Biomimetic organisations: a management model that learns from nature

Since the end of the last century, different approaches for corporate management have been appearing that try to incorporate the social advances that are being produced and disseminated thanks to the greater capacity of communication available through social networks and other traditional avenues. Among the best known are Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, the Circular Economy, and Collaborative Economics. All of them add value to organisations, and all of them have a common characteristic: they are anthropocentric approaches. Our proposal goes a step further: we need a worldview that is capable of placing organisations in a position of continuous learning looking at nature, because it is the best way to integrate into it as a more ecosystem and thus achieve its flowering respecting the once to all the other subsystems that make up the planet: Organizational Biomimicry. This work compares the anthropocentric vision with the worldview at the same time that it offers a guide of the essential steps so that Organizational Biomimicry is the new model of corporate management.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Propuesta para el fortalecimiento de las competencias ambientales en los estudiantes de 5to de secundaria de una Institución Educativa de Lambayeque, 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación denominado “Propuesta para el fortalecimiento de las competencias ambientales en los estudiantes de 5to de secundaria de una Institución Educativa de Lambayeque, 2021”, se desarrolló con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de competencias ambientales en estudiantes de 5to de secundaria de una Institución Educativa de Lambayeque. Para lo cual la investigación fue de diseño no experimental de nivel descriptivo explicativo, teniendo una muestra de 75 estudiantes pertenecientes a cuatro secciones de la Institución Educativa San Pedro. Se empleó como instrumentos de recolección de datos el cuestionario, mismo que contó con 25 ítems. Los resultados permitieron concluir que en lo referente al nivel de competencias ambientales se pudo observar que 561,3% de los educandos se ubicaron en el nivel logrado con respecto a su conocimiento de competencias ambientales, y otro grupo enmarcó en un nivel en proceso 36% (27 educandos) dejando dos educandos a cada extremo (nivel en inicio y destacado). Indicando que la mayoría de los educandos conocen las competencias ambientales, sin embargo, si no ponen en práctica esos conocimientos significa que no se sienten involucrados con la naturaleza y su cuidad

Student Learning styles and Teaching Strategy at a University in Tarapoto

The research adopted a quantitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, with the objective of determining the relationship between students' learning styles and teacher teaching strategies. The population was made up of 228 students from the National University of San Martin. Using the CAMEA40 and teaching strategies questionnaires, the data were processed with IBM SPSS STATISTICS version 26, to determine the relationship between both variables, the Spearman coefficient (rho) was used, and the normality of the test data was analyzed. by Kolmogorov Smirnov The results revealed that the predominant learning styles were pragmatic (77.63%), reflective (75%), active (72.81%), and theoretical (68.42%). Regarding teacher teaching strategies, a high level was observed in the pre-instructional dimension (56.58%) and medium levels in the co-instructional and post-instructional dimensions (48.25% and 47.81%, respectively). It was concluded that there is a positive and significant correlation between learning styles and teaching strategies, highlighting significant relationships for active (rho=.18, p<.05), reflective (rho=.23, p<.05) styles. ), theoretical (rho=.27, p<.05), and pragmatic (rho=.25, p<.05). These findings highlight the importance of considering learning styles when designing effective teaching strategies.La investigación adopto un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y las estrategias de enseñanza docente. La población estuvo constituida por 228 estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Utilizando los cuestionarios CAMEA40 y de estrategias de enseñanza, los datos fueron procesados con IBM SPSS STATISTICS versión 26, para determinar la relación entre ambas variables, se usó el coeficiente de Spearman (rho), y se analizó la normalidad de los datos de la prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov Los resultados revelaron que los estilos de aprendizaje predominantes fueron pragmáticos (77.63%), reflexivo (75%), activo (72.81%), y teórico (68.42%). En cuanto a estrategias de enseñanza docente, se observó un nivel alto en la dimensión pre-instruccional (56.58%) y niveles medios en las dimensiones co-instruccional y pos-instruccional (48.25% y 47.81%, respectivamente). Se concluyó que existe una correlación positiva y significativa entre los estilos de aprendizaje y las estrategias de enseñanza, destacándose relaciones significativas para los estilos activo (rho=.18, p<.05), reflexivo (rho=.23, p<.05), teórico (rho=.27, p<.05), y pragmático (rho=.25, p<.05). Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de considerar los estilos de aprendizaje al diseñar estrategias de enseñanza efectivas. &nbsp

La donación de órganos y tejidos en el Código Civil Peruano

A pesar que existen muchos casos sobre el tema materia de investigación en donde para quien goza de buena salud es casi imposible percibir el dolor ansiedad, depresión e impotencia que padecen los cientos de enfermos que aguardan la voluntad de sus semejantes para poder prolongar sus vidas pero su agonía se prolonga y empieza a crecer la desesperanza, al saber que cada vez son menos las personas dispuestos ser donantes o permitir que sus familiares lo sean. Nuestra indiferencia frente al dolor humano nos convierte en cómplices de cultura de insensibilidad que nos corroe a todos, sin pesar que un ser querido nuestro o nosotros podríamos estar en la misma situación de ese enfermo en un futuro. En el Perú solo existen de 3 a 5 donantes por cada millón de peruanos lo que genera anualmente la muerte de un tercio de los mil 300 pacientes que se encuentran en lista de espera, quienes fallecen al no recibir algún órgano a tiempo. Un solo donante voluntario puede salvar por lo menos a otras personas, pues cada donante puede proporcionar 2 corneas, 1higado, 2pulmones, 2riñones, además de piel y huesos. El Estado debería hacer leyes más compulsivas e imperativas que protejan la donación, para las personas que irresponsablemente manejan en estado de ebriedad causando accidentes de tránsito además de causar su muerte y de otras personas inocentes con una sanción resarcitoria donde esta persona sea un donador obligatorio. Y no solo produciría un doble efecto positivo porque no solo se salvaría la vida de las personas que aguardan bastante tiempo por un órgano u tejido que ellos necesitan para salvar su vida sino además se estaría previniendo accidentes de tránsito por el uso excesivo de alcohol. Es una manera de convertir una muerte absurda en una esperanza de vida, no es un simple problema de doctores y algunos enfermos, esto es un problema de carácter moral que envuelve a toda la sociedad de igual manera a las leyes que nos rigen y regulan esta materia ya que toda ley debe darse en la realidad.Tesi

Acute Myocardial Infarction and Predisposing Risk Factors

Foundation: more than seven million people die each year as a result of ischemic heart disease. The incidence of risk factors constitutes an overload of activity for the heart, which presupposes an increase in the occurrence of myocardial infarction. Objective: determine the epidemiology of acute myocardial infarction and predisposing risk factors. Method: a descriptive, analytical, longitudinal, retrospective study of a series of cases was carried out from the population with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction evaluated in the Medical Emergency Service of the Carlos Enrique Font Banes Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital, Holguín province during the period May 2022-2023. The universe covered 57 diagnosed individuals. By simple random probabilistic sampling, a sample of 38 cases was obtained. The variables were operationalized: age, sex, type of infarction, risk factors, global cardiovascular risk. The following statisticians were used: Pearson's Chi square, Odd Ratio (OR), including p and confidence interval. Results: the male sex prevailed in 63.1 %. The age group 60-69 years old was the most affected with 31.6 %. Painful acute myocardial infarction was 71.1 % (OR=6), with ST elevation 76.3 % (OR=10.3) and on the posterior side 39.5 % obtained high statistical values. The risk factors, arterial hypertension (X2=25.4 OR=14 95 % CI (4.6; 42.3) and family history of cardiovascular disease (X2=5.2 OR=2.9 95 % CI (1, 1; 7.4)) expressed a highly significant association for acute myocardial infarction. The mean global cardiovascular risk predominated (52.6 % OR=1.23 X2=0.21). Conclusions: individuals with acute myocardial infarction show an average global cardiovascular risk at the expense of preventable risk factors

Diverse Large HIV-1 Non-subtype B Clusters Are Spreading Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Spain

In Western Europe, the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is dominated by subtype B. However, recently, other genetic forms have been reported to circulate in this population, as evidenced by their grouping in clusters predominantly comprising European individuals. Here we describe four large HIV-1 non-subtype B clusters spreading among MSM in Spain. Samples were collected in 9 regions. A pol fragment was amplified from plasma RNA or blood-extracted DNA. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood, including database sequences of the same genetic forms as the identified clusters. Times and locations of the most recent common ancestors (MRCA) of clusters were estimated with a Bayesian method. Five large non-subtype B clusters associated with MSM were identified. The largest one, of F1 subtype, was reported previously. The other four were of CRF02_AG (CRF02_1; n = 115) and subtypes A1 (A1_1; n = 66), F1 (F1_3; n = 36), and C (C_7; n = 17). Most individuals belonging to them had been diagnosed of HIV-1 infection in the last 10 years. Each cluster comprised viruses from 3 to 8 Spanish regions and also comprised or was related to viruses from other countries: CRF02_1 comprised a Japanese subcluster and viruses from 8 other countries from Western Europe, Asia, and South America; A1_1 comprised viruses from Portugal, United Kingom, and United States, and was related to the A1 strain circulating in Greece, Albania and Cyprus; F1_3 was related to viruses from Romania; and C_7 comprised viruses from Portugal and was related to a virus from Mozambique. A subcluster within CRF02_1 was associated with heterosexual transmission. Near full-length genomes of each cluster were of uniform genetic form. Times of MRCAs of CRF02_1, A1_1, F1_3, and C_7 were estimated around 1986, 1989, 2013, and 1983, respectively. MRCA locations for CRF02_1 and A1_1 were uncertain (however initial expansions in Spain in Madrid and Vigo, respectively, were estimated) and were most probable in Bilbao, Spain, for F1_3 and Portugal for C_7. These results show that the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in Spain is becoming increasingly diverse through the expansion of diverse non-subtype B clusters, comprising or related to viruses circulating in other countries

Opresion/emancipacion de la enfermería. marcos evolutivos, manifestaciones y perspectivas

Qualitative Investigation descriptive, with boarding dialectic and historical perspective. It characterized to study the process of the oppression/ emancipation of nursing Liberteña period 1980-2007. The theoretical referents are GRAMSCI (oppression and Hegemony), SCOTT (Gender) and DEMO (Political). 07 nurses participated in the teaching, assistance and entities associative. The delimitation was made with the technique of saturation, used the oral interview technique thematic and semantic analysis. As product of the compilation and analysis of the testimonies of los/as actor / ace, 3 thematic areas and his categories were identified: thematic Area evolutionary Frames of the process oppression / emancipation of the Infirmary(Nursing), categories: historical Events and sociopolitical and The events of kind(genre) 1980-2006 that influenced to oppress / emancipate to the infirmary(nursing). Thematic area Manifestations that favor and prevent the emancipation of the infirmary(nursing) liberteña, categories: professional Exercise(Fiscal year) with predominance intrahospitalario Vs. Professional exercise(fiscal year) with community predominance; Nurses formed(trained) with educational Biomedical model Vs. Nurses formed(trained) in educational perspective dialectical social; Nurses without political power Vs. Nurses with political power and labour oppressive System Vs. Labour system fairly social. Thematic area Perspectives to reach the emancipation of the Peruvian infirmary(nursing) and Liberteña, categories: To know and increasing Power, Strengthening of the social and professional identity and. Legal and social legitimacy of the Infirmary(Nursing). The offer of the work understood: Formation of the conscience of emancipation, formation(training) of professional and social groups, preparation in sabers and involucramiento professional, social, political.Investigación cualitativa descriptiva, con abordaje dialéctico y perspectiva histórica. Se caracterizó por estudiar el proceso de la opresión/ emancipación de la enfermería Liberteña período 1980-2007. Los referentes teóricos son GRAMSCI (opresión y Hegemonía), SCOTT (Género) y DEMO (Política). Participaron 07 enfermeras de docencia, asistencia y entidades asociativas. La delimitación se hizo con la técnica de saturación, se utilizó la técnica de entrevista oral y el análisis temático y semántico. Como producto de la recolección y análisis de los testimonios de los/as actor/as, se identificaron 3 áreas temáticas y sus categorías: Área temática Marcos evolutivos del proceso opresión/emancipación de la Enfermería, categorías: Acontecimientos históricos y sociopolíticos y Los acontecimientos de género 1980-2006 que influyeron para oprimir/emancipar a la enfermería. Área temática Manifestaciones que favorecen y obstaculizan la emancipación de la enfermería liberteña, categorías: Ejercicio profesional con predominio intrahospitalario Vs. Ejercicio profesional con predominio comunitario; Enfermeras formadas con modelo educativo Biomédico Vs. Enfermeras formadas en perspectiva educativa dialéctico social; Enfermeras sin poder político Vs. Enfermeras con poder político y Sistema laboral opresor Vs. Sistema laboral con justicia social. Área Temática Perspectivas para alcanzar la emancipación de la enfermería Peruana y Liberteña, categorías: Saber y Poder creciente, Fortalecimiento de la identidad social y profesional y. Legitimidad legal y social de la Enfermería. La propuesta del trabajo comprendió: Formación de la conciencia de emancipación, formación de colectivos profesionales y sociales, preparación en saberes e involucramiento profesional, social, político

Family Aggregation and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Affected Individuals

Foundation: breast cancer is a systemic, multifactorial, polymorphic disease that develops in women with no family history of the disease. The possibility of family inheritance is described in 15-20 % of cases. Objective: to determine the family aggregation for breast cancer and the risk factors associated with this disease. Method: an analytical, retrospective, case-control type study was carried out, from individuals who attended the municipal genetic risk consultation located at the César Fornet Frutos University Polyclinic, Banes municipality, Holguín province in the period July-December 2019 aimed at verifying the existence or not of family aggregation of breast cancer. By simple random sampling, the sample consisting of 47 cases and 141 controls was obtained. The sample, consisting of 47 cases and 141 controls, was obtained by simple random sampling. The variables were: personal and family history of oncological disease, age, menarche, age at menopause, contraceptive pill ingestion, first child age of birth, breastfeeding, alcohol intake, smoking, family history. A questionnaire designed for the purposes of the study was applied. The Chi square calculation and Odds Ratio allowed estimating association between variables and the magnitude of association. Results: the age group of 60-69 years prevailed. The risk factors for smoking (OR = 4.1), ingestion of the contraceptive pill (OR = 3.1), and alcohol (OR = 2.8) had the highest association with the disease. A genetic counseling strategy was proposed based on the results. Conclusions: confluence of genetic and environmental factors determines family aggregation of breast cancer

Agregación familiar en individuos con hipertensión arterial esencial y factores de riesgo

Fundamento: la hipertensión arterial es la elevación constante de las cifras de tensión arterial con un origen poligénico y mutifactorial. Es la hipertensión arterial una enfermedad de alta incidencia y prevalencia a nivel mundial. Objetivo: demostrar la agregación familiar para hipertensión arterial esencial y factores de riesgo en individuos afectados. Método: se realizó una investigación observacional, analítica, longitudinal y retrospectiva, de caso/ control a partir de la consulta de referencia para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Banes, provincia Holguín durante el período octubre 2019 marzo 2020. El universo abarcó la totalidad de individuos diagnosticados y sus familias. Por muestreo aleatorio simple, se obtuvo la muestra de 91 casos. Se conformó el grupo control a razón de 3:1 que incluyó 273 individuos. Fueron cumplidos los requisitos bioéticos. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión/exclusión. Fueron utilizados los estadígrafos: Chi cuadrado, Odd Ratio (OR), incluidos p e intervalo de confianza. Se operacionalizaron las variables: edad, sexo, grado de consanguinidad y factores de riesgo. Se obtuvo el árbol genealógico. Resultados: los grupos de edades 56-65 años y 66 años y más, resultaron los más afectados. Predominó el sexo masculino (53,9 %). Los familiares de primer y segundo grado de consanguinidad mostraron la mayor incidencia de la enfermedad. Se encontró asociación entre la enfermedad y el antecedente familiar de esta (X2=321,4), con un riesgo incrementado para los familiares de los casos respecto a los controles (OR=10,93). Los factores de riesgo predominantes fueron: tabaquismo (OR=2,18) y el antecedente familiar de enfermedad (OR=0,74). Se demostró la asociación de factores de riesgo con la enfermedad (X2=176,9). Conclusiones: la hipertensión arterial esencial es una enfermedad multifactorial, compleja y poligénica con agregación familiar demostrada

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Epidemiology of and its Complications

Background: the number of people with diabetes mellitus worldwide has quadrupled in the last three decades and is currently the ninth leading cause of death. Objective: to determine the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: a descriptive, analytical, retrospective, case/control study was carried out at the César Fornet Frutos Polyclinic in the Banes municipality, from September to December 2021. The universe included all individuals diagnosed with the disease. By simple random sampling, a sample of 27 cases was obtained and the control group was formed at a ratio of 2:1, which included 54 individuals with no history of the disease. The statisticians were used: Chi square, Odd Rattio, confidence index, probability and attributable percentage risk and the association between variables was established. The analyzed variables were: sex and age, risk factors, associated diseases and complications of the disease. Results: the age groups of 60-69 years old, 70 years old and over (29.6 %) were representative. The female sex prevailed (55.5 %). The risk factors obtained significant statistical values: inadequate diet (X2=59.28 OR=16.5), obesity (X2=13.06 OR=3.22), family history (X2=8.91 OR=0, 38) and dyslipidemias (X2=1.21 OR=1.4). Ischemic heart disease (39.5 % X2=7.1 RAP=23.4 %), arterial hypertension (23.4 % X2=45.6) and bronchial asthma (16 % X2=74.6) were the associated diseases of higher incidence. Complications with increasing prevalence were: diabetic nephropathy and lactic acidosis (X2=39.1), ischemic heart disease (X2=26.7 OR=33) (X2=26.7 OR=33) and nonketotic hyperosmolar state (X2 =21.4). Conclusions: diabetes mellitus is a complex, multifactorial disease prone to complication