'We nicked stuff from all over the place': policy transfer or muddling through?

This article explores current thinking about policy learning and transfer, using recent work on the 'Americanisation' of UK active labour market policies as a focus of discussion. While it is clear that the UK has learned from the US in certain respects, academic debates about the US-UK policy relationship are marked by accounts of learning and transfer that depend on a highly rational interpretation of these processes. The article reviews current debates in the policy transfer literature and applies a critical view of policy learning and transfer to key accounts of labour market activation policies before moving on to consider how useful the concept of policy transfer really is in an increasingly complex, plural and 'de-institutionalising' world

CO and CI maps of the starburst galaxy M82

The first map of an external galaxy in the 3P₁ - 3P0 fine-structure line of atomic carbon (CI) is presented towards the nucleus of the starbuster M82, and compared with the distinction of the CO J = 4 - 3 molecular emission. The CI traces features that are seen in lower transition CO maps, and shows that CI and the CO are well mixed and have similar spatial distributions. There are small differences between the CO J = 4 - 3 line and lower transition CO data towards the NE part of the molecular ring, where the emission is less prominent. The abundance ratio [CI]/[CO] across M82 is very high, with an average value ~ 0.5 across most of the nucleus, a factor at least 5 times that which is typical of dense molecular cloud cores seen in our own Galaxy. This means that on average, CI is overabundant towards M82. This result can be explained using models which provide enhancements to the CI abundance above normal Interstellar Medium values, a result of a greater cosmic ray flux in M82, or where there is substantial mixing of the gas

The Availability of Training Opportunities in Personality Disorders in American Psychological Association- and Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System-Accredited Clinical and Counseling Psychology Doctoral Programs

Personality disorders are relatively common, especially in clinical settings. A number of evidence-based treatments are now available, especially for borderline personality disorder. However, little is known about the relevant training available to doctoral students in clinical and counseling psychology. in the current study, data were extracted from 336 clinical and counseling Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs from the Insider’s Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology (Norcross & Sayette, 2020), including the number of programs with faculty with specific interests in personality disorders and the number of programs with clinical opportunities related to personality disorders. We found that formal training in personality disorders is not widely available to most trainees in APA-accredited doctoral training programs. Only 16% of programs have faculty with interests in personality disorders, all of them clinical psychology programs. Ph.D. programs were more likely to have PD-interested faculty than Psy.D. programs, and, within clinical Ph.D. programs, PCSAS-accredited programs were more likely to have PD-interested faculty than programs without PCSAS accreditation. Similarly, only 15% of programs (all clinical psychology programs) offer practicum opportunities in psychotherapy for personality disorders. Our findings indicate that doctoral level psychology programs are not sufficiently preparing their students with personality disorder training, which serves as a substantial disservice to both trainees and the public

Concordant cues in faces and voices: testing the backup signal hypothesis

Information from faces and voices combines to provide multimodal signals about a person. Faces and voices may offer redundant, overlapping (backup signals), or complementary information (multiple messages). This article reports two experiments which investigated the extent to which faces and voices deliver concordant information about dimensions of fitness and quality. In Experiment 1, participants rated faces and voices on scales for masculinity/femininity, age, health, height, and weight. The results showed that people make similar judgments from faces and voices, with particularly strong correlations for masculinity/femininity, health, and height. If, as these results suggest, faces and voices constitute backup signals for various dimensions, it is hypothetically possible that people would be able to accurately match novel faces and voices for identity. However, previous investigations into novel face–voice matching offer contradictory results. In Experiment 2, participants saw a face and heard a voice and were required to decide whether the face and voice belonged to the same person. Matching accuracy was significantly above chance level, suggesting that judgments made independently from faces and voices are sufficiently similar that people can match the two. Both sets of results were analyzed using multilevel modeling and are interpreted as being consistent with the backup signal hypothesis

A realistic double many-body expansion potential energy surface for from a multiproperty fit to accurate ab initio energies and vibrational levels

A single-valued double many-body expansion potential energy surface (DMBE I) recently obtained for the ground electronic state of the sulfur dioxide molecule by fitting correlated ab initio energies suitably corrected by scaling the dynamical correlation energy is now refined by fitting simultaneously available spectroscopic levels up to 6886 cm-1 above the minimum. The topographical features of the novel potential energy surface (DMBE II) are examined in detail, and the method is emphasized as a robust route to fit together state-of-the-art theoretical calculations and spectroscopic measurements using a single fully dimensional potential form.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VNG-44JJ0TT-5/1/c39f816ff06826dc517ad62441e91b5

Tracing the Origins of Timothy Species (\u3cem\u3ePhleum Sp.\u3c/em\u3e)

The section Phleum of the genus Phleum contains 3 species groups and, depending on the taxonomic classification used, these may be treated as 3 or 6 individual species (Joachimiak & Kula, 1997; Joachimiak, 2004). Firstly, there is the P. pratense group consisting of a series of diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid forms. The diploid (2n=14) is usually known as Phleum bertolonii (syn. P. pratense spp bertolonii: syn P. nodosum) and/or P. hubbardii, while the tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid are known as P. pratense. Secondly there is the P. alpinum group consisting of 2 contrasting diploid species, P. rhaeticum and P. commutatum, and a tetraploid P. commutatum. Finally there is the lesser known Mediterranean annual, Phleum echinatum, with a reduced chromosome number of 10

A search for HI 21cm absorption in strong MgII absorbers in the redshift desert

We report results from a deep search for redshifted HI 21cm absorption in 55 strong MgII$\lambda$2796 absorbers (having $W (MgII) > 0.5 \AA$) at intermediate redshifts, $0.58 < z_{\rm abs} < 1.70$, with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Nine detections of HI 21cm absorption were obtained, all at $1.17 < z_{\rm abs} < 1.68$, including three systems reported earlier by Gupta et al. (2007). Absorption was not detected at $> 3\sigma$ significance in 32 other MgII absorbers, with 26 of these providing strong upper limits to the HI 21cm optical depth, $\tau_{3\sigma} < 0.013$ per $\sim 10$ km/s. For the latter 26 systems, the spin temperature $T_s$ of the absorber must be $> [800 \times f]$ K (where $f$ is the covering factor), if the HI column density is $\ge 2 \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$, i.e. if the absorber is a damped Lyman-$\alpha$ system (DLA). Data on the remaining 13 systems of the sample were affected by radio frequency interference and were hence not useful. Excluding "associated" systems (within 3000 km/s of the quasar redshift), the detection rate of HI 21cm absorption in strong MgII absorbers is $x_{\rm 21,MgII} ({\bar z} = 1.1) = 25^{+11}_{-8}$%, at a $3\sigma$ optical depth sensitivity of $\sim 0.013$ per 10 km/s. Comparing the detection rates of HI 21cm and damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption in strong MgII absorber samples yields a detection rate of HI 21cm absorption in DLAs of $x_{\rm 21,DLA} ({\bar z} = 1.1) = (73 \pm 27)$%, consistent with the detection rate of HI 21cm absorption in low-$z$ DLAs. Since HI 21cm absorption arises in cold neutral gas, this indicates that most gas-rich galaxies contain significant fractions of cold HI by $z \sim 1$. (abridged)Comment: 18 pages, 56 figures, MNRAS (in press

Public Beliefs and Attitudes towards Bipolar Disorder and the Effect of Renaming Conditions on Stigma

This thesis is presented in three parts. The overall aim was to explore public beliefs about and attitudes towards bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is one of the few disorders to have undergone a name change in the last 30 years, and there are current proposals for schizophrenia to also be renamed to help reduce stigma. The second aim was therefore to explore the effect of renaming disorders on stigma. Part one presents a systematic review of literature pertaining to public beliefs and attitudes towards bipolar disorder, and internalised stigma in people with this diagnosis, their families and carers. In comparison to research on other mental health problems, there is a dearth of literature exploring stigma in bipolar disorder. There were inconsistent findings and the literature was largely inconclusive, although a moderate to high degree of internalised stigma was identified. Part two is an empirical paper which investigates public beliefs and attitudes toward bipolar disorder and how they compare to schizophrenia, and the effect of presenting different diagnostic labels on stigma. Causal beliefs, beliefs about prognosis, emotional reactions, stereotypes and desire for social distance were explored in relation to bipolar disorder, and in response to different diagnostic labels. Findings are discussed in relation to the evidence base, clinical and scientific implications, and directions for future research. Part three is a critical appraisal of the research undertaken in this thesis and of the measurement of stigma more generally. It explores conceptual and methodological issues, and concludes with a discussion of the role of clinical psychology in stigma reduction