Fears of Visually Impaired Pre-School Children and Their Parents

The article analyses the fears of preschool age children, with visual impairment, and the fears of their parents. It was aimed to define whether the fears of preschool age children, with vision problems, differ from the fears of the same age children, with no vision problems. The hypothesis was formed that the parental childhood fears can be transmitted to their mature age, and present fears can be transmitted to their children. The results of the research revealed such tendencies as follows: the participating in the research preschool age children, with vision  problems, do not have any exceptional fears, comparing to the children of the same age but with no vision problems; the larger number of fears reflected in those children, whose parents have a high educational level, comparing to the parents, with a lower educational level; children from incomplete families have more fears; mothers used to have less fears in childhood than they have now; the fears, children and some parents have, might have been transmitted from parents to children

Vocational choice in the process of educating students (from 15years on) with mild learning difficulties : the interaction between theory and practice

Straipsnyje analizuojami nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto asmenų profesinio apsisprendimo teoriniai aspektai. Profesinio apsisprendimo savarankiškumo lygis priklauso nuo asmenybės psichinio, fizinio, socialinio išsivystymo, jos raidos psichologijos, priklausomybės dydžio nuo daugelio aplinkos faktorių, galinčių daryti įtaką sprendimui. Intelekto sutrikimas - specifinis veiksnys, savaip sąlygojantis profesinės psichologijos dėsningumus, t.y. profesijos pasirinkimą, interesų ir motyvų įsisąmoninimą, profesinį rengimąsi ir t.t. Pagrindinė problema - ne vien veiksmingos, teoriškai pagrįstos sistemos paieška bei kūrimas, bet ir įvairių negalių struktūrų pažinimo sudėtingumas. Sutrikusio vystymosi geras išmanymas ir į jį atsižvelgimas, organizuojant ugdomąjį procesą, - svarbiausias specialiojo pedagogo kompetencijos rodiklis. Besikeičiantis, nuolat atsinaujinantis mokslinis bei socialinis požiūris į negalę skatina peržvelgti darbinio bei profesinio neįgaliųjų rengimo sąlygas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto asmenų ugdymas; Nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto jaunuoliai; Profesijos pasirinkimas; Profesinis apsisprendimas; Profesinis neįgaliųjų rengimas; Ugdymas; Ugdymas siekiant socialinės integracijos; Educating for full social integration; Education; Professional training of disabled; Students wilth mild learning difficulties; Students with mild learning difficulties; Vocational choic

Features of Development of Vocational Choice of Young People with Minor Intellectual Disorders

Lietuvos specialiajai ugdymo sistemai keliamas uždavinys – rengti neįgalius jaunuolius visapusei socialinei integracijai į sociumą bei adaptacijai jame. Viena svarbiausių šio vyksmo grandžių – neįgalių jaunuolių darbinis profesinis rengimas ir rengimasis – kaip dualinis procesas. Dėmesys kreiptinas ne tik į kokybišką specialistų rengimą, bet ir į bendrakultūrinio ugdymo turinio adaptavimą pagal specifines neįgaliųjų reikmes. Tad šios temos socialinis ir politinis tyrimo motyvas gana aiškus. Tyrimo tikslas – sudaryti, remiantis statistiniais metodais, nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto jaunuolių profesinio apsisprendimo ugdymo struktūros modelį nepertraukiamame ugdymo procese bei įvertinti subjektyvaus mokymo dalykų vertinimo įtaką, jiems darant svarbų gyvenimo sprendimą.The objective posed for the Lithuanian system of specialised education is to prepare disabled youngsters for full social integration and adaptation in the socium. One of the most important links of this process is vocational training and learning of disabled youngsters as a dual process. Focus must be placed not only on quality training of specialists but also adaptation of intercultural educational content in accordance with specific needs of the disabled. So the social and political justification for studying this topic is rather obvious. The goal of the study is to create a structure model of development of vocational choice of young people with minor intellectual disorders based on statistical methods within the uninterrupted educational process and to evaluate the impact of subjective assessment of school subjects on their important choice in life

Evaluation of education quality at the vocational training institution for persons with mild learning difficulties : former learners' approach

Straipsnyje pristatomas tyrimas, kuriuo siekiama atsakyti į klausimus: ar nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto (toliau tekste - NSI) asmenis tenkina dabartinis profesinio rengimo modelis? Ar „idealus" profesinio rengimo modelis, atspindintis socialinės paradigmos idėjas, tenkina NSI asmenų lūkesčius? Kiek NSI asmenys dalyvauja ir kiek gali dalyvauti konstruojant profesinio rengimo modelį Lietuvoje? Atsakymų į tokius klausimus paieška apibūdina šio straipsnio tikslą. Šios apklausos rezultatai atskleidė, kad mokiniai gali būti aktyvūs ugdomojo proceso dalyviai, kad į jų nuomonę reikia atsižvelgti. Kaip rodo straipsnio autorių praktinė patirtis ir šio tyrimo rezultatai, konstruojant NSI asmenų profesinio rengimo modelį, dominuoja institucinis lygmuo. Subjektyvi įtaka (ypač NSI asmenų) nėra reikšminga. Straipsnio autoriai, pritardami Elster teiginiui, kad „istorija yra žmonių veiklos, ne sumanymų padarinys" (Elster, 2000), siūlo į šią veiklą aktyviau įtraukti ir neįgalius ugdytinius, kartu jiems perduodant dalį atsakomybės už profesinio rengimo ir profesinės adaptacijos rezultatus. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Adaptacija; Asmuo su nežymiai sutrikusiu intelektu; Nežymiai sutrikusio intelekto asmenys; Profesinio rengimo modelis; Profesinis rengimas; Sutrikusio intelekto asmenų ugdymas; Ugdymo kokybė; Ugdymo kokybės vertinimas; Adaptation; Evaluation of education quality; Pearsons with mild learning difficulties; People with intellectual disabilities education; Persons with mild learning difficulties; Quality of education; Vocational training; Vocational training modelThe article presents a research, which attempts to answer the following questions: are persons with mild learning difficulties (MLD) satisfied with the existing training model? Does the "ideal" vocational training model, reflecting social paradigm ideas, meet the expectations of persons with MLD? To what extent do persons with MLD participate and can participate in the formation of vocational training model in Lithuania? The search of answers to these questions describes the aim of this article. The research object is the interaction of the "ideal" vocational training model and the expectations of persons with MLD. It is likely that forming the "ideal" vocational training model for persons with MLD the analysis of former and existing expectations of the learners would create the preconditions for a more optimal result. The respondents were given four groups of questions: 1) What theoretical subjects are important for the young man's work and independent life?; 2) Has vocational training centre taught the profession and prepared for an independent life?; 3) If the person under research were appointed the director of the centre, what would he change in his former school?; 4) The interviews with young people, used the method of alternatives, about the content, method and order of teaching. During the interviews every respondent was given 13 questions and 27 alternatives, which young people were choosing according to their personal experience. The questions were adapted according to the young people's abilities and education. The results of the research were processed in two ways: 1) by employing content analysis method, first the quality analysis of the received answers was carried out, then the categories were named and quantified with the participation of the experts' group. 2) Some research results, belonging to the demographic block and the block of diagnostic variables, related with the young person's opinion about teaching quality at the vocational training centre, were processed by employing SPSS.PC.ll software. The total number of the interrogated from all Lithuania, who graduated from special vocational training institutions, at least one year after the graduation, is 405. The results of this inquest revealed that the pupils could be active participants of the educational process and that their opinion had to be considered. According to the practical experience of the authors of this article and the results of this research, the institutional level dominates in the formation of the vocational training model of persons with MLD. Subjective influence (especially of persons with MLD) is not significant. The authors of the article, approving Elster's statement that "history is the outcome of people's activities, not of ideas" (Elster, 2000), encourage to involve disabled learners into this activity more actively, at the same time passing over part of the responsibility for vocational training and vocational adaptation results to them

Structure of vocational self-determination of youth (from the age of 14) with mild intellectual disabilities in educational process

In Lithuania the provision of professional/ occupational training for young people with mild intellectual disabilities is one of main tasks of special education. This job, if it is well organised, offers some hope for young person's successful integration into social life. Vocational schools with responsibility for training people with intellectual disabilities would improve on the present system whereby students are accepted into special professional schools in rather an ad hoc manner. Usually they are admitted when the school has not met their target number of students and often no one pays attention to their disabilities. It is not clear whether the pedagogues are informed about the needs of their future students, or whether they are prepared to give them all the necessary help. The role of the special pedagogue is also very important in assisting the students to identify their professional orientation as they are familiar with the students' problems and are experienced in working with them. In addition, they are involved in the diagnosis of disabilities, in the formulation of individual corrective programmes and in individual consulting. In this research we had to solve very important and very little examined problems about the professional diagnosis of the mild mentally retarded youth (15-20 years old), and the ascertainment of the professional suitability (suitability for some profession). The research having psychological-pedagogical and sociological character tries to touch the peculiarities of the process of social job adaptation and to go deep into the social needs of the pupils learning in the special schools.The aim of the research is to reveal the relations among the connected social factors. Though, having in mind, that the work will be main source of living for the mentally retarded people, the professional orientation and Professional suitability must be organised very deliberately and consistently. Now then I want to dedicate the largest part of my scientific activity to the preparation of this new system in Lithuania

Application of art education in the management and reduction of signs of fatigue in women with MS diagnosis

Reikšminiai žodžiai: Išsėtinė sklerozė; Meninis ugdymas; Menu grįstos veiklos; Nuovargio požymių valdymas ir sumažinimas; Nuovargis; Pacientai su išsėtine skleroze; Art based activities; Art education; Atigue; Fatigue; Management and reduction of signs offatigue; Multiple sclerosis; Patients with M