Emilio Eiroa García (11/07/1991 - 15/09/1993) (PAR). Discurso de investidura: Sesión Plenaria número 2, primera reunión: martes, 9 de Julio de 1991

Abstract not availabl

Reflexões sobre a origem e o desenvolvimento do urbanismo e do modelo de vida urbana (os modelos da América do Sul)

In this work we assess the urbanization process of society in South America, with a focus on the Andean Area and a special emphasis on the novelties recently recovered by the archaeological works carried out in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, and in the southern regions of Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, where Archaeology has also recovered valuable evidence.REFLEXÕES SOBRE A ORIGEM E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO URBANISMO E DO MODELO DE VIDA URBANA (OS MODELOS DA AMÉRICAS DO SUL) En este trabajo se hace una valoración del proceso de urbanización de la sociedad en Suramérica, centrándose especialmente en el área andina, donde se destacan aquellas novedades recientemente recuperadas por los trabajos arqueológicos en Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia, así como en los territorios del sur de Argentina, Uruguay y sur de Brasil, donde también la arqueología ha recuperado notables evidencias

Análisis metálicos de armas procedentes de los ajuares funerarios del poblado Cerro de las Víboras de Bajil (Moratalla, Murcia)

In this paper the results of the metallic analysis of different pieces found in the grave goods of the tombs of El Cerro de las Víboras (Moratalla, Murcia, Spain), and the archaeological context in which they were located during the excavations are pre- sented.Se presentan en este trabajo los resultados de los análisis metálicos de diversas piezas halladas en los ajuares funerarios de las tumbas del Cerro de las Víboras de Bajil (Moratalla, Murcia, España), así como el contexto arqueológico en el que fueron halladas durante los trabajos de excavación

Arte de la Edad del Bronce: Los grabados rupestres de Cova da Bruxa y Laxe das Rodas (Muros, A Coruña): Actuación aqueológica y revisión intrepretativa

This article provides the results achieved in the fieldwork and subsequents study of the petroglyphs of Laxe das Rodas and Cova da Bruxa (Muros, A Coruña), after the developement of the research projects “Domumentación e rexistro da estación rupestre da Laxe das Rodas”, and “Proxecto de domumentación, de rexistro e de acondicionamento do entorno da estación rupestre de Laxe das Rodas (Muros, A Coruña)”, of the History Departament at the University of Santiago de Compostela, the municipality of Muros, and the Comunidad Autónoma of Galicia (Xunta de Galicia), with the collaboration the Area of Prehistory of the University of Murcia.Este artículo ofrece los resultados obtenidos en los trabajos de campo y posterior estudio de los conjuntos grabados de Laxe das Rodas y Cova da Bruxa (Muros, A Coruña), tras el desarrollo de los proyectos de investigación: “Domumentación e rexistro da estación rupestre da Laxe das Rodas” y “Proxecto de domumentación, de rexistro e de acondicionamento do entorno da estación rupestre de Cova da Bruxa (Serres, A Coruña)”, en los que participaron el Grupo de Estudos para a Prehistoria do Noroeste Ibérico (GEPN), del Departamento de Historia I de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, el Concello de Muros y la Xunta de Galicia, con la colaboración en la dirección científica del Área de Prehistoria de la Universidad de Murcia

IRAS 17423-1755 (Hen 3-1475) revisited: an O-rich high-mass post-Asymptotic Giant Branch star

The high-resolution (R=600) Spitzer/IRS spectrum of the bipolar proto-planetary nebula (PPN) IRAS 17423-1755 is presented in order to clarify the dominant chemistry (C-rich versus O-rich) of its circumstellar envelope as well as to constrain its evolutionary stage. The high quality Spitzer/IRS spectrum shows weak 9.7 um absorption from amorphous silicates. This confirms for the first time the O-rich nature of IRAS 17423-1755 in contradiction to a previous C-rich classification, which was based on the wrong identification of the strong 3.1 um absorption feature seen in the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) spectrum as due to acetylene (C2H2). The high-resolution Spitzer/IRS spectrum displays a complete lack of C-rich mid-IR features such as molecular absorption features (e.g., 13.7 um C2H2, 14.0 um HCN, etc.) or the classical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon infrared emission bands. Thus, the strong 3.1 um absorption band toward IRAS 17423-1755 has to be identified as water ice. In addition, a [Ne II] nebular emission line at 12.8 um is clearly detected, indicating that the ionization of its central region may be already started. The spectral energy distribution in the infrared (2-200 um) and other observational properties of IRAS 17423-1755 are discussed in comparison with the similar post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) objects IRAS 19343+2926 and IRAS 17393-2727. We conclude that IRAS 17423-1755 is an O-rich high-mass post-AGB object that represents a link between OH/IR stars with extreme outflows and highly bipolar PN.Comment: accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal (19 pages and 5 figures

A scenario of planet erosion by coronal radiation

Context: According to theory, high-energy emission from the coronae of cool stars can severely erode the atmospheres of orbiting planets. No observational tests of the long term effects of erosion have yet been made. Aims: To analyze the current distribution of planetary mass with X-ray irradiation of the atmospheres in order to make an observational assessment of the effects of erosion by coronal radiation. Methods: We study a large sample of planet-hosting stars with XMM-Newton, Chandra and ROSAT; make a careful identification of X-ray counterparts; and fit their spectra to make accurately measurements of the stellar X-ray flux. Results: The distribution of the planetary masses with X-ray flux suggests that erosion has taken place: most surviving massive planets, (M_p sin i >1.5 M_J), have been exposed to lower accumulated irradiation. Heavy erosion during the initial stages of stellar evolution is followed by a phase of much weaker erosion. A line dividing these two phases could be present, showing a strong dependence on planet mass. Although a larger sample will be required to establish a well-defined erosion line, the distribution found is very suggestive. Conclusions: The distribution of planetary mass with X-ray flux is consistent with a scenario in which planet atmospheres have suffered the effects of erosion by coronal X-ray and EUV emission. The erosion line is an observational constraint to models of atmospheric erosion.Comment: A&A 511, L8 (2010). 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 online table (included). Language edited; corrected a wrong unit conversion (g/s -> M_J/Gyr); corrected values in column 12 of Table 1 (slightly underestimated in first version), and Figure 2 updated accordingl

Nuevos datos sobre la Edad del Hierro en Alto Duero: el castro de El Pico (Cabrejas del Pinar, Soria)

This work presents data collected in an archaeological survey from the hill-fort of El Pico (Cabrejas del Pinar, Soria). The aim of the investigation was to assess the preserved archeological record and to provide a well-defined chrono-cultural determination to the site, which traditionally has been related to the “Sorian Hillforts Culture” of the Early Iron Age. The documented evidence shows a discrepancy between archaeological data and absolute dates. That circumstance allows to us discuss and propose a new chrono-cultural definition to El Pico, that actually it is linked with that archaeological group of “Ancient Celtiberic” (7^th-5^th centuries b. C.). The data suggest new lines of analysis in a zone where there were two archaeological groups (the Sorian Hillforts and Ancient Celtiberian archaeological sites) tied to a poorly defined historical process of the emergence of state societies.<br><br>El trabajo presenta los datos derivados de una investigación arqueológica realizada en el castro de El Pico (Cabrejas del Pinar, Soria). El objetivo de la misma era valorar el registro arqueológico conservado y proporcionar una adscripción cronológica definida al yacimiento, que tradicionalmente se había vinculado a la “Cultura Castreña Soriana” de la Primera Edad del Hierro. Las nuevas evidencias han mostrado una discrepancia entre datos arqueológicos y fechas absolutas. La discusión al respecto ha permitido determinar una adscripción cronocultural diferente para El Pico, relacionándola con el grupo de manifestaciones arqueológicas que configuran el Celtibérico Antiguo (siglos VII-V a.C.). Los datos plantean nuevas vías de análisis en una zona donde confluyen dos conjuntos arqueológicos (los Castros Sorianos y las entidades arqueológicas del Celtibérico Antiguo) que se relacionan con un proceso histórico de transición hacia las sociedades estatales poco definido y escasamente tratado

Estimation of the XUV radiation onto close planets and their evaporation

Context: The current distribution of planet mass vs. incident stellar X-ray flux supports the idea that photoevaporation of the atmosphere may take place in close-in planets. Integrated effects have to be accounted for. A proper calculation of the mass loss rate due to photoevaporation requires to estimate the total irradiation from the whole XUV range. Aims: The purpose of this paper is to extend the analysis of the photoevaporation in planetary atmospheres from the accessible X-rays to the mostly unobserved EUV range by using the coronal models of stars to calculate the EUV contribution to the stellar spectra. The mass evolution of planets can be traced assuming that thermal losses dominate the mass loss of their atmospheres. Methods: We determine coronal models for 82 stars with exoplanets that have X-ray observations available. Then a synthetic spectrum is produced for the whole XUV range (~1-912 {\AA}). The determination of the EUV stellar flux, calibrated with real EUV data, allows us to calculate the accumulated effects of the XUV irradiation on the planet atmosphere with time, as well as the mass evolution for planets with known density. Results: We calibrate for the first time a relation of the EUV luminosity with stellar age valid for late-type stars. In a sample of 109 exoplanets, few planets with masses larger than ~1.5 Mj receive high XUV flux, suggesting that intense photoevaporation takes place in a short period of time, as previously found in X-rays. The scenario is also consistent with the observed distribution of planet masses with density. The accumulated effects of photoevaporation over time indicate that HD 209458b may have lost 0.2 Mj since an age of 20 Myr. Conclusions: Coronal radiation produces rapid photoevaporation of the atmospheres of planets close to young late-type stars. More complex models are needed to explain fully the observations.Comment: Accepted by A&A. 10 pages, 8 figures, 7 Tables (2 online). Additional online material includes 7 pages, 6 figures and 6 tables, all include

¿Son trabajadores pobres los trabajadores que solo perciben en España el Salario Mínimo Interprofesional?

The answer to the question posed by the title of this paper is not trivial, forcing us to research and assess a series of aspects closely related to the subject in great detail. This study uses an analytical methodology to approach the question posed, taking as a starting point a search for the word "poor" in laws passed by the Spanish government. In the light of these results, it conducts a detailed observation of the official indicators to measure the poverty threshold in Spain, leading inevitably to also observing similar indicators in the autonomous regions, all with the final intention of comparing them with those set by the European Union in the document "Europe 2020". The paper’s approach then leads it to study the applicability of the European Union poverty threshold in Spain, by virtue of Spain’s ratification of the European Social Charter. This threshold can be determined through the last check on compliance by Spain with article 4 of the said charter, in 2010. Finally, it concludes with the actions taken by the Spanish government in connection with workers who only earn the minimum wage in Spain, considering whether these measures have been effective or simply cosmetic, and whether they have had the impact the situation required in view of the analysis conducted in this paper.; La respuesta a la pregunta que plantea el título de nuestro trabajo no es baladí, por lo que nos hemos visto obligados a investigar y analizar con todo detalle una suerte de aspectos íntimamente ligados a la cuestión. En nuestro estudio seguiremos una metodología de análisis que nos llevará a alcanzar la respuesta perseguida, tomando como punto de partida la búsqueda en las leyes que promulga el Estado de la palabra "pobre". A la luz de esos resultados, observaremos con detalle cuáles son los indicadores oficiales para medir el umbral de pobreza en España, que nos conducirán inevitablemente a observar también los indicadores autonómicos al respecto, todo ello con la intención final de contrastarlos con los fijados por la Unión Europea en el documento "Europa 2020". La senda que recorreremos con este trabajo nos conducirá al estudio de la aplicabilidad en España del umbral de pobreza de la Unión Europea, en virtud de la ratificación de la Carta Social Europea por nuestro país, pudiendo determinar ese umbral a través del último control del cumplimiento por España del artículo 4 de dicha Carta, en 2010. Por último, concluiremos con las acciones llevadas a cabo por el Gobierno español en relación con los trabajadores que sólo perciben en España el salario mínimo interprofesional, valorando si han sido medidas efectivas o efectistas, y si han alcanzado la trascendencia que requiere la situación a la vista del análisis realizado en este estudio.; Gure lanaren izenburuak planteatzen duen galderaren erantzuna ez da hutsala, eta harekin estuki lotutako zenbait alderdi xehetasun handiekin ikertu eta aztertu ditugu. Gure ikasketan jarraitutako analisi-metodologiak bilatutako erantzunera eramango gaitu, eta horretarako abiapuntua Estatuak onartutako legeetan "pobre" hitza bilatzea da. Emaitza horien argitara, Espainian pobreziaren ataria neurtzeko adierazle ofizialak zeintzuk diren xehetasunez begiratuko dira, eta horiek eramango gaituzte adierazle autonomikoak ere begiratzera, hori guztia Europar Batasunak "Europa 2020" dokumentuan finkatutakoekin alderatzeko xedearekin. Lan honekin jarraituko dugun bideak Espainian Europar Batasuneko pobreziaren atariaren aplikagarritasuna aztertzera eramango gaitu, gure Estatuak Europar Gizarte Gutuna berretsi baitu, Espainiak 2010ean Gutun horren 4. Artikulua betetzearen kontrolaren bidez. Azkenik, espainiar gobernuak gutxieneko lansaria soilik jasotzen duten langileen eremuan aurrera eramandako ekintzekin amaituko dugu, neurriok eraginkorrak edo engainagarriak izen diren baloratzeko, eta ea ikerketan egindako analisiaren argitara egoerak eskatzen duen garrantzia lortu duten

Molecular Outflows Identified in the FCRAO CO Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud

The 100 square degree FCRAO CO survey of the Taurus molecular cloud provides an excellent opportunity to undertake an unbiased survey of a large, nearby, molecular cloud complex for molecular outflow activity. Our study provides information on the extent, energetics and frequency of outflows in this region, which are then used to assess the impact of outflows on the parent molecular cloud. The search identified 20 outflows in the Taurus region, 8 of which were previously unknown. Both $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO data cubes from the Taurus molecular map were used, and dynamical properties of the outflows are derived. Even for previously known outflows, our large-scale maps indicate that many of the outflows are much larger than previously suspected, with eight of the flows (40%) being more than a parsec long. The mass, momentum and kinetic energy from the 20 outflows are compared to the repository of turbulent energy in Taurus. Comparing the energy deposition rate from outflows to the dissipation rate of turbulence, we conclude that outflows by themselves cannot sustain the observed turbulence seen in the entire cloud. However, when the impact of outflows is studied in selected regions of Taurus, it is seen that locally, outflows can provide a significant source of turbulence and feedback. Five of the eight newly discovered outflows have no known associated stellar source, indicating that they may be embedded Class 0 sources. In Taurus, 30% of Class I sources and 12% of Flat spectrum sources from the Spitzer YSO catalogue have outflows, while 75% of known Class 0 objects have outflows. Overall, the paucity of outflows in Taurus compared to the embedded population of Class I and Flat Spectrum YSOs indicate that molecular outflows are a short-lived stage marking the youngest phase of protostellar life.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 28 pages, 60 figures, 5 tables. For full abstract, see pape