Fatores que afetam a ativação mental em universitários

This article deals with the issue of enhancing the mental activity of students of higher educational institutions during their professional training. A range of empirical and theoretical research methods are taken into account to clarify the content of the concept of "mental activity of university students", determine and experimentally investigate the factors influencing its activation. Based on the results, these factors include the humanization and psychologization of the educational process at the university, the creation of a safe socio-psychological environment at the university, the provision of a health-preserving focus of the educational process and the compliance with ergonomic requirements for it, the organization of training students in a cooperation mode and the use of innovative methods and technologies in the classroom that activate the mental activity of students.Este artículo trata el tema de potenciar la actividad mental de los estudiantes de instituciones de educación superior durante su formación profesional. Se tienen en cuenta una serie de métodos de investigación empíricos y teóricos para aclarar el contenido del concepto de "actividad mental de los estudiantes universitarios", y determinar e investigar experimentalmente los factores que influyen en su activación. Con base en los resultados, estos factores incluyen la humanización y psicologización del proceso educativo en la universidad, la creación de un ambiente sociopsicológico seguro en la universidad, la provisión de un enfoque de preservación de la salud del proceso educativo y el cumplimiento de requisitos ergonómicos para ello, la organización de la formación de los estudiantes en un modo de cooperación y el uso de métodos y tecnologías innovadoras en el aula que activan la actividad mental de los estudiantes.Este artigo trata da questão da valorização da atividade mental de estudantes de instituições de ensino superior durante sua formação profissional. Uma gama de métodos de pesquisa empíricos e teóricos são levados em consideração para esclarecer o conteúdo do conceito de "atividade mental de estudantes universitários", bem como para determinar e investigar experimentalmente os fatores que influenciam sua ativação. Com base nos resultados, esses fatores incluem a humanização e psicologização do processo educacional na universidade, a criação de um ambiente sociopsicológico seguro na instituição, a oferta de um foco de preservação da saúde do processo educacional e o cumprimento de requisitos ergonômicos para isso, além da organização do treinamento dos alunos em modo de cooperação e do uso de métodos e tecnologias inovadoras, em sala de aula, que ativam a atividade mental dos alunos

Característica de la preparación del personal para la gestión de conflictos en la organización

The analysis of the personnel competence, reflected in the professional standards, allows us to identify the main areas of training that have a positive impact on the challenges of the external environment. At the same time, employees of the organization, as a rule, have different professional training and practical experience. From this perspective, the phenomenon of in-house training of the personnel is updated, under which the training is carried out on the basis of the organization and aimed at achieving the objectives to develop it. Communication, as a mechanism of using communicative skills that can have both positive and negative effects, occupies a leading position in the professional activities of the personnel. Thus, it is connected, in most cases, with conflicts, in particular, the lack of personnel preparedness and readiness to manage them. Researchers are actively engaged in finding the ways to prevent and resolve conflicts, using various forms of post-graduate training, including in-house training of adult audience.El análisis de la competencia del personal, reflejado en los estándares profesionales, nos permite identificar las principales áreas de capacitación que tienen un impacto positivo en los desafíos del entorno externo. Al mismo tiempo, los empleados de la organización, por regla general, tienen diferente formación profesional y experiencia práctica. Desde esta perspectiva, se actualiza el fenómeno de la capacitación interna del personal, en virtud del cual la capacitación se lleva a cabo sobre la base de la organización y dirigida a lograr los objetivos para desarrollarla. La comunicación, como mecanismo para utilizar habilidades comunicativas que pueden tener efectos tanto positivos como negativos, ocupa una posición de liderazgo en las actividades profesionales del personal. Por lo tanto, está relacionado, en la mayoría de los casos, con conflictos, en particular, la falta de preparación y preparación del personal para manejarlos. Los investigadores participan activamente en la búsqueda de formas de prevenir y resolver conflictos, utilizando diversas formas de capacitación de posgrado, incluida la capacitación interna de la audiencia adulta

Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing: A Powerful Tool for Vascular Tissue Engineering and Endothelial Mechanobiology

Among applicable high-throughput techniques in cardiovascular biology, whole-transcriptome sequencing is of particular use. By utilizing RNA that is isolated from virtually all cells and tissues, the entire transcriptome can be evaluated. In comparison with other high-throughput approaches, RNA sequencing is characterized by a relatively low-cost and large data output, which permits a comprehensive analysis of spatiotemporal variation in the gene expression profile. Both shear stress and cyclic strain exert hemodynamic force upon the arterial endothelium and are considered to be crucial determinants of endothelial physiology. Laminar blood flow results in a high shear stress that promotes atheroresistant endothelial phenotype, while a turbulent, oscillatory flow yields a pathologically low shear stress that disturbs endothelial homeostasis, making respective arterial segments prone to atherosclerosis. Severe atherosclerosis significantly impairs blood supply to the organs and frequently requires bypass surgery or an arterial replacement surgery that requires tissue-engineered vascular grafts. To provide insight into patterns of gene expression in endothelial cells in native or bioartificial arteries under different biomechanical conditions, this article discusses applications of whole-transcriptome sequencing in endothelial mechanobiology and vascular tissue engineering

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF LIPID AND AQUEOUS PHASE OF LIPOSOMES USING FLUORESCENT PROBES

Creation of targeted liposomal delivery systems of biologically active substances to the tissues, cells and organelles is one of the topical problems of cellular medicine. These studies require solving the problem of detection of the precise localization of substances delivered with liposomes. Complexity of this problem is associated with invisibility of liposomes in the light microscope because of the small size, lack of colour and autoluminescence. A possible way of solving this problem is to visualize the liposomes by including in their composition fluorescent dyes. In the study with fluorescent or confocal microscope, colocalization of liposomal dyes and dyes for differential staining of intracellular organelles may serve as evidence of the presence of liposomes in this compartment. For these studies, an important prerequisite is an adequate choice of dyes for labeling liposomes and organelles. In this work, we investigate the methodological approaches of the study of intracellular localization of the liposomes in the cells using vital dyes for labeling liposomes and intracellular organelles. On specific examples, we demonstrate that the technology of the assessment of intracellular distribution of fluorescence using labeling of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the liposomes and determination of the colocalization of these labels and organelle-specific fluoresce is effective and can be used in experiments aiming to create liposomal formulations for targeted drug delivery

A NOVEL SMALL-DIAMETER BIODEGRADABLE VASCULAR GRAFT BASED ON POLIOXYALCANOATES AND POLYCAPROLACTONE: PILOT STADY

Copolymer tubular scaffolds based on polyhydroxybutirate with hydroxyvalerate /polycaprolactone (5% PBHV: 10% PCL) were fabricated by the electrospinning setup. Physical and mechanical properties of the copolymer were assessed as well as their biocompatibility in vitro. According to the preliminary results, tubular copolymer scaffolds demonstrated improved stress-strain properties, compared to the native vessels used for coronary artery bypass grafting. High porosity of the internal surface allowed to create a cellular monolayer from bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a short-term period. There was no decrease in cellular viability in the cell-surface interaction. 2 mm tubular copolymer scaffolds were implanted in the abdominal rat aortas. After a 12-months follow-up period, good graft patency and the absence of organism reactions towards the implanted grafts have been observed

Characteristic of Personnel Readiness for Conflict Management in the Organization

The analysis of the personnel competence, reflected in the professional standards, allows us to identify the main areas of training that have a positive impact on the challenges of the external environment. At the same time, employees of the organization, as a rule, have different professional training and practical experience. From this perspective, the phenomenon of in-house training of the personnel is updated, under which the training is carried out on the basis of the organization and aimed at achieving the objectives to develop it. Communication, as a mechanism of using communicative skills that can have both positive and negative effects, occupies a leading position in the professional activities of the personnel. Thus, it is connected, in most cases, with conflicts, in particular, the lack of personnel preparedness and readiness to manage them. Researchers are actively engaged in finding the ways to prevent and resolve conflicts, using various forms of post-graduate training, including in-house training of adult audience

The relationship between urine steroid metabolome and the course of adrenocortical cancer

Background: Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare aggressive and rapidly metastatic disease. Early diagnosis of the disease and its metastatic stage are important for the choice of treatment strategy. Evaluation of urine steroid profiles (USP) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker instrument that allows for differentiation between benign and malignant tumor and obvious prospects for the diagnosis in patients with adrenal incidentalomas. In our previous study we have found no difference in urine excretion of tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisole (THS), 5-ene-pregnenes and 3,16,20-pregnenetriol/3,16,20-pregnenetriol ratio (3,16,20-dP3/3,16,20-dP3) in patients with metastatic ACC in early postoperative period, compared to pre-operative parameters. We did not account for the disease stage and primary tumor size in that study in ACC patients. Aim: To identify specific characteristics of urine steroid metabolome by GC-MS in ACC IIV stages patients before surgery in order to detect early signs of metastases and the relationship between adrenal steroidogenesis abnormalities and disease stages. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the data from the study of USP in 59 ACC stage I-IV patients with L. M. Weiss score 3, according to pathological examination of the surgical samples. The Cushing syndrome was diagnosed by immunochemistry assay in 28 (47.6%) of ACC patients. Tumor staging was done according to ENSAT based on the results of imaging and postoperative histological reports. ENSAT I was diagnosed in 8 patients, ENSAT II in 26, ENSAT III in 14, ENSAT IV in 11 ACC patients. The control group included 28 healthy donors. USP was assessed by GC-MS before surgery with a gas chromatography-mass-spectrometer Shimadzu GCMS-ТQ8050. Results: The first variant of urinary steroid metabolome abnormalities with increased excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and THS was found in 10 (90.9%) of ENSAT IV ACC patients and in 20 (50%) of ENSAT II + III patients. The fourth USP variant was characterized by no difference in androgen and THS urinary excretion from that in healthy individuals and was found in ACC ENSAT I patients. Only in ACC ENSAT I patients, there was an increase of pregnanediol (P2) urinary excretion and of the P2/pregnanetriol (P3) ratio, compared to those in healthy donors. ROC-analysis demonstrated that ТНS 867 mcg/24 hours, 3,16,20-dP3 300 mcg/24 hours and 3,16,20-dP3/3,16,20-dP3 1.6 cut-offs had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for preoperative identification of ENSAT IV ACC patients before surgery and for early diagnosis of ACC metastases. There were positive correlations between 16-oxo-androstenediol, THS, and progestogens, as well as a negative correlation between 3,16,20-dP3/3,16,20-dP3 ratio and the disease stage. Conclusion: Urinary excretion of THS, DHEA and its metabolites, P2, 5-ene-pregnenes, and 3,16,20-dP3/3,16,20-dP3 ratio determined by GC-MS are important biochemical markers of ACC stages and can be used as ACC metastases prognostic markers

Composite Ferroelectric Membranes Based on Vinylidene Fluoride-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer and Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Wound Healing

Wound healing is a complex process and an ongoing challenge for modern medicine. Herein, we present the results of study of structure and properties of ferroelectric composite polymer membranes for wound healing. Membranes were fabricated by electrospinning from a solution of vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (VDF–TeFE) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in dimethylformamide (DMF). The effects of the PVP content on the viscosity and conductivity of the spinning solution, DMF concentration, chemical composition, crystal structure, and conformation of VDF–TeFE macromolecules in the fabricated materials were studied. It was found that as PVP amount increased, the viscosity and conductivity of the spinning solutions decreased, resulting in thinner fibers. Using FTIR and XRD methods, it was shown that if the PVP content was lower than 50 wt %, the VDF–TeFE copolymer adopted a flat zigzag conformation (TTT conformation) and crystalline phases with ferroelectric properties were formed. Gas chromatography results indicated that an increase in the PVP concentration led to a higher residual amount of DMF in the material, causing cytotoxic effects on 3T3L1 fibroblasts. In vivo studies demonstrated that compared to classical gauze dressings impregnated with a solution of an antibacterial agent, ferroelectric composite membranes with 15 wt % PVP provided better conditions for the healing of purulent wounds