10 research outputs found
Efecto de la aplicaci贸n de diversas l谩minas y frecuencias de riego en la propagaci贸n del romero (rosmarinus officinalis l.)
La obtenci贸n de pl谩ntulas de romero se limita a la propagaci贸n vegetativa, pues las semillas presentan poca viabilidad. Pese a ser un cultivo en expansi贸n, existe poca informaci贸n sobre el consumo de agua en la etapa de propagaci贸n. Por lo tanto, se aplicaron l谩minas y frecuencias de riego utilizando un dise帽o completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 4 x 2. El primer factor fue la frecuencia de riego (4 y 8 d铆as), y el segundo la l谩mina de riego (0,6; 0,8; 1,0 y 1,2 de la evaporaci贸n dentro del invernadero). El coeficiente de 1,0 combinado con la frecuencia de riego de 4 d铆as present贸 los mejores resultados en la altura (39,3 cm), masa fresca, masa seca y longitud total de ramas (146 cm). La l谩mina de riego afect贸 la masa fresca y seca de las hojas independientemente de la frecuencia. El contenido relativo de agua en las hojas no mostr贸 diferencias debido a que las condiciones ambientales minimizan el efecto de los tratamientos. El porcentaje de enraizamiento no determin贸 diferencias significativas para frecuencia ni para l谩mina; la frecuencia de riego afect贸 el comportamiento del romero debido a que la turba retiene gran contenido de humedad. Con un coeficiente de 1,0 y una frecuencia de riego de cuatro d铆as, se obtuvo un mayor n煤mero de ramas (34), lo cual es importante desde el punto de vista productivo, pues 茅ste es el material que se comercializa. El manejo del agua cambia la distribuci贸n de los fotoasimilados en la planta de romero.Rosemary seedlings are obtained by vegetative propagation because the seeds present low viability. Despite being an expanding crop, there is little information on water consumption during the propagation stage. Water levels and irrigation frequencies were therefore applied using a completely randomised design having a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor concerned irrigation frequency (4 and 8 days) and the second concerned water level (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 evaporation inside the greenhouse). A 1.0 coefficient combined with 4-day irrigation frequency presented the best results regarding height (39.3 cm), fresh weight, dry weight and branch length (146 cm). Water level affected the fresh and dry weight of leaves regardless of frequency. Relative water content in leaves did not present differences due to environmental conditions minimising treatment effect. Rooting percent- tage showed no significant differences regarding irrigation frequency or water level. Irrigation frequency did not affect rosemary growing pattern because sphagnum retains high moisture content. The best branch number (34) was obtained with 1.0 coefficient and 4-day frequency, this being important from the production point of view because this is the material which is sold. Water management changes photoassimilate distribution in rosemary plants
SOILS, FERTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER Establishment of DRIS norms for the nutritional diagnosis of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) clone RRIM 600 on the Eastern Plains of Colombia
Establecimiento de la norma de DRIS para el diagn贸stico nutricional del caucho (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) clon RRIM 600 en la altillanura de Colombia Edinson Chac贸n-Pardo 1 , Jes煤s H. Camacho-Tamayo 2 , and Orlando Arguello 3 ABSTRACT RESUMEN The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) is an efficient method for evaluating the nutritional status of crops and was initially developed for rubber. In Colombia, the size of the rubber crop has grown significantly during the last decade, but recommendations do not yet exist for crop nutrition management at a local level. The aim of the present study wasto determine preliminary DRIS norms for rubber clone RRIM 600 under the conditions found on the Eastern Plains of Colombia. To this end, 78 leaf samples were collected, 19 of which were classified as high-yield, showing production above 2,690 kg ha -1 , while the remaining 59 samples were classified as low-yield. The highest variance ratio and the value of R were used as criteria for selecting DRIS norms and were found to present differences, only coinciding for 32 of the studied ratios. The calculation of the DRIS indexes was carried outusing the determined norms; and K was found to be the element that most strongly limited production and showed the greatest probability of exhibiting a response upon exogenous application. Additionally, small quantities of Cu and S can generate imbalances that influence the yield of this clone. El sistema de diagn贸stico y recomendaci贸n integral (DRIS) es un m茅todo eficiente para evaluar el estado nutricional de los cultivos, desarrollado inicialmente para el caucho. En Colombia, el cultivo de caucho ha crecido de manera significativa en la 煤ltima d茅cada, pero a煤n no existen recomendaciones de manejo nutricional a nivel local. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo obtener la norma preliminar DRIS para el cultivo de caucho clon RRIM 600 bajo condiciones de la altillanura Colombiana. Se tomaron 78 muestras de tejido foliar, de las cuales 19 se clasificaron como de alto rendimiento con producciones superiores a los 2.690 kg ha -1 , las restantes 59 muestras se clasificaron como de baja productividad. Para la selecci贸n de las normas DRIS se utiliz贸 el criterio de mayor relaci贸n entre varianzas y el criterio de valor de R, encontrando que los m茅todos presentan diferencias y solo coinciden en 32 de las relaciones estudiadas. Con las normas obtenidas se realiz贸 el c谩lculo de los 铆ndices DRIS encontrando que el K es elemento que m谩s limita la producci贸n y mayor probabilidad de respuesta tiene a la aplicaci贸n y que peque帽as cantidades de Cu y S pueden generar desequilibrios que influyan en la productividad de este clon
Normas dris para caucho clon fx3864 en los Llanos orientales de colombia
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue obtener las normas preli-minares de diagn贸stico y recomendaci贸n integral DRIS para el cultivo de caucho clon FX3864 (Hevea brasiliensis) bajo condiciones de la altillanura colombiana para los elementos N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Cu, Zn y B, para ello se tomaron 77 muestras de tejido foliar de plantaciones comerciales con edades entre 10 y 12 a帽os. Para la selecci贸n de las rela-ciones que se convirtieron en normas se utiliz贸 el m茅todo de mayor relaci贸n entre varianzas entre la poblaci贸n de baja productividad sobre la de alta productividad. De las 132 re-laciones posibles se seleccionaron 66, destac谩ndose relacio-nes como P/N, N/K, NXCa. El nutriente m谩s limitante es el K seguido del N por defecto y el Ca seguido del S por exceso.The present study aimed to establish the preliminary diagno-sis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms for the rubber tree clone FX3864 (Hevea brasiliensis) under the conditions of the Colombian Eastern Plains for the elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and B. For this purpose, 77 foliar samples were taken from a 10- to 12-year-old com-mercial crop. The element ratios that contributed the grea-test variance between high- and low- productivity populations were selected for conversion into norms. Of the 132 possible ratios, 66 were selected, with ratios including P/N, N/K and NXCa proving most important. The most limiting nutrients were K and N when deficient and Ca and S when in excess.Incluye referencias bibliogr谩fica
EFECTO DE DOS SUSTRATOS Y DIFERENTES L脕MINAS DE RIEGO EN LA PROPAGACION DE ROMERO (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) EFFECT OF TWO SUBSTRATES AND DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS IN THE PROPAGATION OF ROSEMARY (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)
RESUMEN Existe poca informaci贸n sobre l谩minas de riego y de sustratos adecuados para la propagaci贸n de romero bajo invernadero, que permitan al productor aprovechar la capacidad productiva total de la planta. Bajo condiciones de estr茅s, el romero limita la producci贸n de biomasa seca y fresca. Se evalu贸 el efecto de dos sustratos y diferentes l谩minas de riego en la propagaci贸n del romero. Se realiz贸 un dise帽o experimental completamente al azar con diez tratamientos, producto de la combinaci贸n de cinco l谩minas de riego (coeficientes multiplicadores de la evapotranspiraci贸n 0,6; 0,8; 1; 1,2 y 1,4) y dos sustratos: suelo negro (SN) y mezcla de suelo negro y cascarilla de arroz quemada (ME); cada tratamiento tuvo cuatro repeticiones para un total de 40 unidades experimentales (UE). El mejor coeficiente (l谩mina) para la propagaci贸n de esquejes de romero fue uno. El mejor sustrato para la propagaci贸n de romero es ME en proporci贸n 1:1 en volumen. El sustrato ME present贸 una mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) que el suelo negro de p谩ramo. Una mayor cantidad de agua gener贸 mayor longitud de ramas. La mayor producci贸n de biomasa fresca y seca, se obtuvo con la aplicaci贸n del coeficiente de riego de uno y el sustrato ME.SUMMARY Little information on irrigation and substrates in nurseries for rosemary propagation under greenhouse conditions, that allows the producer to obtain the total productive capacity of the plant, is available. Under stress conditions the rosemary plant limits the production of dry and fresh biomass. The present work was carriet out with the objective to evaluate the effect of two substrates and different irrigation levels in the propagation of this aromatic plant. An completely random experimental design with ten treatments, product of the combination of five irrigation levels (multiplying coefficients of evapotranspiration 0.6, 0.8, 1, 12, and 1.4) and two substrates, black soil (BS) and the mixture of BS and burned rice husk (BRH), proportion 1:1, were applied, each treatment with four replica for a total of 40 experimental units (UE). The best coefficient (irrigation levels) for the propagation of cuttings was found to be number one. The best substrate for the propagation of rosemary was the mixture of black soil with rice husk in a proportion in volume of 1:1. The substrate BRH showed a higher efficiency in water use than the black soil obtained from moor. A higher water availability generated greater branch length. Higher production of fresh and dry biomass was obtained with the application of the coefficient of irrigation number 1 and the substrate BRH
DRIS NORMS FOR THE RUBBER CLONE FX3864 IN THE EASTERN PLAINS OF COLOMBIA
The present study aimed to establish the preliminary diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms for the rubber tree clone FX3864 (Hevea brasiliensis) under the conditions of the Colombian Eastern Plains for the elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and B. For this purpose, 77 foliar samples were taken from a 10- to 12-year-old commercial crop. The element ratios that contributed the greatest variance between high- and low- productivity populations were selected for conversion into norms. Of the 132 possible ratios, 66 were selected, with ratios including P/N, N/K and NXCa proving most important. The most limiting nutrients were K and N when deficient and Ca and S when in excess
Establishment of DRIS norms for the nutritional diagnosis of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) clone RRIM 600 on the Eastern Plains of Colombia
The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) is an efficient method for evaluating the nutritional status of crops and was initially developed for rubber. In Colombia, the size of the rubber crop has grown significantly during the last decade, but recommendations do not yet exist for crop nutrition management at a local level. The aim of the present study wasto determine preliminary DRIS norms for rubber clone RRIM 600 under the conditions found on the Eastern Plains of Colombia. To this end, 78 leaf samples were collected, 19 of which were classified as high-yield, showing production above 2,690 kg ha-1, while the remaining 59 samples were classified as low-yield. The highest variance ratio and the value of R were used as criteria for selecting DRIS norms and were found to present differences, only coinciding for 32 of the studied ratios. The calculation of the DRIS indexes was carried outusing the determined norms; and K was found to be the element that most strongly limited production and showed the greatest probability of exhibiting a response upon exogenous application. Additionally, small quantities of Cu and S can generate imbalances that influence the yield of this clon
Effect of two substrates and different rrigation levels in the propagation of Rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.)
Existe poca informaci贸n sobre l谩minas de riego y de sustratos adecuados para la propagaci贸n de romero bajo invernadero, que permitan al productor aprovechar la capacidad productiva total de la planta. Bajo condiciones de estr茅s, el romero limita la producci贸n de biomasa seca y fresca. Se evalu贸 el efecto de dos sustratos y diferentes l谩minas de riego en la propagaci贸n del romero. Se realiz贸 un dise帽o experimental completamente al azar con diez tratamientos, producto de la combinaci贸n de cinco l谩minas de riego (coeficientes multiplicadores de la evapotranspiraci贸n 0,6; 0,8; 1; 1,2 y 1,4) y dos sustratos: suelo negro (SN) y mezcla de suelo negro y cascarilla de arroz quemada (ME); cada tratamiento tuvo cuatro repeticiones para un total de 40 unidades experimentales (UE). El mejor coeficiente (l谩mina) para la propagaci贸n de esquejes de romero fue uno. El mejor sustrato para la propagaci贸n de romero es ME en proporci贸n 1:1 en volumen. El sustrato ME present贸 una mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) que el suelo negro de p谩ramo. Una mayor cantidad de agua gener贸 mayor longitud de ramas. La mayor producci贸n de biomasa fresca y seca, se obtuvo con la aplicaci贸n del coeficiente de riego de uno y el sustrato ME.Little information on irrigation and substrates in nurseries for rosemary propagation under greenhouse conditions, that allows the producer to obtain the total productive capacity of the plant, is available. Under stress conditions the rosemary plant limits the production of dry and fresh biomass. The present work was carriet out with the objective to evaluate the effect of two substrates and different irrigation levels in the propagation of this aromatic plant. An completely random experimental design with ten treatments, product of the combination of five irrigation levels (multiplying coefficients of evapotranspiration 0.6, 0.8, 1, 12, and 1.4) and two substrates, black soil (BS) and the mixture of BS and burned rice husk (BRH), proportion 1:1, were applied, each treatment with four replica for a total of 40 experimental units (UE). The best coefficient (irrigation levels) for the propagation of cuttings was found to be number one. The best substrate for the propagation of rosemary was the mixture of black soil with rice husk in a proportion in volume of 1:1. The substrate BRH showed a higher efficiency in water use than the black soil obtained from moor. A higher water availability generated greater branch length. Higher production of fresh and dry biomass was obtained with the application of the coefficient of irrigation number 1 and the substrate BRH.Incluye referencias bibliogr谩fica
The effect of applying different water levels and irrigation frequencies in propagating rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)
Rosemary seedlings are obtained by vegetative propagation because the seeds present low viability. Despite being an expanding crop, there is little information on water consumption during the propagation stage. Water levels and irrigation frequencies were therefore applied using a completely randomised design having a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor concerned irrigation frequency (4 and 8 days) and the second concerned water level (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 evaporation inside the greenhouse). A 1.0 coefficient combined with 4-day irrigation frequency presented the best results regarding height (39.3 cm), fresh weight, dry weight and branch length (146 cm). Water level affected the fresh and dry weight of leaves regardless of frequency. Relative water content in leaves did not present differences due to environmental conditions minimising treatment effect. Rooting percent- tage showed no significant differences regarding irrigation frequency or water level. Irrigation frequency did not affect rosemary growing pattern because sphagnum retains high moisture content. The best branch number (34) was obtained with 1.0 coefficient and 4-day frequency, this being important from the production point of view because this is the material which is sold. Water management changes photoassimilate distribution in rosemary plants
DRIS NORMS FOR THE RUBBER CLONE FX3864 IN THE EASTERN PLAINS OF COLOMBIA NORMAS DRIS PARA CAUCHO CLON FX3864 EN LOS LLANOS ORIENTALES DE COLOMBIA
SUMMARY The present study aimed to establish the preliminary diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms for the rubber tree clone FX3864 (Hevea brasiliensis) under the conditions of the Colombian Eastern Plains for the elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and B. For this purpose, 77 foliar samples were taken from a 10-to 12-year-old commercial crop. The element ratios that contributed the greatest variance between high-and low-productivity populations were selected for conversion into norms. Of the 132 possible ratios, 66 were selected, with ratios including P/N, N/K and NXCa proving most important. The most limiting nutrients were K and N when deficient and Ca and S when in excess. Key words: Foliar analysis, mineral nutrition, diagnosis and recommendation, fertilization. RESUMEN El objetivo del presente trabajo fue obtener las normas preliminares de diagn贸stico y recomendaci贸n integral DRIS para el cultivo de caucho clon FX3864 (Hevea brasiliensis) bajo condiciones de la altillanura colombiana para los elementos N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Cu, Zn y B, para ello se tomaron 77 muestras de tejido foliar de plantaciones comerciales con edades entre 10 y 12 a帽os. Para la selecci贸n de las relaciones que se convirtieron en normas se utiliz贸 el m茅todo de mayor relaci贸n entre varianzas entre la poblaci贸n de baja productividad sobre la de alta productividad. De las 132 relaciones posibles se seleccionaron 66, destac谩ndose relaciones como P/N, N/K, NXCa. El nutriente m谩s limitante es el K seguido del N por defecto y el Ca seguido del S por exceso. Palabras clave: An谩lisis foliar, nutrici贸n mineral, diagn贸stico y recomendaci贸n, fertilizaci贸n
Efecto de la aplicaci贸n de diversas l谩minas y frecuencias de riego en la propagaci贸n del romero
Rosemary seedlings are obtained by vegetative propagation because the seeds present low viability. Despite being an expanding
crop, there is little information on water consumption during the propagation stage. Water levels and irrigation frequencies were
therefore applied using a completely randomised design having a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor concerned irrigation
frequency (4 and 8 days) and the second concerned water level (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 evaporation inside the greenhouse).
A 1.0 coefficient combined with 4-day irrigation frequency presented the best results regarding height (39.3 cm), fresh weight, dry
weight and branch length (146 cm). Water level affected the fresh and dry weight of leaves regardless of frequency. Relative
water content in leaves did not present differences due to environmental conditions minimising treatment effect. Rooting percenttage
showed no significant differences regarding irrigation frequency or water level. Irrigation frequency did not affect rosemary
growing pattern because sphagnum retains high moisture content. The best branch number (34) was obtained with 1.0 coefficient
and 4-day frequency, this being important from the production point of view because this is the material which is sold. Water
management changes photoassimilate distribution in rosemary plants.La obtenci贸n de pl谩ntulas de romero se limita a la propagaci贸n vegetativa, pues las semillas presentan poca viabilidad. Pese a
ser un cultivo en expansi贸n, existe poca informaci贸n sobre el consumo de agua en la etapa de propagaci贸n. Por lo tanto, se aplicaron
l谩minas y frecuencias de riego utilizando un dise帽o completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 4 x 2. El primer factor
fue la frecuencia de riego (4 y 8 d铆as), y el segundo la l谩mina de riego (0,6; 0,8; 1,0 y 1,2 de la evaporaci贸n dentro del invernadero).
El coeficiente de 1,0 combinado con la frecuencia de riego de 4 d铆as present贸 los mejores resultados en la altura (39,3
cm), masa fresca, masa seca y longitud total de ramas (146 cm). La l谩mina de riego afect贸 la masa fresca y seca de las hojas
independientemente de la frecuencia. El contenido relativo de agua en las hojas no mostr贸 diferencias debido a que las condiciones
ambientales minimizan el efecto de los tratamientos. El porcentaje de enraizamiento no determin贸 diferencias significativas
para frecuencia ni para l谩mina; la frecuencia de riego afect贸 el comportamiento del romero debido a que la turba retiene
gran contenido de humedad. Con un coeficiente de 1,0 y una frecuencia de riego de cuatro d铆as, se obtuvo un mayor n煤mero
de ramas (34), lo cual es importante desde el punto de vista productivo, pues 茅ste es el material que se comercializa. El manejo
del agua cambia la distribuci贸n de los fotoasimilados en la planta de romero