to an Equiform Normal curve in G4

Shock wave lithotripsy in the era of COVID-19

Objective: The objective of the study y was to evaluate factors which can improve shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) results to keep up with COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between June 2020 and June 2021, patients with radio-opaque or faint radio-opaque upper urinary tract stones, stone attenuation value ≤1200 HU, and stones size 11 cm, and body mass index >30 kg/m2 were excluded from the study. Patients were prospectively enrolled in SWL done at a rate of 40–50 SWs/min under combined ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided, ramped into high power in the 1st 300 shocks. Success rate and complications were recorded. Results: Five hundred and ninety patients completed the study. The success rate after 1st session was 408/590 patients (69.15%) which was augmented by 2nd session to reach 527/590 patients 89.3%. The success rate was 96.2% at 3 months postoperatively. Most complications were mild (Grade 1 or 2). Conclusions: SWL results improved using slow rate high power from the start of the session under combined fluoroscopy and ultrasound guidance. SWL may be a preferred option during a pandemic