New records of lichens from the Zeysky Nature Reserve (Amur Region, Russia)

The lichen biota of the Zeysky Nature Reserve (southern Russian Far East) was studied in the course of geobotanical expedition. In total 36 species of lichens and one lichenicolous fungus are reported for the first time for the reserve. Among them 19 are new to the Amur Region. Parmelia asiatica is reported for the first time for the southern Russian Far East, Cladonia norvegica – for the Asian part of Russia, Tuckermannopsis gilva – for Russia, Melanohalea laciniatula – for Asia. Four species are included in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation.

THE OUTLOOK ON THE E-COMMERCE IN RUSSIA IN TERMS OF DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS

The aim of the research is to emphasize the importance of online E-commerce on a worldwide scale in the context of the benefi ts it provides to the national governments. Special attention is paid to the key E-market trends in Russia and European Community with a brief overview of the statistics and analysis data, which proves the necessity for its future development. However, the potential development of e-market in Russia has certain restrictions, connected with the current economic downtown, lack of legal provision and general consumer’s distrust to online transactions. Authors dwell upon the possible ways of overcoming these urgent obstacles according to the European policy of bringing down barriers to unlock online opportunities, which is called the Digital Single Market (DSM). To do that, the paper explores the benefi ts of the DSM Strategy’s introduction in Europe and the reasons whether it could be implemented into the Russia’s frontiers or not. Finally, authors reckon that despite the fact that the several legislative improvements relating to electronic market has been introduced in recent years, there are several efficient suggestions to our government to scrutinize in order to achieve high rates of online sales, bring the economy up and enforce cross-border cooperation

New records of lichens and allied fungi from the Eastern Leningrad Region

Thirteen species of lichens and one related fungus are reported as new to the Eastern Leningrad Region. Two of them – Arthonia incarnata and Nephromopsis laureri – are also new to the whole Leningrad Region. One species – Lauderlindsaya acroglypta – is new to North-Western European Russia.

New records of lichens and allied fungi from the Leningrad Region, Russia. II

Thirty species of lichens, one lichenicolous fungus and two non-lichenized fungi are reported from the Leningrad Region (Eastern, Western or Saint-Petersburg). Candelaria pacifica, Lecanora compallens, Monodictys epilepraria and Vezdaea retigera are reported for the first time for Russia, Gregorella humida is new to European Russia, Micarea hedlundii and Strangospora microhaema are new to North-Western European Russia. Arctomia delicatula var. acutior, Coenogonium luteum and Lepraria aff. atlantica are new to the Leningrad Region. Brief discussions on most interesting records are included.

New records of lichens and allied fungi from the Leningrad Region, Russia. III

Eight species of lichen-forming, eight lichenicolous and three non-lichenized fungi are reported from the Leningrad Region. Arthonia caerulescens, A. ligniaria, Hawksworthiana peltigericola, Micarea pycnidiophora and Trichonectria rubefaciens are new to Russia; Micarea lutulata, Protoparmelia oleagina and Stictis radiata are new to the North-Western European Russia; Lichenoconium lecanorae, Phaeocalicium populneum, Phaeosporobolus usneae, Ramboldia cinnabarina, Stictis brunnescens and Strigula stigmatella are new to the Leningrad Region. Most noteworthy records are briefly discussed.

THE OUTLOOK ON THE E-COMMERCE IN RUSSIA IN TERMS OF DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS

The aim of the research is to emphasize the importance of online E-commerce on a worldwide scale in the context of the benefi ts it provides to the national governments. Special attention is paid to the key E-market trends in Russia and European Community with a brief overview of the statistics and analysis data, which proves the necessity for its future development. However, the potential development of e-market in Russia has certain restrictions, connected with the current economic downtown, lack of legal provision and general consumer’s distrust to online transactions. Authors dwell upon the possible ways of overcoming these urgent obstacles according to the European policy of bringing down barriers to unlock online opportunities, which is called the Digital Single Market (DSM). To do that, the paper explores the benefi ts of the DSM Strategy’s introduction in Europe and the reasons whether it could be implemented into the Russia’s frontiers or not. Finally, authors reckon that despite the fact that the several legislative improvements relating to electronic market has been introduced in recent years, there are several efficient suggestions to our government to scrutinize in order to achieve high rates of online sales, bring the economy up and enforce cross-border cooperation

New records of lichens and allied fungi from the Leningrad Region, Russia

Twelve species of lichenized and two lichenicolous fungi, and one non-lichenized calicioid fungus are reported from the Leningrad Region (Eastern, Western or Saint-Petersburg). Lecanora norvegica and Opegrapha lamyi are reported for the first time for Russia. Six taxa are also new to the whole Leningrad Region; four, Lecidella flavosorediata, Ochrolechia bahusiensis, Phaeocalicium praecedens and Tremella lichenicola – to North-Western European Russia, and one, the anamorphic lichen Dictyocatenulata alba is new to European Russia. Brief discussions on the species are included.

The lichen genera Thelidium and Verrucaria in the Leningrad Region (Russia)

Lichens from the genera Thelidium and Verrucaria in the Leningrad Region (including Saint-Petersburg) are revised. Altogether five species of Thelidium and 31 of Verrucaria are confirmed for this region. Four species (Thelidium minimum, T. olivaceum, Verrucaria maculiformis and V. trabalis) are new to the Leningrad Region, and 17 species (Thelidium aphanes, T. fontigenum, Verrucaria christiansenii, V. elevata, V. epilithea, V. helsingiensis, V. illinoisensis, V. inaspecta, V. invenusta, V. ligni- cola, V. pilosoides, V. polystictoides, V. pseudovirescens, V. rejecta, V. tectorum, V. tornensis and V. transfugiens) are new to Russia. Dubious records for the Leningrad Region include Verrucaria acrotella, V. floerkeana, V. fusca, V. nigrescens, V. obnigrescens, V. umbrinula and V. viridula.

Konevets Island (Leningrad Region, Russia) – a historical refuge of lichen diversity in Lake Ladoga

We present an updated checklist for Konevets Island (Leningrad Region, Russia). The revealed lichen biota comprises 435 species, including 378 lichens, 46 lichenicolous fungi and 11 non-lichenized saprobic fungi, of which 31 species (27 lichens and 4 lichenicolous fungi) are known only from collections made by Veli Räsänen (1917, 1938). Acremonium hypholomatis is reported for the first time for Russia; Caloplaca soralifera, Trapelia corticola, and Muellerella lichenicola for Northwestern European Russia; and Bacidia vermifera, Lecanora mughicola, Micarea contexta, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Rhizocarpon disporum, Stigmidium squamariae and Xylographa difformis for Leningrad Region. From lichenological point of view, the most valuable habitats of Konevets Island are old-growth spruce forests. The studied lichen biota is rich and diverse and exceptionally well-preserved in comparison to the mainland part of Karelian Isthmus. It definitely deserves protection

Development of national production through integration of machine building enterprises into industrial park structures

The article studies organizational & economic peculiarities of functioning of domestic industrial enterprises which consist in transformation of corporate vertically integrated structures into inter-company production associations. It is suggested to create industrial parks, as a main tool of development of territorial inter-company productive networks in machine building complex. Expedience of creation of industrial parks on the basis of large machine building enterprises is substantiated. Such initiatives are aimed at development of production of component base for structural industrial enterprises. Principles of creation of industrial parks are based on identified motivating and suppressing factors of integration of machine building enterprises into network production structures. Targeted indicators of monitoring of effectiveness of industrial parks functioning are offered. It suggested to use the following indicators as basic ones, for conduct of monitoring of indicators: level of import substitution of component production for enterprise-integrator; growth of total investments at enterprises-residents of park; indicator of growth of production of innovational products in total volume of products manufactured by park; indicator of growth of jobs in park’s structure; indicator of growth of the number of SME in park’s structure.peer-reviewe