A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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YOUNG MODULUS OF HEAT-TREATED CARBONS - A THEORY FOR NONGRAPHITIZING CARBONS

An expression to calculate the Young's modulus of nongraphitizing carbons as a function of heat treatment temperature (HTT) is developed. A microscopic model involving parameters of the carbon granular structure is used, where the cross-linkings between microcrystallites play a fundamental role. The theoretical expression is applied to the endocarp of babassu coconut heat treated from 400-degrees-C up to 2200-degrees-C; it explains satisfactorily the behaviour of the modulus with HTT, including the maximum that generally occurs around 1100-degrees-C HTT.31233333

Babassu charcoal: A sulfurless renewable thermo-reducing feedstock for steelmaking

The physical and chemical properties of babassu coconut following heat treatment at temperatures of up to 1000 degrees C are reported. Results for compressive strength, density, granulometry, heat of combustion and ash content suggest that babassu charcoal from unbroken coconuts could be used as a substitute for metallurgical coke as a reducing agent in blast furnaces. This material is one of the few which could substitute directly metallurgical coke in high capacity blast furnaces without the need for briquetting. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.101414

ESR IN HEAT-TREATED CARBONS FROM THE ENDOCARP OF BABASSU COCONUT

The results of an electron spin resonance (ESR) study for the endocarp of babassu coconut with heat treatment temperature up to 2,200-degrees-C are presented. Correlations between the transition range (700 less-than-or-equal-to HTT < 1,300-degrees-C) with the low and high HTT ranges are emphasized. Similar to other heat treated carbons, free radicals were observed in the low HTT range, and free charge carriers in the high HTT range. In the transition range, the usual broadening of the linewidth was observed for the macroscopic samples (phi congruent-to 1 mm, where phi is the particle size). On the other hand, the ground samples (phi < 37-mu-m and phi < 74-mu-m) showed two well-defined resonances (g less-than-or-equal-to 2.004; DELTA-H less-than-or-equal-to 2 G and g greater-than-or-equal-to 2.000; DELTA-H greater-than-or-equal-to 10 G). The temperature dependence of the ESR spectra show that the narrow line is associated to remainder free radicals and the broad one to free charge carriers that dominate in the high HTT range. Although the electrical conductivity becomes appreciable about 700-degrees-C HTT, when the material experiences a nonmetal-metal percolation transition, the resonance of the charge carriers for the macroscopic samples is clearly observed only above 1,300-degrees-C HTT. This fact is explained by the silicon effect, which plays an important role in this material.29330531

APPLICATIONS OF A GRANULAR MODEL AND PERCOLATION THEORY TO THE ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY OF HEAT-TREATED ENDOCARP OF BABASSU NUT

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