Mild psychotic experiences among ethnic minority and majority adolescents and the role of ethnic density

Despite evidence of the increased risk of psychotic disorders among ethnic minority adults, little is known about the effect of ethnic minority status to mild psychotic experiences among adolescents. This study investigated mild psychotic experiences in ethnic minority and majority adolescents in a Dutch representative general population sample, and tested the ethnic density effect in the classroom.The CAPE was used to assess mild psychotic experiences among Dutch (n = 3,606) and non-Western ethnic minority pupils (n = 769).Ethnic minority adolescents showed higher levels of grandiosity and delusions than their ethnic majority peers, whereas no differences were found for hallucinations, paranormal beliefs and paranoia between both groups of adolescents. The ethnic density effect was partly confirmed for the ethnic majority: a decrease of ethnic majority pupils in class increased their feelings of paranoia.Because only some dimensions of mild psychotic experiences were affected by ethnic minority status or the interaction between ethnic minority status and ethnic class composition, our findings emphasize that mild psychotic experiences are multifactorial in origin, with different underlying processes.</p

Развитие бизнес-процессов статистического управления качеством на Юргинском машзаводе

Micro-structured and thus functionalized surfaces offer high potentials for new approaches in processing techniques and product design. However, for mass production purposes quite a few challenges regarding the manufacturing of these surfaces have to be overcome. For the fast and economic production of large quantities of structured polymer films the extrusion embossing process is suitable. For embossing microstructures there are special requirements on temperature control because of the double function of the embossing roll. On the one hand the roll is used as an embossing roll with a high surface temperature to improve the embossing accuracy. On the other hand it is used as a cooling roll with a low surface temperature. Only by using variothermal heating systems these contradictory demands on the temperature control can be met. In order to achieve a high quality of the produced micro-structured films an integrative analysis and optimization of the entire process chain is required. This includes the manufacturing of suitable embossing rolls, the development of coating systems and the adaption of the extrusion process. This paper deals with the entire process chain for functionalized, super hydrophobic plastic parts with contact angles up to 165°. Therefore, conelike surface structures, mimicking the structure of lotus leaves, are replicated. Functionalized parts are produced in the injection molding as well as in the extrusion process; however, this paper focuses on the process chain of the extrusion process

Periclimenes macrorhynchia sp. nov., a new hydrozoan-associated pontoniine shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from North East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Eilbracht, Joni, Fransen, Charles H. J. M. (2015): Periclimenes macrorhynchia sp. nov., a new hydrozoan-associated pontoniine shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from North East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Zootaxa 3994 (3): 377-395, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3994.3.

Periclimenes macrorhynchia Eilbracht & Fransen, 2015, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Periclimenes macrorhynchia&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 1&ndash;8)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined&lt;/b&gt;. 1 ovigerous female holotype pocl. 2.1 mm, MZB Cru 4193 (GenBank accession number: KT 031403); 1 male allotype pocl 2.2 mm, RMNH. CRUS.D.57198 (GenBank accession number: KT 031404); 4 ovigerous female paratypes pocl. 2.15&ndash;2.35 mm, MZB Cru 4194, 4 ovigerous females pocl. 2.05&ndash;2.38 mm, 1 nonovigerous female pocl. 2.20 mm, 1 male pocl. 1.8 mm, paratypes RMNH. CRUS.D.57199: Indonesia, NE Kalimantan, Berau Islands, off Tanjung Batu, 02&ring;14'47.6&quot;N, 118&ring;05'36.6&quot;E, scuba diving, 13.x.2003, depth unknown, on hydrozoan &lt;i&gt;Macrorhynchia&lt;/i&gt; spec., collected by J. van Egmond, stn BER.19.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined for comparison&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes batei&lt;/i&gt; (Borradaile, 1917): 23 specimens, RMNH. CRUS.D.57200 (GenBank accession number: KT 031405): Indonesia, N Sulawesi, E Sarena Besar, 1&deg;27'34.1634&quot;N 125&deg;14'1.896&quot;E, depth 18 m, on &lt;i&gt;Dendronephthya&lt;/i&gt; spec., 31.i.2013, collected by B.T. Reijnen, stn LEM.03.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes burrup&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 2007: 1 male and 1 female paratype, RMNH.CRUS.D.50539: Western Australia, Burrup Peninsula, 20&ring;31.586&rsquo;S 116&ring;51.088&rsquo;E, 11 m, 27.x.1998, on &lt;i&gt;Dendronephthea&lt;/i&gt; spec., Dampier Archipelago Survey Stn DAI/98/30.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes hongkongensis&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1969: female holotype, RMNH.CRUS.D.33227: Hong Kong, Rocky Harbour, 22&ring;20&rsquo;N 114&ring;21&rsquo;E, depth 14 fms, 16.i.1965, on holothurian &lt;i&gt;Aphelodactyla andamensis&lt;/i&gt; (Bell), Cape St. Mary, Cr. 2/65.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes nomadophila&lt;/i&gt; Berggren, 1994: holotype female, allotype male, RMNH.CRUS.D.42892; 10 female paratypes, RMNH.CRUS.D.42893; 10 male paratypes, RMNH.CRUS.D.42894: Mo&ccedil;ambique, outside Ilha dos Portugueses, close to the northern half of Inhaca Island, ca. 26&ring;S 33&ring;E, 17.iii.1992, from pelagic rhizostomatous scyphozoans &lt;i&gt;Rhopilema nomadica&lt;/i&gt; Galil.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes obscurus&lt;/i&gt; Kemp, 1922: 7 specimens, RMNH.CRUS.D.42432: Thailand, Gulf of Thailand, S Thailand Surat Thani prov., in Don Sak River, 14.x.1991, don. Mrs. Somnuk Chaitiamvong, no. 5.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes sinensis&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1969: holotype, RMNH.CRUS.D.33231: Hongkong, locality uncertain, collected before 1962, from &lt;i&gt;Umbellulisera phanoregularis&lt;/i&gt; (Burchardt).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes toloensis&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1969: holotype male, RMNH.CRUS.D.33231: Hong Kong, Tolo Channel, Ap Island, trawled, 5&ndash;15 fms, 16.ii.1965, mud.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;P.&lt;/i&gt; ? &lt;i&gt;brucei&lt;/i&gt;: cf. Fransen (1994): 20 specimens, RMNH.CRUS.D.42886 and RMNH.CRUS.D.42889: Seychelles, Mah&eacute;, NE coast, North East Point, 4&ring;35&rsquo;S 55&ring;28&Eacute;, 14 m, NIOP-E stn SEY.618.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;P. granulimanus&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1978: 11 specimens, RMNH.CRUS.D.57201: Indonesia, NE Sulawesi, Lembeh Strait, Tanjung Kubur, 1&deg;28'44.6874&quot;N 125&deg;14'59.1354&quot;E, 15 m depth, 1.ii.2012, on hydrozoans on dead &lt;i&gt;Cirrhipathes&lt;/i&gt; overgrown by sponges, zoantharians and hydrozoans, collected by C.H.J.M. Fransen, stn LEM.06.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;P. laevimanus&lt;/i&gt; &Dcaron;uri&scaron;, 2010: holotype ovigerous female, RMNH.CRUS.D.53129; allotype male, RMNH.CRUS.D.53130; 3 paratype specimens, RMNH.CRUS.D.53131: Vietnam, Nhatrang Bay, 12&deg;10' 06.0N 109&deg;17' 45.1E, sandy-mud bottom, 14 m depth, 23.ix.2008, on hydroid, cf. &lt;i&gt;Lytocarpia&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by I. Marin.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt;. Small sized, slender pontoniine shrimp, with slender pereiopods (fig. 1).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Carapace smooth. Rostrum (fig. 2a&ndash;c) well developed, slender, straight, reaching distal margin of antennular peduncle; lateral carina indistinct, situated near to proximally slightly convex ventral margin with 2 (seldom 3) subdistal teeth; ventral lamina not developed, with single row of plumose setae; dorsal margin slightly convex, elevated, strongly compressed, with 8&ndash;10 subequal teeth, slightly decreasing in size distally, posteriormost tooth situated at level of posterior margin of orbit, with indistinct suture at base; 2&ndash;4 plumose setae just in front of each dorsal tooth. Epigastric spine distinct, mobile. Supra-orbital spines absent. Inferior orbital angle well developed, produced, angular in lateral view. Antennal spine of moderate size, marginal, situated below inferior orbital angle. Hepatic spine about as large as antennal spine, situated well behind level of posterior orbital margin and slightly below level of antennal spine. Antero-lateral angle of carapace blunt, not produced.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Abdominal segments (fig. 1) smooth. Pleura of first to fifth somites broadly rounded. Third segment not produced posterodorsally. Sixth abdominal segment almost twice as long as fifth, posteroventral angle feebly produced, rounded, posterolateral angle acute.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Telson (fig. 2d, e) 1.1 times as long as sixth abdominal segment and 3.8 times longer than anterior width; lateral margins converge posteriorly; two pairs of submarginal dorsal spines present at 0.55 and 0.80 of telson length, posterior margin with median acute tip, 0.30 of anterior width, with three pairs of spines. Lateral spines short, as long as dorsal spines. Intermediate spines well developed, about 0.17 of telson length, 2.2 times length of submedian spines. Uropods overreaching telson. Uropodal exopod longer than endopod, with small fixed distolateral tooth and distinct mobile spine medially, slightly longer than dorsal telson spines.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Eyes (fig. 1) well developed. Cornea globular, with distinct accessory pigment spot posterodorsally. Eyestalks almost twice as long as proximal width, slightly swollen proximally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Antennular peduncle (fig. 3a) with proximal segment long, slender, 2.2 times longer than wide; stylocerite slender, acute, reaching almost to middle of segment; lateral margin slightly convex, anterolateral margin produced, angular, with acute distolateral tooth and row of plumose setae continuing proximally on distolateral margin of basal segment; ventral margin with small submedian tooth at about 0.4 of length of segment; medial margin with row of short plumose setae. Statocyst with statolith. Intermediate and distal segments short, distal segment slightly longer than intermediate segment, together equal to 0.54 of proximal segment length. Upper flagellum biramous, with first 5 segments fused; short ramus with 3 segments; aesthetascs present on short free ramus only. Longer free ramus slender. Lower flagellum slender, about as long as upper flagellum.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Antennal basicerite (fig. 3b) with acute lateral tooth. Ischiocerite and merocerite normal. Carpocerite short, reaching 0.4 of length of scaphocerite. Scaphocerite long, rather slender, with lamella distinctly overreaching distal margin of antennular peduncle. Lateral border straight, ending in acute large distolateral tooth. Lamella extending beyond distolateral tooth, feebly angulated distomedially, about 3.3 times longer than broad, with greatest width at about one half of its length.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Epistome, labrum and paragnath without special features.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Third thoracic sternite unarmed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Fourth thoracic sternite (fig. 3c) with shallow broad lateral ridges with shallow median notch.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Fifth thoracic sternite (fig. 3c) with shallow lateral plates posteromedial of second pereiopods.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sixth to eighth thoracic sternites broad, unarmed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Mandible (fig. 3d) with cylindrical molar process with blunt teeth on strong chewing surface, with 2 short bands of few setae subdistally. Incisor process slender, with 3 (right) or 4 (left) teeth distally, of which lateralmost slightly enlarged. Mandible without palp.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Maxillula (fig. 3e) with upper lacinia rectangular with rows of few serrulate spines and slender setae medially; lower lacinia more slender, pointed, with serrulate setae distally; palp bilobed, medial lobe with single short recurved simple seta.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Maxilla (fig. 3f) with short tapering palp with few plumose setae laterally. Basal endite bilobed, distal lobe slightly broader than proximal lobe, both lobes with row of about 13 minutely serrate setae medially. Coxal endite obsolete, median margin convex, without setae. Scaphognathite normal, widest centrally, about 2.4 times longer than broad, with marginal plumose setae.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;First maxilliped (fig. 3g) with short, slender, tapering palp without setae. Basal region broad, separated from coxal region by notch, with median margin provided with setulose and slender simple setae. Coxal region strongly convex with few minutely serrulate setae medially. Caridean lobe with coarsely setulose plumose marginal setae. Flagellum of exopod well developed with 4 long plumose distal setae and one short subdistally. Epipod bilobed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Second maxilliped (fig. 3h) with dactylar segment narrow, about 3.7 times longer than wide, straight medially, densely fringed with numerous coarsely serrulate, spiniform, and long curled finely serrulate setae medially. Propodal segment longer than dactylar segment twice as long as wide, with distomedial margin not produced, with few long serrulate setae. Carpus short, unarmed. Meral segment short, not excavate, without setae. Ischium completely fused to basis, excavate medially. Basis with long slender exopod about as long as length of endopod, with 4 long plumose setae distally and one shorter plumose seta subdistally. Coxa slightly produced medially, with few simple setae medially, small oblong epipod laterally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Third maxilliped (fig. 4a) slender. Terminal segment 4.1 times longer than proximal width, 0.64 of length of penultimate segment, with rows of short serrulate setae medially and longer simple setae ventrolaterally. Penultimate segment slender, 6.5 times longer than wide with rows of long finely serrulate setae medially and ventrolaterally. Ischiomerus 1.1 times as long as penultimate segment, 5.8 times as long as distal width, medial margin with row of long minutely serrulate setae, with one subdistal lateral spine; basis medially convex with few simple setae. Exopod reaching 0.8 of ischiomeral segment, with 4 distal and 1 subdistal plumose setae. Coxa slightly produced medially, with rounded lateral plate, with small arthrobranch.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;First pereiopod (fig. 4b, c) slender, reaching to end of scaphocerite. Chela with palm subcylindrical, straight, 2.7 times longer than wide. Fingers as long as palm, straight not subspatulate, with brushes of few setae in distal part, cutting edges entire, tips of fingers hooked. Cleaning setae present proximally on palm and distoventral part of carpus. Carpus 1.1 times length of chela, 5.8 times longer than wide. Merus slightly longer than carpus, twice length of ischium. Ischium with medial setal ridge with few long simples setae. Basis with medial setose ridge. Coxa with distinct setose medial process.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Second pereiopods, unequal in length, dissimilar. Major second pereiopod (fig. 5a&ndash;c) extending beyond antennular peduncle with chela, carpus and distal half of merus. Chela with palm subcylindrical, straight, 6 times as long as wide, ventrally carinate. Fingers 0.37 of palm length. Dactylus as wide as fixed finger, fingers not gaping, both with brushes of setae in distal part, tips strongly hooked, cutting edges with 2 teeth proximally, distally entire. Carpus gradually increasing in width distally, merus and ischium unarmed, their length ratios of 0.93, 1.00 and 0.93 times length of palm. Basis with few setae medially. Coxa with small median setose process. Minor second pereiopod (fig. 6a&ndash;c) with fingers as long as subcylindrical palm, with setal brushes, fingers distally hooked, two shallow teeth in proximal part of cutting edge, distal part entire. Carpus gradually increasing distally, 0.8 times as long as chela; merus and ischium unarmed, merus as long as carpus, ischium 1.2 times as long as merus. Basis and coxa as in major chela.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The ambulatory pereiopods slender, similar in form, third pereiopod (fig. 6d) reaching with dactylus to distal margin of scaphocerite. Dactylus of third pereiopod (fig. 6e) long, slender, 0.26 of propodus length, 5.8 times as long as proximal width, with slender accessory tooth reaching to third of slightly curved unguis; flexor margin of corpus concave, entire. Propodus 14 times longer than wide, with two long distoventral spines, one pair even longer spines subdistally with a small spine in between, and one long spine proximally forming a grasping structure; with one small ventral spine at about 0.5 of propodus length. Carpus, merus and ischium 0.50, 1.02 and 0.48 of propodus length, unarmed. Fourth (fig. 7a, c) and fifth pereiopods (fig. 7b, d) similar as third; fourth with subdistal pair of spines, without the small one in between, proximalmost pair with one long outer and a shorter inner spine; fifth without distoventral pair of spines but with series of serrulate setae.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Endopod of first pleopod in ovigerous female (fig. 8a) short, 0.3 of length of exopod, with long plumose setae along its entire margin. Uropods extending beyond tip of telson. Protopodite unarmed laterally. Exopod with lateral border almost straight, slightly setose in proximal part, terminating in a small distolateral tooth with mobile spine medially, mobile spine 5 times as long as distolateral tooth.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ovigerous females with about 50 eggs of ca. 0.35 mm in diameter.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Endopod of first pleopod in male (fig. 8b) short, almost half length of exopod, 2.5 times as long as wide, broadening distally; apex angulate; medial margin with obtuse, hooked, distally directed lobe at distal third; and 5 short simple setae and 3 long plumose setae in proximal part; lateral margin rounded with row of about 6 long plumose setae. Endopod of second pleopod in male (fig. 8c), 0.86 times length of exopod; appendix interna overreaching half of endopod length, slender, about 10 times longer than distal width, with group of cincinnuli distomedially; appendix masculina slightly stouter and shorter than appendix interna, with 3 long distal setae and 2 shorter setae along medial margin.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Size&lt;/b&gt;. Postorbital carapace length between 2.0&ndash; 2.4 mm.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Colouration&lt;/b&gt;. Unknown.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Host&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Macrorhynchia&lt;/i&gt; spec. (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata, Aglaopheniidae).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Etymology&lt;/b&gt;. The specific name refers to the hydrozoan host genus &lt;i&gt;Macrorhynchia&lt;/i&gt; Kirchenpauer.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Variation&lt;/b&gt;. In 11 specimens two ventral rostral teeth were observed and in one of the larger ovigerous female specimens three ventral rostral teeth were present. Males are generally similar to females; they differ by their slightly smaller size and more slender body. The major second chela has the fingers 0.61 of the palm length. The minor second chela has the fingers as long as the palm.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Systematic position&lt;/b&gt;. Differences with species from the &lt;i&gt;P. obscurus&lt;/i&gt; species group:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;i&gt;P. batei&lt;/i&gt; (Borradaile, 1917). There is a difference between the descriptions of the holotype of &lt;i&gt;P. batei&lt;/i&gt; by Borradaile (1917) and Holthuis (1959), and the present comparative material in the dentition of the rostrum. In the holotype only 6 teeth are present on the dorsal lamina, the epigastral tooth is absent. In the material of RMNH.CRUS.D.57200 all specimens except one juvenile have an epigastral tooth. In the other juvenile specimens the epigastral tooth is minute (fig. 9a). These juvenile specimens have 6 teeth on the rostrum proper as in the holotype of &lt;i&gt;P. ba t e i&lt;/i&gt;. According to Holthuis (1959) the type specimen of &lt;i&gt;P. batei&lt;/i&gt; is not full-grown. Adult specimens of RMNH.CRUS.D.57200 usually have 7 or 8 dorsal teeth on the rostrum (fig. 9b) and a mobile epigastral tooth. The tooth in front of the epigastral tooth is situated just behind the orbit and has an indistinct suture basally. The fourth thoracic sternite (fig. 9c) has prominent lateral triangular ridges and a median V-shaped notch. The fifth thoracic sternite (fig. 9c) has shallow lateral plates posteromedial of the second pereiopods with a broad median notch. The telson (fig. 9d) is similar to that of the new species, possessing a median acute tip on the posterior margin. The genetic distance with the CO1 sequences of the new species is ca. 22%.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The first pereiopod (fig. 9e) is generally similar to that of the new species. The ischium (fig. 9f) has a medial setal ridge with few long simples setae as in the new species. The basis (fig. 9f) also has a medial setose ridge, but less prominent than in the new species. The coxa (fig. 9f) has a distinct setose medial process, but less developed than in the new species. The major second pereiopod in juvenile specimens (fig. 10a) of RMNH.CRUS.D.57200 is as depicted for the holotype by Holthuis (1959) with the palm about 1.5 times the length of the fingers. In adult specimens the palm is about 4 times as long as the fingers (fig. 10b&ndash;d). In &lt;i&gt;P. ba t e i&lt;/i&gt; the carpus of the major second chela is distinctly shorter than the palm and merus while it is subequal in length in the new species. The minor second pereiopod (fig. 10e) has a more slender chela. The carpus is as long as the merus and slightly longer than the palm. The propodus of the third pereiopod (fig. 11a, c, d) has 4 single moderately long subdistal ventral spines in its distal 2/3rd while the new species has a subdistal pair of long spines with a smaller one in between followed by one long spine proximally and another single medium sized spine at about half the propodus length. In adult specimens the propodus is more slender than in the juvenile specimen which is also visible in the drawing of the holotype made by Holthuis (1959). The ambulatory pereiopods bear many long setae while in the new species less and shorter setae are present. The accessory tooth of the dactylus (fig. 11b, e) is less than half the length of the unguis as in the new species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;i&gt;P. burrup&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 2007 lacks the epigastral tooth which is present in the new species, and has the carpus of the major second chela distinctly shorter than the palm and merus while this is subequal in length in the new species. The species lacks the transverse ridges on the fourth thoracic segment while these are present in the new species. - &lt;i&gt;P. delagoae&lt;/i&gt; Barnard, 1958 has the fourth thoracic sternite with a low transverse ridge with median notch (Bruce, 1987) as is present in the new species. The major second chela (Bruce, 1987: fig. 9c) has the carpus distinctly shorter than the merus and the palm while it is of equal length in the new species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;i&gt;P. hongkongensis&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1969 has the rostral lamina deep with 13&ndash;17 dorsal teeth and 3 or 4 ventral teeth (Bruce 1982: figs. 8A, C, 9A), while it is not deep in the new species which has 9&ndash;11 dorsal and two (seldom one) ventral teeth. The major second pereiopod (Bruce 1982: fig. 8D) has the carpus distinctly shorter than the palm and merus while it is about as long as palm and merus in the new species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;i&gt;P. incertus&lt;/i&gt; Borradaile, 1915 has the major second pereiopod short and robust with the carpus shorter than the palm and the merus, and the fingers typically gaping (Holthuis 1952: fig. 7e [as &lt;i&gt;P. i m p ar&lt;/i&gt;]) while the carpus is about as long as the palm and the merus and the chale never with the fingers gaping in the new species. &lt;i&gt;P. incertus&lt;/i&gt; has the ambulatory dactyls (Kemp 1922: fig. 17d [as &lt;i&gt;P. impar&lt;/i&gt;]; Bruce 1980: fig. 5B) robust, with the accessory tooth stout, subequal in length to the unguis while the dactylus is slender and the accessory tooth half the length of the unguis in the new species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;i&gt;P. nomadophila&lt;/i&gt; Berggren, 1994 has the carpus of the major second chela (Berggren 1994: fig. 4D) distinctly shorter than the palm and the merus while it is of about equal length in the new species. &lt;i&gt;P. nomadophila&lt;/i&gt; has the ambulatory dactyl (Berggren 1994: fig. 5A&ndash;H) with or without a minute accessory tooth, ca 0.2 of the unguis length while the accessory tooth is well developed and about 0.5 of the unguis length in the new species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - &lt;i&gt;P. obscurus&lt;/i&gt; Kemp, 1922 has one (seldom two) well developed ventral tooth situated at about 2/3rd of the ventral margin of the rostrum (fig. 12a, b) while the new species usually has two small ventral spines in the distal fourth of the ventral rostral margin. The telson (fig. 12c) is similar to that of the new species. The ischium and basis of the first pereiopod (fig.

Periclimenes obscurus

Key to species of the &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes obscurus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Periclimenes granulimanus&lt;/i&gt; species groups &lt;p&gt;1. Ambulatory pereiopods without or with minute accessory tooth................................................. 2&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;- Ambulatory pereiopods with distinct accessory tooth......................................................... 6&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 2. One pair of dorsal telson spines; carapace without epigastric spine; first pereiopod coxa with ventral setose process, fingers with cutting edges distinctly gaping.............................. &lt;i&gt;P. tonga&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1988 [associated with scyphozoans]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;- Two pairs of dorsal telson spines; carapace with epigastric spine; fingers with cutting edges not distinctly gaping.......... 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 3. First pereiopod coxa with ventral setose process; R. 9/2..... &lt;i&gt;P. nomadophila&lt;/i&gt; Berggren, 1994 [associated with scyphozoans]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&ndash; First pereiopod coxa without setose process................................................................. 4&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 4. Major second pereiopod extremely long and slender, overreaching scaphocerite by proximal merus, carpus longer than both chela or merus; walking dactyli feebly biunguiculate with short distoventral tooth on corpus, propodi with long spines arranged to 4 distoventral pairs....................................... &lt;i&gt;P. b r u c e i&lt;/i&gt; &Dcaron;uri&scaron;, 1990 [associated with antipatharians]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&ndash; Major second pereiopod longer than minor one, both pereiopods slender, overreaching scaphocerite by distal merus, carpus short &ndash; distinctly shorter than both chela or merus; walking dactyli simple or with rudimentary distoventral tooth on corpus, propodi with 1&ndash;3 single proximal spines in addition to 2&ndash;4 distoventral pairs of long spines......................... 5&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 5. Major second pereiopod smooth; minor second chela with cutting edges entire................................................................................................ &lt;i&gt;P. laevimanus&lt;/i&gt; &Dcaron;uri&scaron;, 2010 [associated with hydroids]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &ndash; Major second pereiopod granulate; minor second chela with 1&ndash;2 teeth on cutting edges................................................................................... &lt;i&gt;P. granulimanus&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1978 [associated with antipatharians]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;6. Carapace with isolated epigastric spine.................................................................... 7&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;- Carapace without epigastric spine........................................................................ 13&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 7. Ambulatory dactyli robust, with accessory tooth stout, subequal to unguis; R. 1+5/ 1.................................................................................... &lt;i&gt;P. incertus&lt;/i&gt; Borradaile, 1915 [usually associated with sponges]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;- Ambulatory dactyli slender, without or with slender accessory tooth, shorter than unguis............................. 8&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;8. Second pereiopods subequal, similar, carpus about as long as palm.............................................. 9&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;- Second pereiopods clearly unequal and dissimilar, carpus shorter than palm...................................... 10&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 9. Unguis of dactylus of ambulatory pereiopods as long as corpus. R.1+6-9/1(rarely 2)................................................................................... &lt;i&gt;P. obscurus&lt;/i&gt; Kemp, 1922 [associated with sponges and hydroids]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - Unguis of dactylus of ambulatory pereiopods 0.65 times as long as corpus; R.1+6-10/2(rarely 3).................................................................................. &lt;i&gt;P. macrorhynchia&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/b&gt; [associated with hydroids]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 10. Rostral lamina deep, 13&ndash;17 dorsal teeth, 3 or 4 ventral teeth.... &lt;i&gt;P. hongkongensis&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1969 [associated with holothurians]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;- Rostral lamina not deep, less than 11 dorsal teeth, 1 or 2 ventral teeth.......................................... 11&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 11. Dorsal telson spines minute: major chela 4.3 times longer than wide, finger length 0.4 times palm: dactylus with accessory spine 0.5 times unguis; R. 1+8/1..................... &lt;i&gt;P. toloensis&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1969 [associated with Gorgonaria and hydroids]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;- Dorsal telson spines normal............................................................................ 12&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 12. Fourth thoracic sternite with transverse ridge with keyhole shaped median notch; R. 1+8-9/2............................................................................................. &lt;i&gt;P. terangeri&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1998 [host not known]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - Fourth thoracic sternite lacking transverse ridge with median notch...... &lt;i&gt;P. delagoae&lt;/i&gt; Barnard, 1958 [associated with &lsquo;coral&rsquo;]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 13. First pereiopod with carpus much shorter than chela; subequal to palm; R. 6/1.............................................................................................. &lt;i&gt;P. batei&lt;/i&gt; (Borradaile, 1917) [associated with Alcyonacea&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;- First pereiopod with carpus subequal to or longer than chela................................................... 14&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 14. Second pereiopods slender, subequal, with fingers of major chela subequal to palm, carpus more than half palm length; R. 9&ndash; 10/2...................................................... &lt;i&gt;P. sinensis&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 1969 [associated with Alcyonacea]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; - Second pereiopods robust, markedly unequal, with fingers of major chela distinctly shorter than palm, major carpus ca half palm length; R. 8&ndash;11/1&ndash;2...................................... &lt;i&gt;P. burrup&lt;/i&gt; Bruce, 2007 [associated with Alcyonacea]&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Eilbracht, Joni &amp; Fransen, Charles H. J. M., 2015, Periclimenes macrorhynchia sp. nov., a new hydrozoan-associated pontoniine shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from North East Kalimantan, Indonesia, pp. 377-395 in Zootaxa 3994 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on page 394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3994.3.3, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/240186"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/240186&lt;/a&gt

Element sensitive reconstruction of nanostructured surfaces with finite elements and grazing incidence soft X ray fluorescence

The geometry of a Si$_3$N$_4$ lamellar grating was investigated experimentally with reference-free grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. While simple layered systems are usually treated with the matrix formalism to determine the X-ray standing wave field, this approach fails for laterally structured surfaces. Maxwell solvers based on finite elements are often used to model electrical field strengths for any 2D or 3D structures in the optical spectral range. We show that this approach can also be applied in the field of X-rays. The electrical field distribution obtained with the Maxwell solver can subsequently be used to calculate the fluorescence intensities in full analogy to the X-ray standing wave field obtained by the matrix formalism. Only the effective 1D integration for the layer system has to be replaced by a 2D integration of the finite elements, taking into account the local excitation conditions. We will show that this approach is capable of reconstructing the geometric line shape of a structured surface with high elemental sensitivity. This combination of GIXRF and finite-element simulations paves the way for a versatile characterization of nanoscale-structured surfaces