Herod the Great\u27s Message through Year 3 Coin

King Herod the Great was a half Jewish client king who struggled with appeasing Roman rulers and yet avoiding conflict with the Jews. In the investigation of a coin from year 3 of King Herod’s reign I have found that Herod was aware of Jewish customs and respected their customs through the lack of Pagan symbols. Additionally, the Greek lettering and the symbolism on the coin illustrates Herod’s Hellenistic reign. In my observations of the coin King Herod’s Hellenistic reign was characterized by his great value of power and yet respect of Jewish culture while at the same time pleasing the Roman rulers

Applying the cognitive theory of multimedia learning to the design of pharmacology learning resources

BACKGROUND The past few decades have seen an increase in the use of multimedia learning in the teaching of medical and biomedical sciences, where interactive instructions provide an invaluable mean to demonstrate complex physiological processes and simulate clinical environments. In order to develop educationally effective multimedia learning, it is important to design these resources with reference to the human cognitive abilities. Among the proposed human cognitive theories, the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) is one of the most effective frameworks in guiding the design of e-learning instructions. AIMS We aimed to develop animations to the teaching of neuromuscular pharmacology according to CTML. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE Interactive multimedia instructions such as animations and simulations have been used increasingly to help students understand complex phenomena that involve dynamic changes over time and location of multiple interacting elements. Past research has found empirical evidence supporting the educational value of the application of CTML to the design of multimedia instructions (Mayer, 2010). MAIN ARGUMENT Neuromuscular pharmacology is an area of biomedical science that explores the molecular events leading to skeletal muscle contraction, as well as the modes of actions of drugs targeting the neuromuscular junction. These concepts encompass dynamic biological processes occurring rapidly at a microscopic level that exceed the capacity of the human visual perception. As a result, it is likely to be more educationally effective to present these processes to students via dynamic visualisations. This study discusses the application of CTML principles such as coherence, redundancy, spatial contiguity, signalling, learner-paced segmenting, modality and multimedia to the development of animations illustrating neuromuscular transmission and how this process can be modified by drugs. CONCLUSIONS CTML principles provide a versatile theoretically grounded approach to the design of multimedia educational resources. The application of CTML principles can be extended to other medical and biomedical interactive learning activities such as virtual patients and laboratory simulations. Further research on applying CTML principles to the design of medical and biomedical multimedia learning resources is needed to verify the effect they have on long-term learning outcome and experience among students. REFERENCES Mayer RE (2010). Applying the science of learning to medical education. Medical Education 44(6): 543-549

Antiaging Mechanism of Natural Compounds: Effects on Autophagy and Oxidative Stress.

Aging is a natural biological process that manifests as the progressive loss of function in cells, tissues, and organs. Because mechanisms that are meant to promote cellular longevity tend to decrease in effectiveness with age, it is no surprise that aging presents as a major risk factor for many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and diabetes. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the intracellular antioxidant and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, is known to promote the aging process. Autophagy, a major pathway for protein turnover, is considered as one of the hallmarks of aging. Given the progressive physiologic degeneration and increased risk for disease that accompanies aging, many studies have attempted to discover new compounds that may aid in the reversal of the aging process. Here, we summarize the antiaging mechanism of natural or naturally derived synthetic compounds involving oxidative stress and autophagy. These compounds include: 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) derivatives (synthetic triterpenoids derived from naturally occurring oleanolic acid), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, the active ingredient in honey bee propolis), xanthohumol (a prenylated flavonoid identified in the hops plant), guggulsterone (a plant steroid found in the resin of the guggul plant), resveratrol (a natural phenol abundantly found in grape), and sulforaphane (a sulfur-containing compound found in cruciferous vegetables)

Future Directions for the Oregon Multicultural Archives

The Oregon Multicultural Archives (OMA) investigation team from the Research and Innovative Services Department was charged with exploring the future directions of this program. Team members make recommendations about future actions including effective ways to engage internal and external stakeholders based on website and literature review findings

Computational Analysis of the G-III Laminar Flow Glove

Under NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project, flight experiments are planned with the primary objective of demonstrating the Discrete Roughness Elements (DRE) technology for passive laminar flow control at chord Reynolds numbers relevant to transport aircraft. In this paper, we present a preliminary computational assessment of the Gulfstream-III (G-III) aircraft wing-glove designed to attain natural laminar flow for the leading-edge sweep angle of 34.6deg. Analysis for a flight Mach number of 0.75 shows that it should be possible to achieve natural laminar flow for twice the transition Reynolds number ever achieved at this sweep angle. However, the wing-glove needs to be redesigned to effectively demonstrate passive laminar flow control using DREs. As a by-product of the computational assessment, effect of surface curvature on stationary crossflow disturbances is found to be strongly stabilizing for the current design, and it is suggested that convex surface curvature could be used as a control parameter for natural laminar flow design, provided transition occurs via stationary crossflow disturbances

Boundary-Layer Stability Analysis of the Mean Flows Obtained Using Unstructured Grids

Boundary-layer stability analyses of mean flows extracted from unstructured-grid Navier- Stokes solutions have been performed. A procedure has been developed to extract mean flow profiles from the FUN3D unstructured-grid solutions. Extensive code-to-code validations have been performed by comparing the extracted mean ows as well as the corresponding stability characteristics to the predictions based on structured-grid solutions. Comparisons are made on a range of problems from a simple at plate to a full aircraft configuration-a modified Gulfstream-III with a natural laminar flow glove. The future aim of the project is to extend the adjoint-based design capability in FUN3D to include natural laminar flow and laminar flow control by integrating it with boundary-layer stability analysis codes, such as LASTRAC

Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients in the USA and Europe with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer with disease progression on or after a trastuzumab-containing regimen (DESTINY-Gastric02): primary and updated analyses from a single-arm, phase 2 study.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 15-20% of advanced gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction cancers overexpress HER2. In DESTINY-Gastric01, the HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan improved response and overall survival versus chemotherapy in patients from Japan and South Korea with locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer whose disease progressed after two lines of previous therapy including trastuzumab. Here, we report primary and updated analyses of the single-arm, phase 2 DESTINY-Gastric02 trial, which aimed to examine trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients living in the USA and Europe. METHODS: DESTINY-Gastric02 is a single-arm, phase 2 study in adult patients from 24 study sites in the USA and Europe (Belgium, Spain, Italy, and the UK). Eligible patients were aged at least 18 years and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, pathologically documented unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, progressive disease on or after first-line therapy with a trastuzumab-containing regimen, with at least one measurable lesion per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (version 1.1), and centrally confirmed HER2-positive disease on a postprogression biopsy. Patients were given 6·4 mg/kg of trastuzumab deruxtecan intravenously every 3 weeks until disease progression, withdrawal by patient, physician decision, or death. The primary endpoint was confirmed objective response rate by independent central review. The primary endpoint and safety were assessed in the full analysis set (ie, participants who received at least one dose of study drug). Here, we report the primary analysis of this study, with a data cutoff of April 9, 2021, and an updated analysis, with a data cutoff of Nov 8, 2021. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04014075, and is ongoing. FINDINGS: Between Nov 26, 2019, and Dec 2, 2020, 89 patients were screened and 79 were enrolled and subsequently treated with trastuzumab deruxtecan (median age 60·7 years [IQR 52·0-68·3], 57 [72%] of 79 were male, 22 [28%] were female, 69 [87%] were White, four [5%] were Asian, one [1%] was Black or African American, one [1%] was Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, one had missing race, and three [4%] were other races). At the primary analysis (median follow-up 5·9 months [IQR 4·6-8·6 months]), confirmed objective response was reported in 30 (38% [95% CI 27·3-49·6]) of 79 patients, including three (4%) complete responses and 27 (34%) partial responses, as assessed by independent central review. As of data cutoff for the updated analysis (median follow-up 10·2 months [IQR 5·6-12·9]), a confirmed objective response was reported in 33 (42% [95% CI 30·8-53·4]) of 79 patients, including four (5%) complete responses and 29 (37%) partial responses, as assessed by independent central review. The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-emergent adverse events were anaemia (11 [14%]), nausea (six [8%]), decreased neutrophil count (six [8%]), and decreased white blood cell count (five [6%]). Drug-related serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in ten patients (13%). Deaths determined to be associated with study treatment occurred in two patients (3%) and were due to interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis. INTERPRETATION: These clinically meaningful results support the use of trastuzumab deruxtecan as second-line therapy in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. FUNDING: Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca

Possible Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Development of Atherosclerosis in Cancer Survivors

Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors