Reply to: New Meta- and Mega-analyses of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Schizophrenia: Do They Really Increase Our Knowledge About the Nature of the Disease Process?

This work was supported by National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Grant No. U54EB020403 (to the ENIGMA consortium)

Relationships of the Location and Content of Rounds to Specialty, Institution, Patient-Census, and Team Size

OBJECTIVE: Existing observational data describing rounds in teaching hospitals are 15 years old, predate duty-hour regulations, are limited to one institution, and do not include pediatrics. We sought to evaluate the effect of medical specialty, institution, patient-census, and team participants upon time at the bedside and education occurring on rounds. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: Between December of 2007 and October of 2008 we performed 51 observations at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Hospital, Stanford University Hospital, and the University of Washington Medical Center of 35 attending physicians. We recorded minutes spent on rounds in three location and seven activity categories, members of the care team, and patient-census. RESULTS: Results presented are means. Pediatric rounds had more participants (8.2 vs. 4.1 physicians, p<.001; 11.9 vs. 2.4 non-physicians, p<.001) who spent more minutes in hallways (96.9 min vs. 35.2 min, p<.001), fewer minutes at the bedside (14.6 vs. 38.2 min, p = .01) than internal medicine rounds. Multivariate regression modeling revealed that minutes at the bedside per patient was negatively associated with pediatrics (-2.77 adjusted bedside minutes; 95% CI -4.61 to -0.93; p<.001) but positively associated with the number of non-physician participants (0.12 adjusted bedside minutes per non physician participant; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.17; p = <.001). Education minutes on rounds was positively associated with the presence of an attending physician (2.70 adjusted education minutes; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.12; p<.001) and with one institution (1.39 adjusted education minutes; 95% CI 0.26 to 2.53; p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians spent less time at the bedside on rounds than internal medicine physicians due to reasons other than patient-census or the number of participants in rounds. Compared to historical data, internal medicine rounds were spent more at the bedside engaged in patient care and communication, and less upon educational activities

1999 Update: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction)

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction have been reviewed over the past 21/2years since their initial publication (J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1328–428) to ensure their continued relevancy. The guidelines have been updated to include the most significant advances that have occurred in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during that time frame. This Update was developed to keep the guidelines current without republishing them in their entirety. The Update represents a new procedure of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. These guidelines will be reviewed and updated as necessary until it is deemed appropriate to revise and republish the entire document

1999 Update: ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Executive Summary and Recommendations: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction)

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction have been reviewed over the past 2.5 years since their initial publication in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996;28:1328–1428) to ensure their continued relevancy. The guidelines have been updated to include the most significant advances that have occurred in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during that time frame. This update was developed to keep the guidelines current without republishing the entire document. This effort represents a new procedure of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. These guidelines will be reviewed and updated as necessary until it is deemed appropriate to revise and republish the entire document

1999 Update: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction)

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction have been reviewed over the past 21/2years since their initial publication (J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1328–428) to ensure their continued relevancy. The guidelines have been updated to include the most significant advances that have occurred in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during that time frame. This Update was developed to keep the guidelines current without republishing them in their entirety. The Update represents a new procedure of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. These guidelines will be reviewed and updated as necessary until it is deemed appropriate to revise and republish the entire document

ACC/AHA/ASNC Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging—Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American HeartAssociation Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging)

The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines regularly reviews existing guidelines to determine when an update or full revision is needed. Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging were originally published in 1986 and updated in 1995. Important new developments have continued to occur since 1995, particularly in the areas of acute and chronic ischemic syndromes and heart failure. The Task Force therefore believed the topic should be revisited de novo and invited the American Society for Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) to cosponsor the undertaking, which represents a joint effort of the 3 organizations

Cortical brain abnormalities in 4474 individuals with schizophrenia and 5098 control subjects via the enhancing neuro Imaging genetics through meta analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium

BACKGROUND: The profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This study presents the first meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities in schizophrenia conducted by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Schizophrenia Working Group. METHODS: The study included data from 4474 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age, 32.3 years; range, 11-78 years; 66% male) and 5098 healthy volunteers (mean age, 32.8 years; range, 10-87 years; 53% male) assessed with standardized methods at 39 centers worldwide. RESULTS: Compared with healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia have widespread thinner cortex (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.530/-0.516) and smaller surface area (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.251/-0.254), with the largest effect sizes for both in frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regional group differences in cortical thickness remained significant when statistically controlling for global cortical thickness, suggesting regional specificity. In contrast, effects for cortical surface area appear global. Case-control, negative, cortical thickness effect sizes were two to three times larger in individuals receiving antipsychotic medication relative to unmedicated individuals. Negative correlations between age and bilateral temporal pole thickness were stronger in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. Regional cortical thickness showed significant negative correlations with normalized medication dose, symptom severity, and duration of illness and positive correlations with age at onset. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the ENIGMA meta-analysis approach can achieve robust findings in clinical neuroscience studies; also, medication effects should be taken into account in future genetic association studies of cortical thickness in schizophrenia

Reassessing the effect of colour on attitude and behavioural intentions in promotional activities: The moderating role of mood and involvement

The present research examines the effect of background colour on attitude and behavioural intentions in various promotional activities taking into consideration the moderating role of mood and involvement. Three experiments reflecting different promotional activities (window display, consumer trade show, guerrilla marketing) were conducted for this purpose. Overall, findings indicate that cool background colours, in contrast to warm colours, induce more positive attitudes and behavioural intentions mainly in positive mood, and low involvement conditions. Implications are also discussed