The Effect of Different Periods of Enamel Microabrasion on the Microleakage of Class V Glass-Ionomer Restorations

Objective: Removal of enamel superficial layer during microabrasion treatments may adversely affect sealing ability of the restorative materials. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of different periods of enamel microabrasion on the microleakage of class V glass-ionomer  restorations.Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 96 Class V cavities which had been prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 48 sound human premolars. After conditioning with 10% polyacrylic acid (GC, Tokyo, Japan) one half of the cavities were restored with the  conventional glass-ionomer (Fuji II GC, Tokyo, Japan) and another half with resin-modified glass- ionomer (Fuji II LC GC, Tokyo, Japan). Finishing and polishing were performed after 24 hours and the teeth incubated for 2 weeks (37°C and 100% humidity).Then the teeth were classified into eight groups (n=12). Microabrasion treatment was performed with Opulster (Ultradent product Inc, South Jordan, UT, USA) in 0(control no treatment), 60, 120 and 180 seconds. Then teeth were thermocycled between 5°C-55°C (×1000), immersed in 0.5% basic-fushin solution (24h) and sectioned longitudinally in bucco-lingual direction (n=192). Dye penetration was examined with stereomicroscope (×40). Microleakage scores were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test while the paired comparisons were done using Mann-Whitney U test.Results: The mean microleakage scores were significantly increased following increased microabrasion times in occlusal margin in FU II (p<0.009) and FU II LC (p<0.02) and in gingival margin in resin-modified glass-ionomer (p<0.04).Conclusion: In Fuji II restorations after microabrasion in occlusal margins, microleakage increased up to 120s but in gingival margins no significant difference were seen. In Fuji II LC restorations  after microabrasion in occlusal margin, microleakage from 60s up to 180s was significantly increased. In gingival margin with increasing the time up to 180s microleakage increased

Dichlorido(6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)zinc(II)

In the title compound, [ZnCl2(C12H12N2)], the complete mol­ecule is generated by crystallographic mirror symmetry, with the Zn atom and both chloride ions lying on the reflecting plane, yielding a distorted ZnN2Cl2 tetra­hedral coordination for the metal ion. In the crystal, there are π–π contacts between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7857 (17) Å]

Dibromido(6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)zinc(II)

In the title compound, [ZnBr2(C12H12N2)], the ZnII atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral arrangement by an N,N′-bidentate 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand and two bromide ions. In the crystal, there are aromatic π–π contacts between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.818 (3) and 3.728 (4) Å]

Trichlorido(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)(methanol-κO)indium(III)

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, [InCl3(C12H12N2)(CH4O)], the InIII atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral configuration by two N atoms from the chelating 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand, one O atom from a methanol molecule and three Cl atoms. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains parallel to [001]

Comparison of Flexural Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Calcium-enriched Mixture and BioAggregate

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the flexural strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM), and BioAggregate (BA). Methods and Materials: In this study, the flexural strength of materials was measured using a 3-point bend test. After being prepared, MTA, CEM, and BA were inserted into the intra-putty molds using amalgam plugger. The specimens were covered with a sponge wetted with synthetic tissue fluid (STF) and incubated for 96 h. They were then subjected to a 3-point bend test using Universal Testing Machine. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare flexural strength in groups. In this study, P<0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results: There were significant differences between the three groups in terms of the flexural strength (P<0.001). The mean flexural strength in the BA, CEM, and MTA groups were 27.32±2, 9.09±1.16, and 10.25±1.6, respectively. Pairwise comparison showed significant differences between the three groups. Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that BA has the highest and CEM has the lowest flexural strength.Keywords: BioAggregate; CEM Cement; Flexural Strength; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

Dichlorido(6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)zinc(II)

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, [ZnCl2(C11H10N2)], the ZnII atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral configuration by two N atoms from the 6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand and by two Cl atoms. There are π–π contacts between the pyridine ring and the five-membered ring, and also between the pyridine rings, [centroid–centroid distances = 3.685 (3) and 3.757 (3) Å, respectively]

Di-μ-bromido-bis­[bromido(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)mercury(II)]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Hg2Br4(C12H12N2)2], contains one half-mol­ecule. The HgII atom is five-coordinated in a trigonal–bipyramidal configuration by two N atoms from the chelating 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand, two bridging Br and one terminal Br atom, leading to a centrosymmetric dimeric mol­ecule. There is a π–π contact between the pyridine rings [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.756 (5) Å]

5,5′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H12N2, contains two half-mol­ecules related by an inversion center, the planes of their pyridine rings being oriented at a dihedral angle of 69.62 (4)°. In the crystal structure, a π–π contact between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.895 (3) Å] may stabilize the structure. A weak C—H⋯π inter­action is also found

Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis isolates among Women with Cervicitis Referred to Karaj Health Care Centers

Background and Objectives: Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria often found in the normal flora of the mouth, respiratory system and urogenital tract; but potentially pathogenic species also exist which can cause serious respiratory and genital diseases in human including postpartum fever, pelvic inflammatory infections, and pyelonephritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis in women who referred to the health centers in Karaj and investigate the susceptibility of M. genitalium strains against Fluoroquinolone antibiotics.Materials & Methods: Endocervical swabs were taken from 200 women with cervicitis. Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) were performed for detecting Mgpa gene in M. genitalium and RNH gene in M. hominis. Mutations in parC and gyrA genes, as well as antibiotic resistance, were studied in positive samples of M. genitalium.Results: 9 M. genitalium and 11 M. hominis positive samples were found among samples obtained from women with cervicitis. Positive samples of M.genitalium were examined for isolating the parC and gyrA genes. Six sequences of these genes were analyzed by MEGA5 software. Mutation in parC gene was observed in one sequence which %16 shows resistance.Conclusion: M. hominis and M. genitalium were detected in 5.5% and 4.5% of samples, respectively. Our findings showed a relatively medium prevalence of M. hominis and M. genitalium in women with cervicitis in Alborz province. The sequencing results of gyrA and parC genes in this study represent the occurrence of mutations which drive fluoroquinolones resistance. Therefore, further studies are necessary in this area and to overcome this problem irregular prescribing limited and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in treatment to be considered

Effect of Prayer on Drug, Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objectives: Prayer is the major commands of Islam to its followers. Religious leaders and elders know this form of worship is the most important aspects of the realization of religion-oriented behavior in humans. Prayer, In compliance with all terms, inhibits people from deviation while some prayers are ineffective. The purpose of this study is correction of ineffective prayers for more profit. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research. It was performed on students (Year 86-87) of the Medical Sciences of Tabriz University. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Questions were about prayer as well as smoking, alcohol and drug consumption. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test. Student comments were calculated based on percentage and ratio. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: In these students, Commitment to the prayer was high. Prayer experience age was low in Non-consumer students compared to consumer students and a large percentage accounted for age under 15 years. In comparison with smokers and alcohol and drug consumers, Non-Consumer individuals thought pray was just device to get closer to God that was not statistically significant. Non consumer students compared with smokers, alcohol and drugs consumers significantly assumed God is worthy and honorable to worship. They believed prayer is effective in all aspects of life. Few of non-consumers responded positive to items such as lack of belief in prayer, Inconclusive about prayer, Bored and not having time for prayer. Conclusion: The findings show there is a negative and stability relationship among other items of questionnaire and prayer by students and alcohol, cigarettes and drugs consumption. Keywords: Prayer, Cigarette, Alcohol, Drugs, StudentsFor downloading the full-text of this article please click here