Patterns of geohelminth infection, impact of albendazole treatment and re-infection after treatment in schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South-Africa-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Patterns of geohelminth infection, impact of albendazole treatment and re-infection after treatment in schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South-Africa"</p><p>BMC Infectious Diseases 2004;4():27-27.</p><p>Published online 13 Aug 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC514548.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Saathoff et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p

Patterns of infection, impact of praziquantel treatment and re-infection after treatment in a cohort of schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South Africa-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Patterns of infection, impact of praziquantel treatment and re-infection after treatment in a cohort of schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South Africa"</p><p>BMC Infectious Diseases 2004;4():40-40.</p><p>Published online 7 Oct 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC524490.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Saathoff et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p

Spatial autocorrelation of <i>T</i>. <i>trichiura</i> infection between and within households in Kyela.

<p>The red line shows Moran’s I of spatial autocorrelation for the raw data. The blue and green lines show the autocorrelation of deviance residuals for the models M1 and M2, respectively. The horizontal axis shows the distance bands between households.</p

Multivariable association of different factors with <i>T</i>. <i>trichiura</i> infection in Kyela.

<p>Results of multivariable Poisson regression models adjusted for household clustering using robust variance estimates (N = 912). Multivariable results are only shown for those variables that were included into the respective model.</p

Characteristics of the study population and environmental conditions at their place of residence.

<p>Characteristics of the study population and environmental conditions at their place of residence.</p

Prevalence of <i>T</i>. <i>trichiura</i> infection in the nine EMINI study sites in Mbeya region, Tanzania (A) and details for Kyela site (B).

<p>Households with at least one infected person are represented by red Voronoi polygons, households without are shown in green. Subsite A and B in this text refer to the western and eastern part of Kyela, respectively.</p

HIV-Testing Algorithm and Exclusion criteria Survey 1.

<p>In Survey 1 we tested 1,889 whole blood specimen and 14,448 plasma specimen with the Determine HIV1/2 RDT. The confirmation algorithm included two different ELISAs and one Western Blot. If both ELISAs were in agreement their result was used as the reference standard result. Samples with discordant ELISA results were retested by Western Blot and the Western Blot result used. Samples with indeterminate Western Blot results were excluded from analysis. Negative RDT results were not directly confirmed, but regarded as true negative if the result of the following survey was also negative. Whole blood results where confirmation by ELISA testing was impossible due to lack of plasma, were regarded as true positive if the result in the next survey was confirmed positive and as false positive if a negative test result in the next survey was confirmed using the above reference algorithm. Results where the true HIV status could not be verified according to the reference algorithm were excluded from this analysis.</p

Location of the EMINI study area.

<p>The study area consists of nine distinct study sites. Participating household are shown as red circles.</p

Diagnostic Test performance of Determine and STAT-PAK RDT numbers of positive and negative results.

<p>Diagnostic Test performance of Determine and STAT-PAK RDT numbers of positive and negative results.</p

<i>T</i>. <i>trichiura</i> prevalence by age.

<p>The red line shows LOWESS-smoothed <i>T</i>. <i>trichiura</i> infection prevalence, grey bars indicate the number of participants in each age stratum.</p