Current approaches and prospects for the development of laboratory diagnosis of measles

Measles virus causes an acute infectious disease with high contagiousness. It is possible to limit the spread of measles virus only with a sufficiently wide coverage of the population by vaccination. Despite the success of measles elimination programs, many countries have seen an increase in the incidence of measles in recent years, making early diagnosis increasingly important. The importance of laboratory diagnosis is related to the difficulties of clinical differential diagnosis of measles in the early stages of the disease. This review is devoted to an analysis of existing methods for diagnosing measles. It demonstrates the limitations of the most commonly used method, the enzyme immunoassay, and the need to develop and implement alternative diagnostic methods. Particular attention in the review is paid to molecular diagnostic methods, the sensitivity of which is reviewed for different types of biological sampled at different stages of the disease. Characteristics of the measles virus that are of key importance in the development of PCR tests are described. Studies evaluating the significance of introducing PCR in the routine diagnosis of measles are presented. The main advantages of molecular methods are the possibility of early detection of the virus and the possibility of simultaneous detection of several pathogens, which allows differential diagnosis of diseases with a similar clinical presentation. The development and implementation of rapid and accurate approaches based on molecular diagnostic methods into the health care system is an urgent need in the implementation of global and local programs for the elimination of measles

Pb, Cd, Se, As in blood and urine of children from high and low polluted districts of Saint-Petersburg. The elements concentrations and health of children

At present time rapt attention is attended on child health. One of the main factors of child health is environmental condition and possibility of toxic elements consuniption by children from air, water, and food. The ain of our investigation is to detennine Pb, Cd, Se, As in blood and urine of children from high and low level polluted districts of St.-Petersburg. And then to estimate urine and blood toxic elements concentration correlation. ln order to examine large child groups it is necessary to use effective, express analycal methods. Wc chose Zeeman Modulation Polarization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with High-Frequency Modulation as such a method. New technique Zeeman Modulation Polarization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with High-Frequency Modulation allow io determine many etements directly (without additional compounds and reagents or with there minimum use) in blood, plasma and urine. Highcst spectrometry selectivity allows working with high background level. The matrix effects are reduced in great deal the aid of L'vov platform, sample pyrolysis and palladium modifier using. We present the results of our investigation – the concentration of toxic éléments in blood and urine of children from high–Polluted district is above permitted level

The effect of nasal microbiota on the level of total immunoglobulin e in blood serum of children with bronchial asthma

Objective of the research: to study the relationship between the level of total IgE in serum and the nature of the nasal microbiota composition in children with bronchial asthma (BA). Materials and methods: 332 patients with BA were examined, mean age 10,34±0,4 years, 72% boys (239/332), the levels of total IgE and IgA, IgM, IgG in blood serum were determined, the composition of the nasal microbiota was studied by culture method. Results: 21,7% (72/332) of children had no St. aureus and St. epidermidis and other conditionally pathogenic flora in nasal microbiota; in 74,1% (246/332) of children S. aureus or St. epidermidis was revealed, in 40,7% (135/332) of them St. aureus was isolated; in 4,2% (14/332) another conditionally pathogenic microflora was found. The level of total IgE in blood serum in patients who had St. aureus in nasal microbiota was the highest and amounted to 218 [172,5; 264,3] IU/ml (p=0,002). Conclusion: St. aureus on the nasal mucosa of the upper respiratory tract in children with BA is accompanied by a higher level of total IgE in blood serum. © 2020, Pediatria Ltd.. All rights reserved