Data_Sheet_1_Sleep behavior and daily activity levels in people with metabolic syndrome: effect of 1 year of metformin treatment.docx

Impaired sleep and low daily activity levels increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MS). Metformin (MET), an insulin sensitizer drug, is effective in regressing MS and has been recently studied as an adjuvant agent for managing sleep disorders. The present study aimed to assess whether 1,700 mg/day of MET treatment modifies sleep and daily activity levels in people with MS evaluated by Rest-Activity circadian Rhythm (RAR), which is the expression of 24 h of spontaneous activity parameters. A total of 133 subjects with MS, randomized into the MET (n = 65) or placebo (PLA, n = 68) group, underwent a clinical/anthropometric examination and carried out a continuous 7-day actigraphic monitoring to investigate sleep and RAR parameters at baseline and after 1 year of intervention. After 1 year of intervention, 105 subjects were analyzed. The MET group showed greater anthropometric and metabolic improvements compared with placebo, with a significant reduction in weight (p = 0.01), body mass index (p = 0.01), waist circumference (p = 0.03), and glucose (p < 0.001). With regard to sleep parameters, the MET group showed a significant increase in actual sleep time (p = 0.01) and sleep efficiency (p = 0.04) compared with placebo. There were no significant changes reported in the RAR parameters. Our study suggests that MET might be used as an adjuvant treatment for sleep disorders in people with MS.</p

Additional file 1: of Observational study on the prognostic value of testosterone and adiposity in postmenopausal estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients

Figure S1. Workflow for the selection of TPM-ER-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Shows the workflow for the selection of ER-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients, starting from the 592 initial women recruited consecutively in the TPM cohort from December 2003 to December 2006, at Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. (PDF 42 kb

Additional file 2: of Observational study on the prognostic value of testosterone and adiposity in postmenopausal estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients

Figure S2. Boxplots of circulating level of testosterone (ng/mL) according to tumour histology (IDC = Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; ILC = Invasive Lobular Carcinoma), Grade (G), number of metastatic axillary lymph Nodes (N), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2 status of ER-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Number and percentage of patients in each group are reported and p-values are given. The bar inside the box is the median value and the box upper and lower dimensions define the inter-quartile range. Shows the boxplots of circulating level of testosterone (ng/mL) according to the other tumour characteristics considered in the study (histology, tumour grade, axillary nodal status, PR and HER-2 status). On the whole, the results did not indicate an association between circulating level of testosterone and unfavorable tumour characteristics as high tumour grade, axillary involvement or HER2 overexpression. (PDF 22 kb