The overhang rate in posterior teeth restorations among a sample of patients from Sari City, Iran, in year 2017

BACKGROUND: Overhang is the extension of restoration material from the prepared cavity. Restoration overhangs have an important role in plaque accumulation, caries, severe gingival inflammation, and periodontal diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of restoration overhanging, and the managements in order to reduce its prevalence and subsequent complications.METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 patients, who had at least one restoration in the proximal surface of posterior teeth. At first, all the patients were examined using a mirror, and dental floss under the light of the dental chair. In cases in which the existence of the overhang was suspected, Bitewing radiography was operated on respective regions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.RESULTS: 120 teeth had overhangs (19.60%) and 492 (80.39%) exhibited no overhangs. From 120 restorations with overhang, 76 (63.33%) were amalgam restorations, and 44 (36.66%) were composite restorations. In total, 55.83% of them (67 restorations) were in maxilla and 44.16% (53 restorations) were in mandible. The prevalence of overhang in mandible was as 37.73% in mesial regions, 54.71% in distal regions, and 7.54% in mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) regions; in addition, the prevalence rate in maxilla was as 38.80% in mesial regions, 58.20% in distal regions, and 2.98% in MOD.CONCLUSION: The overall frequency of restoration overhang was 19.60%, most of which was in amalgam restorations in comparison to composite restorations; and it is mostly seen in distal surfaces of maxillary teeth

Cutaneous reactions to carbamazepine in children with epilepsy

BACKGROUND: The main components in controlling and treating seizures are antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Mostly, the systemic side effects of these drugs are regarded very important; however, these drugs can also cause serious mucocutaneous side effects. Carbamazepine is a drug which is used to treat epilepsy. Side effects of this drug can range from skin rash to toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin complications of carbamazepine in children with epilepsy.METHODS: This study was performed on 99 children, aged 2 months to 11 years, with the diagnosis of skin complications after taking carbamazepine. Records were examined and their initial profiles including their medical skin conditions and rashes were recorded within the checklist. Data were entered into SPSS software. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were achieved. Finally, the relationship between the drug and the cutaneous reactions of these patients was analyzed using the chi-square test.RESULTS: The most common complications among the patients were maculopapular lesions and skin erythroderma, with the prevalence of 37.4% for each. Other types of skin lesions included papules with 14.1%, macules with 8.1%, and SJS with 3.0%. A significant association (P = 0.02) between the types of the skin lesion and the dose of carbamazepine was observed; the more the dosage was, the more severe skin lesions were.CONCLUSION: The most common cutaneous reactions to carbamazepine were erythroderma and maculopapular rash in the patients. The findings of this study also revealed that the lack of drug compliance was of high importance

Evaluation of Apical Transportation in Root Canals Prepared with Hand File and Two Rotary Files by Cone Beam Computed Tom ography

The purpose of the mechanical cleaning of the root canal is to create a conical shape for 3D filling of the canal area. Excessive dentin removal from one side of the canal, as compared to other parts located at an equal distance to the longitudinal axis of the tooth, causes an error called the canal transportation. In this study, the canal transportation was evaluated by hand K-flexo file Mtwo and,Dia-pt rotary file using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). This is an Ex-vivo study conducted on 60 extracted first molars. Root curvature was measured by Schneider's method. Preparation was performed in three groups of 20 with manual and Mtwo and Dia-pt files. CBCT images were prepared before and after clearing the canals. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 Software. Based on the results of the kruskal wallis test, there are differences between the three files in the 2 and 3 mm sections (respectively (p = 0.01) (p = 0.01)). However, there is no difference in the cross-section of 2.5 mm based on kruskal wallis test (p = 0.16). The results of this study indicate that the channel displacement in the Mtwo system is the least. And this system is better than K-Flexo file and Dia-pt in following the shape of the canal and creating a conical canal with the least deviation from the channel