PARTNERSHIPS-LIMITED-FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH STATUTES AS BASIS FOR UNLIMITED LIABILITY

The recent decision of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals in Kistler v. Gingles, that a limited partner under the Arkansas Limited Partnership Act fails to avoid unlimited liability if the terms of the statute are not complied with, illustrates the inherent danger of the limited partnership. This statute, which is typical of the limited partnership statutes antedating the Uniform Limited Partnership Act, provides, in part, for an affidavit by one of the general partners stating that the sums which each limited partner proposes to contribute to the enterprise have actually and in good faith been paid into the business in cash by the date of its registration; and that if any false statement be made in the affidavit, all the persons interested in such partnership shall be liable for all the engagements of the firm as general partners. The uncontested facts in the above case show that while the would-be limited partners had not actually paid over in cash their full contributions as had been stated in the affidavit, they were at all times ready, willing, and able to so do. Instead of losing only their initial investment in the enterprise, the investors were held liable for the concern\u27 s entire indebtedness as a result of their failure to follow the precise terms of the statute. Herein lies the danger of the limited partnership and the reason this type of business association has been largely neglected in those states not adopting the Uniform Limited Partnership Act

Stakeholder Capitalism and Implications for How We Think About Leadership

MAD statement The intention of this leading article is to help reframe our take on capitalism and leadership. Rather than presenting a linear, one-solution approach, it promotes an often messy, uncertain approach based on purpose, co-creation, creativity, courage and action delivering on a multitude of stakeholders’ needs and interests.publishedVersio

fMRI correlates of object-based attentional facilitation vs. suppression of irrelevant stimuli, dependent on global grouping and endogenous cueing.

Theories of object-based attention often make two assumptions: that attentional resources are facilitatory, and that they spread automatically within grouped objects. Consistent with this, ignored visual stimuli can be easier to process, or more distracting, when perceptually grouped with an attended target stimulus. But in past studies, the ignored stimuli often shared potentially relevant features or locations with the target. In this fMRI study, we measured the effects of attention and grouping on Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) responses in the human brain to entirely task-irrelevant events. Two checkerboards were displayed each in opposite hemifields, while participants responded to check-size changes in one pre-cued hemifield, which varied between blocks. Grouping (or segmentation) between hemifields was manipulated between blocks, using common (vs. distinct) motion cues. Task-irrelevant transient events were introduced by randomly changing the color of either checkerboard, attended or ignored, at unpredictable intervals. The above assumptions predict heightened BOLD signals for irrelevant events in attended vs. ignored hemifields for ungrouped contexts, but less such attentional modulation under grouping, due to automatic spreading of facilitation across hemifields. We found the opposite pattern, in primary visual cortex. For ungrouped stimuli, BOLD signals associated with task-irrelevant changes were lower, not higher, in the attended vs. ignored hemifield; furthermore, attentional modulation was not reduced but actually inverted under grouping, with higher signals for events in the attended vs. ignored hemifield. These results challenge two popular assumptions underlying object-based attention. We consider a broader biased-competition framework: task-irrelevant stimuli are suppressed according to how strongly they compete with task-relevant stimuli, with intensified competition when the irrelevant features or locations comprise the same object

Telerehabilitation for people with physical disabilities and movement impairment: development and evaluation of an online toolkit for practitioners and patients.

PURPOSE: Telerehabilitation has increasingly been used since the COVID-19 pandemic but with limited guidance available on undertaking physical assessments using remote methods. We aimed to provide such guidance by developing a Telerehab Toolkit, an online information and training resource for practitioners, patients, and carers on telerehabilitation for people with physical disabilities and movement impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Development and evaluation of the toolkit were informed by the Knowledge to Action framework and took place iteratively in two phases-knowledge creation and action. Information was collated from various sources including literature review, online survey, service evaluation, and focus group discussions. The toolkit has been evaluated using think-aloud interviews, e-mail and social media feedback from users, and analytics data on user engagement with the website. RESULTS: The Telerehab Toolkit focuses on remote physical assessments, and contains information on technology, digital skills, remote assessment tools, information governance, and safety for telerehabilitation. Resources include top tips from practitioners and patients, how-to guides, checklists, videos, and links to evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The Telerehab Toolkit has been well-received by practitioners, healthcare students, patients, and carers, is being disseminated widely, and is freely available (www.plymouth.ac.uk/research/telerehab). IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTelerehabilitation has been increasingly used since the COVID-19 pandemic, but with limited guidance and training for practitioners on undertaking safe and effective remote physical assessments.The Telerehab Toolkit has been developed iteratively using the Knowledge to Action framework; it is a free online resource for practitioners and patients with specific guidance on telerehabilitation for physical disabilities and movement impairment.It is anticipated that the resource will help to improve the knowledge, skills, and confidence of the current and future rehabilitation workforce

The First Detection of Blue Straggler Stars in the Milky Way Bulge

We report the first detections of Blue Straggler Stars (BSS) in the bulge of the Milky Way galaxy. Proper motions from extensive space-based observations along a single sight-line allow us to separate a sufficiently clean and well-characterized bulge sample that we are able to detect a small population of bulge objects in the region of the color-magnitude diagram commonly occupied young objects and blue strgglers. However, variability measurements of these objects clearly establish that a fraction of them are blue stragglers. Out of the 42 objects found in this region of the color-magnitude diagram, we estimate that at least 18 are genuine BSS. We normalize the BSS population by our estimate of the number of horizontal branch stars in the bulge in order to compare the bulge to other stellar systems. The BSS fraction is clearly discrepant from that found in stellar clusters. The blue straggler population of dwarf spheroidals remains a subject of debate; some authors claim an anticorrelation between the normalised blue straggler fraction and integrated light. If this trend is real, then the bulge may extend it by three orders of magnitude in mass. Conversely, we find that the genuinely young (~5Gy or younger) population in the bulge, must be at most 3.4% under the most conservative scenario for the BSS population.Comment: ApJ in press; 25 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Participatory design to create a VR therapy for psychosis

This paper describes how participatory design was employed in the design of an automated Virtual Reality (VR) psychological therapy (gameChange), putting people with lived experience of psychosis at the heart of the process. Solutions to complex challenges invariably need to include the expertise and ideas of specialists from a broad variety of disciplines and experiences. The design of gameChange relied on the insights of clinical psychologists, programmers, animators, designers, product managers, producers, writers, researchers, 3 D artists, mental health advocates, and people with lived experience of psychosis. This involved a considerable diversity of working cultures, professional disciplines, and vocabulary. A transdisciplinary, participatory design process was established during the project. It allowed for rapid iteration, meaningful input from people with lived experience of psychosis, and delivered a VR psychological therapy with robust cognitive therapeutic principles. The structures put in place to support the different disciplines working together on the design, particularly people with lived experience of psychosis, are detailed in this paper, with examples of how decisions were made and their outcomes. The clinical effectiveness of the gameChange VR therapy is now being tested in a randomized controlled trial with several hundred patients with psychosis. https://gamechangevr.com/intro_video

Update of Estimated Agricultural Benefits Attributable to Drainage and Flood Control in Willacy County, Texas

This study presents an economic analysis of agricultural benefits attributable to a proposed drainage project which includes on farm systems, laterals (ditches) and major canals designed to lower the groundwater table and provide an outlet for floodwater from agricultural land in Willacy county, Texas as provided by the Raymondville Drain. There are benefits to the urban communities that are not included in this update

Survey of the quality of experimental design, statistical analysis and reporting of research using animals

For scientific, ethical and economic reasons, experiments involving animals should be appropriately designed, correctly analysed and transparently reported. This increases the scientific validity of the results, and maximises the knowledge gained from each experiment. A minimum amount of relevant information must be included in scientific publications to ensure that the methods and results of a study can be reviewed, analysed and repeated. Omitting essential information can raise scientific and ethical concerns. We report the findings of a systematic survey of reporting, experimental design and statistical analysis in published biomedical research using laboratory animals. Medline and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting research on live rats, mice and non-human primates carried out in UK and US publicly funded research establishments. Detailed information was collected from 271 publications, about the objective or hypothesis of the study, the number, sex, age and/or weight of animals used, and experimental and statistical methods. Only 59% of the studies stated the hypothesis or objective of the study and the number and characteristics of the animals used. Appropriate and efficient experimental design is a critical component of high-quality science. Most of the papers surveyed did not use randomisation (87%) or blinding (86%), to reduce bias in animal selection and outcome assessment. Only 70% of the publications that used statistical methods described their methods and presented the results with a measure of error or variability. This survey has identified a number of issues that need to be addressed in order to improve experimental design and reporting in publications describing research using animals. Scientific publication is a powerful and important source of information; the authors of scientific publications therefore have a responsibility to describe their methods and results comprehensively, accurately and transparently, and peer reviewers and journal editors share the responsibility to ensure that published studies fulfil these criteria