Un acercamiento al capital social y al turismo desde el enfoque mixto y mapeo de actores

integral y metodologías que incluyan a los diferentes actores que forman parte de dicha actividad. En este artículo se propone un acercamiento metodológico basado en el enfoque mixto y en el mapeo de actores para conocer el capital social de los actores sociales, públicos y privados; ya que este tipo de capital puede ser afectado por la actividad turística. A diferencia de otras investigaciones que lo excluyen, la contribución de esta propuesta es integrar al turista como parte del análisis; asimismo, identificar a quienes participan en esta actividad y posicionarlos respecto a ésta. Una de las principales conclusiones es que al tomar en cuenta el punto de vista de todos los actores relacionados con el turismo, se reduce el sesgo del análisis sobre esta actividad, pues las investigaciones sólo se limitan a conocer la perspectiva de un tipo de actor; algunas de ellas el público, otras el privado y unas más el social, pero no los integran a todos en un mismo estudio

Survival of Mexican Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia under Treatment with the Protocol from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 00-01

Our aim in this paper is to describe the results of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in Mexican children treated from 2006 to 2010 under the protocol from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) 00-01. The children were younger than 16 years of age and had a diagnosis of ALL de novo. The patients were classified as standard risk if they were 1-9.9 years old and had a leucocyte count <50 × 10 9 /L, precursor B cell immunophenotype, no mediastinal mass, CSF free of blasts, and a good response to prednisone. The rest of the patients were defined as high risk. Of a total of 302 children, 51.7% were at high risk. The global survival rate was 63.9%, and the event-free survival rate was 52.3% after an average follow-up of 3.9 years. The percentages of patients who died were 7% on induction and 14.2% in complete remission; death was associated mainly with infection (21.5%). The relapse rate was 26.2%. The main factor associated with the occurrence of an event was a leucocyte count >100 × 10 9 /L. The poor outcomes were associated with toxic death during induction, complete remission, and relapse. These factors remain the main obstacles to the success of this treatment in our population

Mutational Landscape of CEBPA in Mexican Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Prognostic Implications

BackgroundIn Mexico, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has increased in the last few years. Mortality is higher than in developed countries, even though the same chemotherapy protocols are used. CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha (CEBPA) mutations are recurrent in AML, influence prognosis, and help to define treatment strategies. CEBPA mutational profiles and their clinical implications have not been evaluated in Mexican pediatric AML patients.Aim of the StudyTo identify the mutational landscape of the CEBPA gene in pediatric patients with de novo AML and assess its influence on clinical features and overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsDNA was extracted from bone marrow aspirates at diagnosis. Targeted massive parallel sequencing of CEBPA was performed in 80 patients.ResultsCEBPA was mutated in 12.5% (10/80) of patients. Frameshifts at the N-terminal region were the most common mutations 57.14% (8/14). CEBPA biallelic (CEBPABI) mutations were identified in five patients. M2 subtype was the most common in CEBPA positive patients (CEBPAPOS) (p = 0.009); 50% of the CEBPAPOS patients had a WBC count > 100,000 at diagnosis (p = 0.004). OS > 1 year was significantly better in CEBPA negative (CEBPANEG) patients (p = 0.0001). CEBPAPOS patients (either bi- or monoallelic) had a significantly lower OS (p = 0.002). Concurrent mutations in FLT3, CSF3R, and WT1 genes were found in CEBPAPOS individuals. Their contribution to poor OS cannot be ruled out.ConclusionCEBPA mutational profiles in Mexican pediatric AML patients and their clinical implications were evaluated for the first time. The frequency of CEBPAPOS was in the range reported for pediatric AML (4.5–15%). CEBPA mutations showed a negative impact on OS as opposed to the results of other studies

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia

BackgroundA heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted. Children &lt;18 years old, newly diagnosed with ALL and residents of GMC were included. Controls were patients without leukemia recruited from second-level public hospitals, frequency-matched by sex, age, and health institution with the cases. The residence address where the patients lived during the last year before diagnosis (cases) or the interview (controls) was used for geolocation. Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters (SCs). Relative risks (RR), associated p-value and number of cases included for each cluster were obtained.ResultsA total of 1054 cases with ALL were analyzed. Of these, 408 (38.7%) were distributed across eight SCs detected. A relative risk of 1.61 (p&lt;0.0001) was observed for the main cluster. Similar results were noted for the remaining seven ones. Additionally, a proximity between SCs, electrical installations and petrochemical facilities was observed.ConclusionsThe identification of SCs in certain regions of GMC suggest the possible role of environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL

La transversalidad en la política turístico-cultural del pueblo mágico de Metepec, México

El tema de la política turístico-cultural se ha convertido en un aspecto prioritario para la administración pública en el desarrollo de proyectos vinculados al turismo y la cultura y, más aún, cuando se alude a la transversalidad como acción renovadora en la política pública. En este sentido, el presente trabajo efectúa una reflexión crítica en torno a este tipo de política en el municipio de Metepec, denominado Pueblo Mágico. Para ello, se analiza la aparición de la transversalidad en la política pública turístico-cultural, se revisan diversos programas de organismos que fomentan y promueven el turismo y la cultura en Metepec y trabajan en favor de la transversalidad e interacción de sus dependencias, así como entrevistas a diversos actores sociales para conocer su opinión en torno a esta temática. El estudio rescata la perspectiva crítica del turismo y la cultura con el fin de proponer un enfoque que revalore la transversalidad en sus políticas y la interacción entre los organismos vinculados al tema

La transversalidad en la política turístico-cultural del pueblo mágico de Metepec, México

El tema de la política turístico-cultural se ha convertido en un aspecto prioritario para la administración pública en el desarrollo de proyectos vinculados al turismo y la cultura y, más aún, cuando se alude a la transversalidad como acción renovadora en la política pública. En este sentido, el presente trabajo efectúa una reflexión crítica en torno a este tipo de política en el municipio de Metepec, denominado Pueblo Mágico. Para ello, se analiza la aparición de la transversalidad en la política pública turístico-cultural, se revisan diversos programas de organismos que fomentan y promueven el turismo y la cultura en Metepec y trabajan en favor de la transversalidad e interacción de sus dependencias, así como entrevistas a diversos actores sociales para conocer su opinión en torno a esta temática. El estudio rescata la perspectiva crítica del turismo y la cultura con el fin de proponer un enfoque que revalore la transversalidad en sus políticas y la interacción entre los organismos vinculados al tema

The population level of Eotetranychus lewisi and the concentration of carbohydrates in peach trees

Artículo de Investigació

Turismo en Teotihuacán y San Martín de Las Pirámides: Su Influencia en el Capital Social de los Actores Locales

"Este artículo explora cómo el turismo influye en el capital social de los actores de los municipios de Teotihuacán y San Martín de las Pirámides, México, que territorialmente comparten la zona arqueológica de Teotihuacán, uno de los atractivos más impor