121 research outputs found
Deployment of mating disruption dispensers before and after first seasonal male flights for the control of Aonidiella aurantii in citrus
The rejection of citrus fruit caused by infestations of the California red scale (CRS), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), raises concerns about its management. This fact has led to the introduction of new integrated control methods in citrus orchards, including the implementation of techniques based on pheromones. Previous works described efficient mating disruption pheromone dispensers to control A. aurantii in the Mediterranean region. The main aims of the present study were to adjust the timing of dispenser applications and study the importance of controlling the early first generation of A. aurantii by testing two different application dates: before and after the first CRS male flight. The efficacy of the different mating disruption strategies was tested during 2010 in an experimental orchard and these results were confirmed during 2011 in a commercial citrus farm. Results showed that every mating disruption strategy achieved significantly lower male captures in monitoring pheromone traps compared with untreated plots, as well as mean fruit infestation reductions of about 80 %. The control of the first CRS generation is not essential for achieving a good efficacy as demonstrated in two locations with different pest pressure. The late application of MD dispensers before the second CRS male flight has proven to be effective, suggesting a new advantageous way to apply mating disruption.The authors want to thank Fernando Alfaro from Denia, Antonio Caballero, and Javier Macias from Rio Tinto Fruit S.A. (Huelva, Spain) for field support. We also thank Ecologia y Proteccion Agricola SL for the pheromone supply. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project AGL2009-10725) and Agroalimed Foundation. 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Dissipative and Non-dissipative Single-Qubit Channels: Dynamics and Geometry
Single-qubit channels are studied under two broad classes: amplitude damping
channels and generalized depolarizing channels. A canonical derivation of the
Kraus representation of the former, via the Choi isomorphism is presented for
the general case of a system's interaction with a squeezed thermal bath. This
isomorphism is also used to characterize the difference in the geometry and
rank of these channel classes. Under the isomorphism, the degree of decoherence
is quantified according to the mixedness or separability of the Choi matrix.
Whereas the latter channels form a 3-simplex, the former channels do not form a
convex set as seen from an ab initio perspective. Further, where the rank of
generalized depolarizing channels can be any positive integer upto 4, that of
amplitude damping ones is either 2 or 4. Various channel performance parameters
are used to bring out the different influences of temperature and squeezing in
dissipative channels. In particular, a noise range is identified where the
distinguishability of states improves inspite of increasing decoherence due to
environmental squeezing.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Impact of maritime traffic on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and particulate matter in Venice air
Harbours are important hubs for economic growth in both tourism and commercial activities. They are also an environmental burden being a source of atmospheric pollution often localized near cities and industrial complexes. The aim of this study is to quantify the relative contribution of maritime traffic and harbour activities to atmospheric pollutant concentration in the Venice lagoon. The impact of ship traffic was quantified on various pollutants that are not directly included in the current European legislation for shipping emission reduction: (i) gaseous and particulate PAHs; (ii) metals in PM10; and (iii) PM10 and PM2.5. All contributions were correlated with the tonnage of ships during the sampling periods and results were used to evaluate the impact of the European Directive 2005/33/EC on air quality in Venice comparing measurements taken before and after the application of the Directive (year 2010). The outcomes suggest that legislation on ship traffic, which focused on the issue of the emissions of sulphur oxides, could be an efficient method also to reduce the impact of shipping on primary particulate matter concentration; on the other hand, we did not observe a significant reduction in the contribution of ship traffic and harbour activities to particulate PAHs and metals
Exploiting biological priors and sequence variants enhances QTL discovery and genomic prediction of complex traits
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