Two-dye images of stimulus and response in a cardiac cell.

<p>Images are of [Ca²⁺] derived by <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055778#pone.0055778.e004" target="_blank">equation 4</a> from fluorescence of fluo-4 and fluo-4FF. The cell, an atrial cardiomyocyte, was enzymatically dissociated and its plasma membrane permeabilized by saponin. Frames, of which one of every 5 is shown, were acquired at 1.8 ms intervals. The first frame shows resting fluorescence and also the spot where IR light is applied, between the 5^th and 6^th frames, to un-cage Ca²⁺ from NP-EGTA and produce the artificial spark. Ca²⁺ in the spark reaches the membrane and elicits a propagated response. “Trigger [Ca²⁺]” is measured at the cell membrane in the frame marked “90 ms”. In selected frames, the cell contour traced on the first frame is reproduced in white. A slight offset of contour and Ca²⁺ transient in the last images reflects contractile movement.</p

Patient Characteristics.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> +8, trisomy 8; PB, peripheral blood; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; RA, refractory anemia; RCUD, refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia; RCMD, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia; RAEB, RA with excess of blasts; MDS-U, myelodysplastic syndrome unclassified; RARS-T, RA with ringed sideroblasts and thrombocytosis; CMML, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; AML-MDRC, AML with myelodysplasia-related changes; AML NOS, AML not otherwise specified; APL, acute promyelocytic leukemia. In bold patient with constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism.</p><p>Patient Characteristics.</p