2,921 research outputs found
Truth Table Invariant Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition by Regular Chains
A new algorithm to compute cylindrical algebraic decompositions (CADs) is
presented, building on two recent advances. Firstly, the output is truth table
invariant (a TTICAD) meaning given formulae have constant truth value on each
cell of the decomposition. Secondly, the computation uses regular chains theory
to first build a cylindrical decomposition of complex space (CCD) incrementally
by polynomial. Significant modification of the regular chains technology was
used to achieve the more sophisticated invariance criteria. Experimental
results on an implementation in the RegularChains Library for Maple verify that
combining these advances gives an algorithm superior to its individual
components and competitive with the state of the art
Reviewing research evidence and the case of participation in sport and physical recreation by black and minority ethnic communities
The paper addresses the implications of using the process of systematic review in the many areas of leisure where there is a dearth of material that would be admitted into conventional Cochrane Reviews. This raises important questions about what constitutes legitimate knowledge, questions that are of critical import not just to leisure scholars, but to the formulation of policy. The search for certainty in an area that lacks conceptual consensus results in an epistemological imperialism that takes a geocentric form. While clearly, there is a need for good research design whatever the style of research, we contend that the wholesale rejection of insightful research is profligate and foolhardy. A mechanism has to be found to capitalise on good quality research of whatever form. In that search, we draw upon our experience of conducting a review of the material available on participation in sport and physical recreation by people from Black and minority ethnic groups. The paper concludes with a proposal for a more productive review process that makes better use of the full panoply of good quality research available. © 2012 © 2012 Taylor & Francis
Tectonics and Sedimentation in Northeastern Maine and Adjacent New Brunswick: Outline of the Pleistocene Geology of Northern Maine and Adjacent Canada
Guidebook to the geology of Northeastern Maine and neighboring New Brunswick: The 72nd annual meeting of the New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, Presque Isle, Maine, October 10-13, 1980: title pages, tables of contents, essay
Capital structure and its determinants in the United Kingdom â a decompositional analysis
Prior research on capital structure by Rajan and Zingales (1995) suggests that the level of gearing in UK companies is positively related to size and tangibility, and negatively correlated with profitability and the level of growth opportunities. However, as argued by Harris and Raviv (1991), 'The interpretation of results must be tempered by an awareness of the difficulties involved in measuring both leverage and the explanatory variables of interest'. In this study the focus is on the difficulties of measuring gearing, and the sensitivity of Rajan and Zingales' results to variations in gearing measures are tested. Based on an analysis of the capital structure of 822 UK companies, Rajan and Zingales' results are found to be highly definitional-dependent. The determinants of gearing appear to vary significantly, depending upon which component of debt is being analysed. In particular, significant differences are found in the determinants of long- and short-term forms of debt. Given that trade credit and equivalent, on average, accounts for more than 62% of total debt, the results are particularly sensitive to whether such debt is included in the gearing measure. It is argued, therefore, that analysis of capital structure is incomplete without a detailed examination of all forms of corporate debt
A level playing âfieldâ? A Bourdieusian analysis of the career aspirations of further education students on sports courses
There is currently a distinct dearth of research into how sports studentsâ career aspirations are formed during their post-compulsory education. This article, based on an ethnographic study of sport students in tertiary education, draws on data collected from two first-year cohorts (n = 34) on two different courses at a further education college in England. The study draws on ethnographic observations, and semi-structured group interviews, to examine in-depth the contrasting occupational perspectives emergent within these two groups of mainly working-class students, and how specific cultural practices affect studentsâ career aspirations. Utilising a Bourdieusian framework, the paper analyses the internalised, often latent cultural practices that impact upon these studentsâ diverse career aspirations. The hitherto under-researched dimension of inter-habitus interaction and also the application of doxa are outlined. The article reveals how the two student cohorts are situated within a complex field of relations, where struggles for legitimisation, academic accomplishment and numerous forms of lucrative capital become habituated. The study offers salient Bourdieusian-inspired insights into the career aspirations of these predominantly working-class students and the ways in which certain educational practices contribute to the production and reproduction of class inequalities
Using âsport in the community schemesâ to tackle crime and drug use among young people: Some policy issues and problems
This is a PDF version of an article published in European physical education review © Sage, 2004. The definitive version is available at www.sagepub.com.This article discusses the effectiveness of sport in the community schemes such as the Positive Futures initative and Summer Splsh/Splash Extra in reducing crime and drug use amongst young people
Are agriâenvironment schemes successful in delivering conservation grazing management on saltmarsh?
1.Grasslands occur around the globe and, in temperate regions, their natural management by fire, drought and wild herbivores has largely been replaced by grazing with domestic livestock. Successful management for agriculture is not always suitable for conservation and can have a detrimental effect on biodiversity. Conservation grazing of saltmarshes, delivered through agriâenvironment schemes, may provide a solution to counteract biodiversity loss by providing farmers with financial incentives to graze these internationally important coastal wetlands more sensitively. 2.To assess whether conservation grazing is being achieved, and whether agriâenvironment schemes are effective in delivering this management, we conducted a national survey on English saltmarshes, scoring the management on each site as optimal, suboptimal or detrimental in terms of suitability for achieving conservation aims for five aspects of grazing: presence, stock type, intensity, timing and habitat impact. 3.Although most saltmarshes suitable for grazing in England were grazed, conservation grazing was not being achieved. Sites under agriâenvironment management for longer did score higher and approached optimal levels in terms of grazing intensity in one region, but sites with agriâenvironment agreements were no more likely to be grazed at optimal conservation levels than sites without them overall, indicating that agriâenvironment schemes, in their current form, are an ineffective delivery mechanism for conservation grazing on saltmarsh. 4.The low specificity of agriâenvironment prescription wording may contribute to this failure, with prescriptions either being vague or specifying suboptimal or detrimental management objectives, particularly for grazing intensity, timing and stock type. These objectives are often set too high or too low, during unsuitable periods, or using stock types inappropriate for achieving conservation aims. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our national survey indicates that agriâenvironment schemes are not currently delivering conservation grazing on English saltmarshes. Agriâenvironment schemes are the only mechanism through which such grazing can be implemented on a national scale, so improving their effectiveness is a priority. Policymakers, researchers and managers need to work together to ensure better translation of conservation guidelines into schemes, increasing the specificity of management prescriptions and improving understanding of the need for management measures. A more detailed and reliable system of auditing to ensure that management activities are taking place would be beneficial, or alternatively moving to a resultsâbased scheme where payments are made on desirable outcomes rather than on evidence of management
Recommended from our members
Response to the article by Mitchell, P., Nightingale, J., and Reeves, P. (2019). Competence to capability: An integrated career framework for sonographers. Radiography
We would like to congratulate Mitchell, Nightingale and Reeves for their article on âCompetence to capability: An integrated career framework for sonographersâ for providing a suggested framework for skills escalation for sonographers.1 This is particularly relevant to the current work being undertaken by Health Education England (HEE) to attempt to address the sonographer shortages in England2 and challenges faced by the introduction of a wider range of entry points to ultrasound practice
The health impact of nature exposure and green exercise across the life course: a pilot study
Background: Both nature exposure and green exercise (GE) provide numerous health benefits. However, there are no studies examining the impact of childhood GE on adult health. Methods: 45 healthy adults (aged 69.8 ± 8.4 years) took part in the study, wearing a Firstbeat heart rate variability (HRV) monitor for 24 hours. Participants also completed questionnaires assessing childhood and adulthood nature exposure and GE, as well as current connectedness to nature (CN), perceived stress and well-being. Pearsonâs correlations and linear regression were used to examine relationships between variables. Results: Childhood nature exposure and GE significantly predicted adult nature exposure and GE (ÎČ .317, p < 0.05) as well as CN (ÎČ = .831, p < 0.01). After controlling for childhood nature exposure and GE, CN was negatively associated with the percentage of stress over the 24-hour period (r = â.363; p < 0.05) and positively associated with HRV during sleep (r = .415; p < 0.05). Conclusions: CN is important for adult health; however childhood nature exposure and GE are essential to developing this connection
- âŠ