Segurança nacional e estratégias energéticas de Portugal e de Espanha

A “Segurança Nacional e as Estratégias Energéticas de Portugal e Espanha” lida com um dos temas de maior relevância para a Segurança de ambos os países ibéricos: a questão da energia. O primeiro capítulo leva o leitor para o quadro internacional da energia e os riscos e as ameaças que afectam a segurança energética em termos globais e europeus. O segundo capítulo lida com as vulnerabilidades e potencialidades da Península Ibérica e com as vantagens que uma relação mais íntima e uma cooperação mais activa com o Magreb podem dar à segurança energética de Portugal e de Espanha. O terceiro capítulo trata do papel das energias alternativas, em especial da energia nuclear, como resposta às questões dos delimitados recursos energéticos e da carbonização do planeta. O último capítulo analisa a relação entre as novas ameaças à segurança e a questão energética, principalmente pela possibilidade de grupos terroristas utilizarem armas de teor químico, biológico ou radioactivo‑nuclear

Controle interno municipal como ferramenta de planejamento e acompanhamento da Gestão do Município de Santo Antônio de Pádua/RJ

O presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar os meios utilizados pela Prefeitura Municipal de Santo Antônio de Pádua para realizar o seu controle interno e externo. Esse controle é entendido como uma ferramenta crucial para o planejamento e acompanhamento da gestão municipal. De modo a atingir o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa com o Controlador Geral do município de Santo Antônio de Pádua, que é um município composto com menos de cinquenta mil habitantes, localizado no interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os principais resultados da presente pesquisa indicaram que o sistema utilizado para controle interno alinha-se ao recomendado pela literatura relacionada, sobretudo o que tange a lei orgânica do município. Constatou-se, ainda, que algumas limitações têm apontado, aos gestores municipais, os erros em termos de controle. Assim, o estudo propõe algumas soluções para otimizar o controle dessa gestão. Verificou-se, também, que os gestores possuem autonomia para desenvolver suas atividades e, dessa forma, ajuda o poder executivo a desempenhar suas atividades com mais efetividade, maior eficiência e eficácia servindo, portanto, como uma ferramenta indispensável para o planejamento e acompanhamento da gestão municipal de Santo Antônio de Pádua

Infestación por larvas de Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae) en el sable negro Aphanopus carbo (Osteichthyes: Trichiuridae) en aguas portuguesas

Aphanopus carbo, black scabbardfish, specimens from 3 Portuguese regions (the mainland, Madeira and the Azores) during four (mainland and Madeira) or two (Azores) seasons of the year were examined for the presence of Anisakis. All the fish examined (n=287) were infected with Anisakis L3 larvae (prevalence = 100%). Significant geographical differences in intensity were found: the Azores showed the lowest mean intensity value (53.7) and Madeira the highest one (253.9). The intensity of infection was positively correlated with the host length in specimens of Sesimbra and Madeira. Significant seasonal differences in intensity were found in the studied regions. The very high values in prevalence and intensity strongly suggest that the consumption of raw or undercooked black scabbard fish is a potential risk for human health.Se examinaron ejemplares de Aphanopus carbo de 3 regiones portuguesas (costa continental, Madeira y Azores) para determinar la presencia de Anisákidos durante cuatro (costa continental y Madeira) o dos (Azores) épocas del año. Todos los ejemplares examinados (n=287) estaban infectados por larvas L3 de Anisakis (prevalencia = 100%). Se encontraron diferencias geográficas significativas en la intensidad: Azores mostró el valor de intensidad media más bajo (53.7) y Madeira el más alto (253.9). La intensidad de infección mostró una correlación positiva con la talla del huésped en los casos de la costa continental y Madeira. Se encontraron diferencias estacionales significativas en la intensidad en las regiones estudiadas. Los altos valores encontrados en la prevalencia e intensidad sugieren que el consumo de sable negro crudo o medio crudo constituye un riesgo potencial para la salud humana

Uso de parásitos como marcadores biológicos en la identificación de stocks de sable negro, Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839 (Osteichthyes: Trichiuridae) en aguas portuguesas

We studied the use of parasites as biological tags for discriminating fish stocks of Aphanopus carbo (Osteichthyes: Trichiuridae) from Portugal (Sesimbra on the mainland, Madeira and the Azores). Sixteen different metazoan parasites were found (14 from Madeira, 9 from Sesimbra and 7 from the Azores). Some parasites occurred only in fish from Madeira. The prevalence and mean intensity of the infection was recorded for each parasite and locality, and their values were statistically compared between the three sampling localities and related to host length classes. The differences between some of these parameters were statistically significant among the three localities or between two of them. It is suggested that 6 parasites (Tentacularia coryphaenae, Sphyriocephalus tergestinus, Campbelliella heteropoeciloacantha, Anisakis spp., Bolbosoma vasculosum and unidentified Acanthocephala larvae) can be used as biological tags to discriminate Portuguese stocks of Aphanopus carbo.Se estudió el uso de parásitos como marcadores biológicos para discriminar los stocks de Aphanopus carbo (Osteichthyes, Trichiuridae) de Portugal (Sesimbra en el continente, Madeira y Azores Islas). Dieciséis parásitos metazoarios fueron encontrados (14 en Madeira, 9 en Sesimbra y 7 en Azores). Algunos parásitos se presentaron sólo en Madeira. La prevalencia y la intensidad media de las infecciones fueron calculadas para cada parásito y cada región, y sus valores fueron comparados estadísticamente entre los tres lugares de muestreo, y relacionados con la talla del huésped. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre algunos de estos parámetros de las tres regiones o entre dos de ellas. Se sugiere que 6 parásitos (Tentacularia coryphaenae, Sphyriocephalus tergestinus, Campbelliella heteropoeciloacantha, Anisakis spp., Bolbosoma vasculosum y larvas no identificadas de Acanthocephala) pueden ser usados como marcadores biológicos para discriminación de stocks de Aphanopus carbo de Portugal

Chemical Functionalization of Cellulosic Materials — Main Reactions and Applications in the Contaminants Removal of Aqueous Medium

The cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in the world and presents a higher chemical variability for presence of several hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups allow surface modification of biomaterials, with insertion of several chemical groups which change cellulose characteristics. This natural biopolymer and its derivatives have been used a lot as adsorbent, from several contaminants of aqueous medium due to biocompatibility, chemical degradability, and variability. Therefore, this chapter has the objective to review the literature about several cellulose surfaces or cellulosic material (incorporation of carboxymethyl, phosphorus, carboxyl, amines, and sulfur), presenting the main characteristics of reactions and showing its adsorption in application of aqueous medium (metals, dyes, and drugs), locating the main interactions between biomaterial/contaminant

Comparación preliminar de la microaglutinación microscópica (MAT) con la inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) para la detección de leptospirosis canina

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar las técnicas de MAT e IFI para la detección de anticuerpos en sueros de perros sospechosos de leptospirosis.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Multilayer Films Electrodes Consisted of Cashew Gum and Polyaniline Assembled by the Layer-by-Layer Technique: Electrochemical Characterization and Its Use for Dopamine Determination

We take advantage of polyelectrolyte feature exhibited by natural cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) (CG), found in northeast Brazil, to employ it in the formation of electroactive nanocomposites prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. We used polyaniline unmodified (PANI) or modified with phosphonic acid (PA), PANI-PA as cationic polyelectrolyte. On the other hand, the CG or polyvinyl sulfonic (PVS) acids were used as anionic polyelectrolytes. The films were prepared with PANI or PANI-PA intercalated with CG or with PVS alternately resulting in four films with different sequences: PANI/CG PANI-PA/CG, PANI/PVS and PANI-PA/PVS, respectively. Analysis by cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the films showed that the presence of gum increases the stability of the films in acidic medium. The performance of the modified electrode of PANI-PA/CG was evaluated in electro analytical determination of dopamine (DA). The tests showed great sensitivity of the film for this analyte that was detected at 10−5 mol L−1

Development of a Novel Biosensor Using Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide and Nickel Phthalocyanine Ultrathin Films for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine

The antimicrobial peptide dermaseptin 01 (DS 01), from the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis frogs, was immobilized in nanostructured layered films in conjunction with nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines (NiTsPc), widely used in electronic devices, using layer-by-layer technique. The films were used as a biosensor to detect the presence of dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, with detection limits in the order of 10−6 mol L−1. The use of DS 01 in LbL film generated selectivity in the detection of DA despite the presence of ascorbic acid found in biological fluids. This work is the first to report that the antimicrobial peptide and NiTsPc LbL film exhibits electroanalytical activity to DA oxidation. The selectivity in the detection of DA is a fundamental aspect for the development of electrochemical sensors with potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries

Development of a Novel Biosensor Using Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide and Nickel Phthalocyanine Ultrathin Films for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine

The antimicrobial peptide dermaseptin 01 (DS 01), from the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis frogs, was immobilized in nanostructured layered films in conjunction with nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines (NiTsPc), widely used in electronic devices, using layer-by-layer technique. The films were used as a biosensor to detect the presence of dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, with detection limits in the order of 10−6 mol L−1. The use of DS 01 in LbL film generated selectivity in the detection of DA despite the presence of ascorbic acid found in biological fluids. This work is the first to report that the antimicrobial peptide and NiTsPc LbL film exhibits electroanalytical activity to DA oxidation. The selectivity in the detection of DA is a fundamental aspect for the development of electrochemical sensors with potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries

Immobilization of biomolecules on natural clay minerals for medical applications

Biomolecules are a group of organic entities that are important in many areas of research on nanomaterials and for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Advanced systems have been developed to attempt to protect the activity of biomolecules from rapid degradation and instability. Among these techniques, the incorporation or immobilization of biomolecules has become popular in the development of biocomposites. As such, clay minerals appear to be promising materials; combining a nanometer-scale size with their adsorptive capacity, lack of toxicity, and biocompatibility would result in enhanced biomaterial properties. This mini?review discusses the recent advances concerning biological molecules immobilized on clay minerals and their biomedical applications as biosensors, in regenerative medicine, and even as controlled delivery systems