Leading innovation in an interorganizational team together : the moderating role of shared leadership behavior in the transitioning between different phases of the open innovation process

Purpose – This study aims to contribute to the open innovation (OI) literature by investigating the transitions between three phases in the OI process (i.e. idea generation, idea promotion and idea realization) and how these are moderated by different forms of shared leadership (i.e. transactional, and transformational) as perceived by participants in the OI process. Design/methodology/approach – The authors tested a set of hypotheses using moderated mediation PLSSEM models on a bootstrapped sample of OI participants (N 5 173). Findings – The authors found a direct relationship between idea generation and realization, as well as indirectly through idea promotion. This study implies that the promotion of ideas by participants can be beneficial in inter-organizational OI teams, as promotion of ideas provides a linkage between the generation of ideas and the idea realization phase. However, while shared leadership has been shown to be beneficial in conventional teams, the authors found evidence that this may not be the case in inter-organizational OI teams. Higher levels of shared transformational leadership from colleagues with whom employees do not share the same organizational background may hamper the promotion of ideas. Originality/value – In contrast to the mainstream view, the authors found significant evidence that transformational shared leadership negatively moderates the direct relationship between idea generation and the promotion of ideas and the indirect relationship between idea generation and realization via idea promotion.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Trauma, stress, and preconscious threat processing in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

FSW - Self-regulation models for health behavior and Psychopathology - Ou

MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans

Background: Feeding triggers inter-related gastrointestinal (GI) motor, peptide and appetite responses. These are rarely studied together due to methodological limitations. Recent MRI advances allow pan-intestinal, non-invasive assessment of motility in the undisturbed gut. This study aimed to develop a methodology to assess pan-intestinal motility and transit in a single session using MRI and compare imaging findings to GI peptide responses to a test meal and symptoms in a healthy volunteer cohort. Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers (29.3±2.7years and BMI 20.1±1.2Kg/m2) underwent baseline and postprandial MRI scans, symptom questionnaires and blood sampling (for subsequent GI peptide analysis, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), Polypeptide YY (PYY), Cholecystokinin (CCK)) at intervals for 270min following a 400g soup meal (204kcal, Heinz, UK). Gastric volume, gall bladder volume, small bowel water content, small bowel motility and whole gut transit were measured from the MRI scans. Key Results: (mean±SEM) Small bowel motility index increased from fasting 39±3 arbitrary units (a.u.) to a maximum of 87±7a.u. immediately after feeding. PYY increased from fasting 98±10pg/ml to 149±14pg/ml at 30min and GLP-1 from fasting 15±3µg/ml to 22±4µg/ml. CCK increased from fasting 0.40±0.06pmol/ml to 0.94±0.1pmol/ml. Gastric volumes declined with a T1/2 of 46±5min and the gallbladder contracted from a fasting volume of 19±2ml to 12±2ml. Small bowel water content increased from 39±2ml to 51±2ml postprandial. Fullness VAS score increased from 9±5mm to 41±6mm at 30min postprandial. Conclusions and Inferences: The test meal challenge was effective in inducing a change in MRI motility end-points which will improve understanding of the pathophysiological postprandial GI response

Observer Variation of 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography in Mediastinal Staging of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer as a Function of Experience, and its Potential Clinical Impact

Purpose: To test the extent of variation among nuclear medicine physicians with respect to staging non-small cell lung cancer with positron emission tomography (PET). Procedures: Two groups of nuclear medicine physicians with different levels of PET experience reviewed 30 PET scans. They were requested to identify and localize suspicious mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) using standardized algorithms. Results were compared between the two groups, between individuals, and with expert reading. Results: Overall we found good interobserver agreement (kappa 0.65). Experience with PET translated into a better ability to localize MLN stations (68 % vs. 51%, respectively), and experienced readers appeared to be more familiar with translating PET readings into clinically useful statements. Conclusions: Although our results suggest that clinical experience with PET increases observers _ ability to read and interpret results from PET adequately, there is room for improvement. Experience with PET does not necessarily improve the accuracy of image interpretation

Dried blood spot UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of oseltamivir and oseltamivircarboxylate—a validated assay for the clinic

The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) is currently the first-line therapy for patients with influenza virus infection. Common analysis of the prodrug and its active metabolite oseltamivircarboxylate is determined via extraction from plasma. Compared with these assays, dried blood spot (DBS) analysis provides several advantages, including a minimum sample volume required for the measurement of drugs in whole blood. Samples can easily be obtained via a simple, non-invasive finger or heel prick. Mainly, these characteristics make DBS an ideal tool for pediatrics and to measure multiple time points such as those needed in therapeutic drug monitoring or pharmacokinetic studies. Additionally, DBS sample preparation, stability, and storage are usually most convenient. In the present work, we developed and fully validated a DBS assay for the simultaneous determination of oseltamivir and oseltamivircarboxylate concentrations in human whole blood. We demonstrate the simplicity of DBS sample preparation, and a fast, accurate and reproducible analysis using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. A thorough validation on the basis of the most recent FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation showed that the method is selective, precise, and accurate (≤15% RSD), and sensitive over the relevant clinical range of 5–1,500 ng/mL for oseltamivir and 20–1,500 ng/mL for the oseltamivircarboxylate metabolite. As a proof of concept, oseltamivir and oseltamivircarboxylate levels were determined in DBS obtained from healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of Tamiflu®

Effects of lipase inhibition on gastric emptying and alcohol absorption in healthy subjects

The rate of alcohol absorption is dependent on gastric emptying (GE). As the slowing of GE by fat is dependent on lipolysis, orlistat may increase the rise in blood alcohol when alcohol is consumed with, or after, fat. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of orlistat on GE and blood alcohol after an alcohol-containing drink following a fat ‘preload’, in healthy subjects. Ten healthy males consumed 120 ml cream with or without 120 mg orlistat, 30 min before an alcohol-containing drink labelled with 20 MBq [99 mTc]sulfur colloid on 2 d. GE, plasma alcohol and blood glucose were measured. GE was slightly faster with orlistat (P<0·05) compared with control. Plasma alcohol at 15 min was slightly higher with orlistat (0·034 (sem 0·006) g/100 ml) v. control (0·029 (sem 0·005) g/100 ml) (P<0·05), but there was no effect on the area under the curve 0–240 min. The increase in blood glucose was greater with orlistat, for example, at 15 min (1·07 (sem 0·2) mmol/l) v. control (0·75 (sem 0·2) mmol/l) (P=0·05). The rise in blood glucose and plasma alcohol were related (for example, at 15 min r 0·49; P=0·03). In conclusion, lipase inhibition accelerates GE of an alcohol-containing drink following a fat ‘preload’ with a minor increase in the initial rise in plasma alcohol.Reawika Chaikomin, Antonietta Russo, Christopher K. Rayner, Christine Feinle-Bisset, Deirdre G. O’Donovan, Michael Horowitz and Karen L. Jone