Neighborhood Complexity and Kernelization for Nowhere Dense Classes of Graphs

We prove that whenever G is a graph from a nowhere dense graph class C, and A is a subset of vertices of G, then the number of subsets of A that are realized as intersections of A with r-neighborhoods of vertices of G is at most f(r,eps)|A|^(1+eps), where r is any positive integer, eps is any positive real, and f is a function that depends only on the class C. This yields a characterization of nowhere dense classes of graphs in terms of neighborhood complexity, which answers a question posed by [Reidl et al., CoRR, 2016]. As an algorithmic application of the above result, we show that for every fixed integer r, the parameterized Distance-r Dominating Set problem admits an almost linear kernel on any nowhere dense graph class. This proves a conjecture posed by [Drange et al., STACS 2016], and shows that the limit of parameterized tractability of Distance-r Dominating Set on subgraph-closed graph classes lies exactly on the boundary between nowhere denseness and somewhere denseness

Measurement of the Nucleon Structure Function F2 in the Nuclear Medium and Evaluation of its Moments

We report on the measurement of inclusive electron scattering off a carbon target performed with CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory. A combination of three different beam energies 1.161, 2.261 and 4.461 GeV allowed us to reach an invariant mass of the final-state hadronic system W~2.4 GeV with four-momentum transfers Q2 ranging from 0.2 to 5 GeV2. These data, together with previous measurements of the inclusive electron scattering off proton and deuteron, which cover a similar continuous two-dimensional region of Q2 and Bjorken variable x, permit the study of nuclear modifications of the nucleon structure. By using these, as well as other world data, we evaluated the F2 structure function and its moments. Using an OPE-based twist expansion, we studied the Q2-evolution of the moments, obtaining a separation of the leading-twist and the total higher-twist terms. The carbon-to-deuteron ratio of the leading-twist contributions to the F2 moments exhibits the well known EMC effect, compatible with that discovered previously in x-space. The total higher-twist term in the carbon nucleus appears, although with large systematic uncertainites, to be smaller with respect to the deuteron case for n<7, suggesting partial parton deconfinement in nuclear matter. We speculate that the spatial extension of the nucleon is changed when it is immersed in the nuclear medium.Comment: 37 pages, 15 figure

Transition to Residency:National Study of Factors Contributing to Variability in Learner Milestones Ratings in Emergency Medicine and Family Medicine

PURPOSE: The developmental trajectory of learning during residency may be attributed to multiple factors, including variation in individual trainee performance, program-level factors, graduating medical school effects, and the learning environment. Understanding the relationship between medical school and learner performance during residency is important in prioritizing undergraduate curricular strategies and educational approaches for effective transition to residency and postgraduate training. This study explores factors contributing to longitudinal and developmental variability in resident milestones ratings, focusing on variability due to graduating medical school, training program, and learners using national cohort data from emergency medicine (EM) and family medicine (FM). METHOD: Data from programs with residents entering training in July 2016 were used (EM: n = 1,645 residents, 178 residency programs; FM: n = 3,997 residents, 487 residency programs). Descriptive statistics were used to examine data trends. Cross-classified mixed-effects regression were used to decompose variance components in milestones ratings. RESULTS: During postgraduate year (PGY)-1, graduating medical school accounted for 5% and 6% of the variability in milestones ratings, decreasing to 2% and 5% by PGY-3 for EM and FM, respectively. Residency program accounted for substantial variability during PGY-1 (EM=70%; FM=53%) but decreased during PGY-3 (EM=62%; FM=44%), with greater variability across training period in patient care (PC), medical knowledge (MK), and systems-based practice (SBP). Learner variance increased significantly between PGY-1 (EM=23%; FM=34%) and PGY-3 (EM=34%; FM=44%), with greater variability in practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI), professionalism (PROF), and interpersonal communication skills (ICS). CONCLUSIONS: The greatest variance in milestone ratings can be attributed to the residency program, and to a lesser degree, learners and medical school. The dynamic impact of program-level factors on learners shift during the first-year and across the duration of residency training, highlighting the influence of curricular, instructional, and programmatic factors on resident performance throughout residency

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Multicysticdysplastickidney(MCDK)isthemost common cystic renal anomaly found in children and the second cause of palpable mass in neonates after hydronephrosis. The kidney is characterized by the presence of multiple non-communicating cysts in absence of normal parenchyma

Comparing everolimus‐based immunosuppression with reduction or withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitor reduction from 6 months after heart transplantation: The randomized MANDELA study

In the 12-month, open-label MANDELA study, patients were randomized at month 6 after heart transplantation to (1) convert to calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free immunosuppression with everolimus (EVR), mycophenolic acid and steroids (CNI-free, n = 71), or to (2) continue reduced-exposure CNI, with EVR and steroids (EVR/redCNI, n = 74). Tacrolimus was administered in 48.8% of EVR/redCNI patients and 52.6% of CNI-free patients at randomization. Both strategies improved and stabilized renal function based on the primary endpoint (estimated GFR at month 18 posttransplant postrandomization) with superiority of the CNI-free group vs EVR/redCNI: mean 64.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2) vs 52.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2); difference + 11.3 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (P = 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in 31.8% and 55.2% of EVR/redCNI and CNI-free patients, respectively, and by >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in 4.5% and 20.9%. Rates of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) were 6.8% and 21.1%; all cases were without hemodynamic compromise. BPAR was less frequent with EVR/redCNI vs the CNI-free regimen (P = .015); 6 of 15 episodes in CNI-free patients occurred with EVR concentration mL. Rates of adverse events and associated discontinuations were comparable. EVR/redCNI from month 6 achieved stable renal function with infrequent BPAR. One-year renal function can be improved by early conversion to EVR-based CNI-free therapy but requires close EVR monitoring. Clinical trials registry: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00862979

Common Practices for Divorce Education

Co-parenting plays a key role in children\u27s outcomes when parents dissolve their intimate relationship. As a result, educators have developed divorce education programs to support healthy co-parenting and parenting practices among parents going through the process of separation and divorce. Despite much progress, challenges remain concerning how to measure the impact of divorce education programs, limitations in research and evaluation study design, and development and delivery of programming tailored to unique contexts. In this article, we aim to provide scholars and practitioners an overview of common practices related to divorce education. Additionally, we examine promising areas for growth to encourage scholarship that can move beyond describing common practices toward recommending best practices that increase positive outcomes for families who experience divorce