PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE EXAMPLE IRKUTSK OBLAST

The article presents important medico-ecological problems: preservation of an effect of influence of air pollution in the subsequent generations; environmental and medical consequences of the cumulative ecological danger; taking into account regional features at the harmonization of hygienic standards; use of modern approaches to formation of target preventive programs. Relevance of these problems is observed on the example of Irkutsk region. Irkutsk region is one of the largest advanced industrial subjects of Russian Federation. The leading industries are energy, pulp-and-paper and chemical, wood and woodworking, nonferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering. Concentration of the industry in the south of the region has led to high man-caused environmental load. Under conditions of reduced ability to self-purification of environmental objects this fact results in formation of zones of ecological trouble. Environmental and medicosocial problems occurring in a long-term technogenic mercury pollution are very important and require more systematic studies. Bratsk water reservoir is strongly polluted by technogenic Hg. Among rural population living near the toxicant sources the signs of unfavorable mercury effects have been revealed: mercury microcirculation in the organism (10,5 % of cases with group level urinary mercury > 5,2 microg/l), disorders of vegetative nervous system (87 % in intact group vs 43 % in the group of comparison; р ≤ 0,05) and pathology of thyroid glands (14,6 % children in intact group vs 8,1 % in the group of comparison; р ≤ 0,05). The aims of ecological medicine must include prevention as well as safe remediation and translational therapeutic intervention in human populations after exposures. The conception of development of the programs aimed at the coordination of activity of preventing ecologically caused losses was proposed

ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CAUSED HEALTH DISORDERS

The article reviews the main problem, of environmental hygiene and medical ecology — the absence of unity of methodological approaches to the detection of environmental health, disorders (EHD)

Chronic respiratory pathology and life quality of the adolescents living in industrial centers

At present the pathology of laryngeal and respiratory organs is known to prevail in the structure of the child and adolescent morbidity in the industrial centers of the northern and eastern regions of the country and their proportion reaches 70 %. The disease symptoms of the respiratory tracts (the obstacle nose, discomfort and throat tickling as well as the hoarseness) and especially their complications may lead to the decrease in the life quality of children and adolescents. Taking into account that at present time it is impossible to remove technogenic air pollution totally, the complex studies on revealing the unfavorable factors, which may influence the organisms of the children and adolescents, are known to be the prior task of the preventive medicine. The aim of the study was to examine the frequency chronic respiratory pathology and influence on the adolescents life quality of industrial centers of Irkutsk region with different levels of technogenic pollution. 410 adolescents (14-17 years) for a long time living in the regions with the different air pollution levels air with the developed oil-chemical and industries were examined. The differences in the structure of chronic respiratory pathology were revealed in the examined adolescents: under conditions of the air pollution with a complex of chemical compounds with a high Hasard Index (HI = 17) the respiratory diseases prevail, and with the medium level (HI = 3,6) the nasal diseases prevail. It was found that that about 12,6 % of the morbidity variability in the category of the respiratory organs, in particular the throat pathology in the teenagers may be correlated with the air pollution. The more significant factors of forming the chronic respiratory pathology were found to be the health state, characterized by the laboratory indices (common microbial number of the nasal cavity and the pharynx; activity of lysocyme); chemical inhalation exposure; the work of the parents under harmful conditions during the period before child birth. The study results may be considered as the basis for the optimization of the approaches to the diagnostics and prevention of the respiratory pathology of adolescents

Electronic-microscopic estimation of changes in erythrocytes ultrastructure under influence of low-frequency ultrasound

The paper presents the estimation of changes of erythrocytes ultra-structure under influence of low-frequency ultrasound using various types of waveguides. It was demonstrated that application of ultrasound contributes to change of erythrocyte form and size, which depend on intensity, duration and type of the waveguide

THE ESTIMATION OF INFORMATION VALUE OF CERTAIN FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF ALLERGOPATOLOGY OF THE RESPiRATORY TRACT IN ADOLESCENTS

The prevalence of the bronchial asthma (BA) and the perennial allergic rhinitis (CAR), according to the questionnaire and medical examination, adolescents living in the industrial center of Irkutsk region, was 68 ± 3,4 per 100 patients. The most informative factors were: a positive skin prick test, detectable by skin testing, frequent respiratory infections in the history of passive smoking and family history

Analysis and Strategies for Securing Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population of Siberia

Priorities and directions of development of the Russian economy are connected with the eastern territories. The purpose of the study is to the identify key problems and substantiate indicators of the hygienic and epidemiological welfare of the population of Siberia. Two blocks of characteristics (“public health” and “environment”) are considered in dynamics for 5 years in the context of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District. Four groups of territories differed in terms of the incidence rate and the average life expectancy (ALE) using cluster analysis. It is shown that ALE depends on economic indicators. The incidence is associated with the amount of gross pollutant emissions in the atmospheric air (r = 0.83–0.96; p < 0.001). The assessment of the influence of the habitat on the health of the population at the level of the macroregion allowed to substantiate the hierarchy of the most significant factors. More than 98 % of the environmentally related component of morbidity is associated with the amount of gross emissions of harmful substances in the air (the contribution was 69 %), the provision of the population with doctors (12.6 %) and inpatient beds (6.7 %), the gross regional product (6.5 %), clean water consumption (3 %) and average per capita income (0.8 %). In conclusion, for the successful implementation of preventive strategies, an important stage is the development of a set of solutions for the effective use of resources available in the region (financial, personnel, medical, rehabilitation)

PROBLEMS OF THE FINANCIAL RESULT ANALYSIS OF THE COMPANIES CONSOLIDATED GROUP IN THE INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS

The analysis of the financial result of the companies consolidated group has considered. The interpretation of the «financial result» concept applied to the group of financial and organizational related enterprises has given. It has shown, that the main analysis problems are the relationships opacity within the group as well as the specificity of the individual companies accountability and their subsequent consolidation into the group's accountability. An example of the financial result analysis of the companies group operating in the conditions of the investment development program has given

Official and Business Styles’ Presentation of Genres in the Education Text

Статья посвящена методическим вопросам ознакомления студентов вуза с жанрами документов в процессе преподавания документной лингвистики. Авторы считают, что организация учебного процесса в той его части, которая посвящена типологии письменных жанров официально-делового стиля, может быть сопряжена с научной работой студентов. Рассматриваются основные проблемы изучения жанровой специфики документов и пути их решения в процессе освоения предмета «Документная лингвистика».The article is devoted to the methodological issues of higher school students’ familiarization with the genres of documents in the teaching of documentary linguistics. The authors believe that the organization of the educational process in that part of it, which is devoted to the typology of official business style’s written genres, can be associated with the students’ scientific work. The main problems of studying the genre specificity of documents and ways to solve them in the process of mastering the subject “Documentary linguistics” are considered

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENT RECRUITMENT

Introduction: the article deals with the complex of new-format career guidance activities and implementation of innovative approaches to the work with university entrants under increasing competition in the field of higher education in Russia. The relevance of the topic is in the evaluation of the quality and efficiency of recruiting future university students, which is an important factor in the implementation of policies aimed at improving the quality of the university educational services. The aim of this research is to analyse the effectiveness of innovative approaches implemented in the field of career guidance. Materials and Methods: the empirical basis for this article is provided by Lobachevsky University’s local documents related to implementation of the University Educational Cluster programme and other career guidance activities. Some results of a series of sociological studies conducted at Lobachevsky University during the summer admission campaigns from 201 1 to 2016 are presented. For the primary data collection we used the survey method, the effective and illustrative mechanism for monitoring customer satisfaction in the context of educational services. Results: the results obtained in the course of our study during 2011–2016 were systematized and analyzed. Conclusions are formulated and proposals are made regarding the optimization of the university’s career guidance program, the implementation of new formats and types of activities to attract talented university entrants. Discussion and Conclusions: in our study, we demonstrated the current state of information support for applicants, the criteria for choosing the educational institution. We also determined the degree of influence of various factors on the applicants, as well as a number of other indicators. It is noted that the qualitative composition of university applicants and prospective students largely depends on the systematic work and a set of activities carried out by the university in partnership with secondary education institutions and with their active participation. It also depends on the implementation of educational projects with an innovative research component, and on the implementation of digital technologies in the recruitment activities. Research results can be used to develop new effective areas in the university career guidance programs, including those in the field of pre-university education. These results can be also used in studies of the motivation issues for choosing a higher education institution by 10th and 11th grade school students