18 research outputs found
Energetics, forces, and quantized conductance in jellium modeled metallic nanowires
Energetics and quantized conductance in jellium modeled nanowires are
investigated using the local density functional based shell correction method,
extending our previous study of uniform in shape wires [C. Yannouleas and U.
Landman, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 5780 (1997)] to wires containing a variable
shaped constricted region. The energetics of the wire (sodium) as a function of
the length of the volume conserving, adiabatically shaped constriction leads to
formation of self selecting magic wire configurations. The variations in the
energy result in oscillations in the force required to elongate the wire and
are directly correlated with the stepwise variations of the conductance of the
nanowire in units of 2e^2/h. The oscillatory patterns in the energetics and
forces, and the correlated stepwise variation in the conductance are shown,
numerically and through a semiclassical analysis, to be dominated by the
quantized spectrum of the transverse states at the narrowmost part of the
constriction in the wire.Comment: Latex/Revtex, 11 pages with 5 Postscript figure
Superconducting phase-dependent force in SNS junctions with a movable scatterer
We calculate a quantum (Casimir-like) superconducting phase-dependent force acting on a movable scatterer
in a superconductor–normal metal–superconductor (SNS) junction. Repulsive Casimir forces are predicted for a
short SNS junction with nonequilibrium (inverse) populations of Andreev levels. In a long SNS junction an
anomalous (nonmonotonic) temperature behavior of quantum force is found
Giant magnetization of a superconductor–two-dimensional electron gas–superconductor structure
Superconductivity induced phase-controlled mesoscopic magnetic effects in a two-dimensional electron
gas that bridges two superconducting reservoirs are investigated. Giant paramagnetic response of the junction,
occuring at certain values of the phase difference of the order parameter, is predicted. A geometrically
similar system, consisting of a graphene ribbon stretched between two superconducting leads, is also considered.
The magnetic effects in this system are found to be small and the difference between the magnetic
properties of the two systems is discussed
Influence of electron-electron scattering on spin-polarized current states in magnetic wrapped nanowires
We study the role of electron-electron collisions in the formation of spin-polarized current states in a "spin guide" which is a system consisting of a non-magnetic conducting channel wrapped in the grounded nanoscale magnetic shell. It is shown that under certain conditions the spin guide may generate and transport over long distances the non-equilibrium electron density with a high level of spin polarization, even though the frequent electron-electron scattering leads to a common drift of non-equilibrium electrons. We also propose some ways to convert the spin-polarized electron density into a spin-polarized electric current
Chiral effects in normal and superconducting carbon nanotube-based nanostructures
The novel phenomenon of chiral tunneling in metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes is considered. It is induced by the interplay of electrostatic and pseudomagnetic effects in electron scattering in chiral nanotubes and is characterized by the oscillatory dependence of the electron transmission probability on nanotube chiral angle and the strength of the scattering potential. The appearance of a special (Aharonov–Bohm-like) phase in chiral tunneling affects various phase-coherent phenomena in nanostructures. We considered chiral effects in: (i) the persistent current in a circular nanotube, (ii) the Josephson current in a nanotube-based SNS junction, and (iii) resonant electron tunneling through a chiral nanotube-based quantum dot
Relaxation of high-energy quasiparticle distributions: electron-electron scattering in a two-dimensional electron gas
A theory is developed for the evolution of the non-equilibrium distribution
of quasiparticles when the scattering rate decreases due to particle
collisions. We propose a "modified one-collision approximation" which is most
effective for high-energy quasiparticle distributions. This method is used to
explain novel measurements of the non-monotonic energy dependence of the signal
of scattered electrons in a 2D system. The observed effect is related to a
crossover from the ballistic to the hydrodynamic regime of electron flow.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Thermo-electric effects in a Luttinger liquid
Thermoelectric effects in a Luttinger liquid (LL) wire
adiabatically connected to the leads of noninteracting electrons are considered. For a
multichannel LL a staircase-like behavior of the thermal conductance as a function of
chemical potential is found. A thermopower for a LL wire with an impurity is evaluated for
two cases: (i) LL constriction and (ii) infinite LL wire. We show that the thermopower is
described a Mott-like formula renormalized by an interaction-dependent factor. For an
infinite LL the renormalization factor decreases with increase of the interaction. However,
for a realistic situation, when a LL wire is connected to the leads of noninteracting
electrons (LL constriction), the repulsive electron-electron interaction enhances the
thermopower. A nonlinear Peltier effect in a LL is briefly discussed
Ballistic conductance in kane type semiconductor quantum wire
The energy spectrum, ballistic conductance of an electron
on the surface of a Kane type semiconductor hollow cylinder has been
calculated by using the Kane equation with an additional term that takes
into account the spin-orbit (SO) interaction. This term, known as Rashba
term, occurs for asymmetric quantum wells, where two directions on the
normal n are physically nonequivalent. If Rashba spin-orbital interaction is
incorporated into energy spectrum, it leads to the emergence of new extrema.
We obtained electron energy spectrum, which depends on the sign of the
effective spin orbital constant. The energy spectrum of electrons has two
branches when the magnetic field does not exist. One of these branches has
only one minimum while the other branch has one maximum around k =
0 and two minima. The external magnetic field can control these extrema
which occur in the event transport. The results were used to obtain the
ballistic conductance at finite temperature of the Kane type hollow
cylinder. It has been found that the presence of additional local extremum
points in the subband of the electronic spectrum leads to a nonmonotonic
dependence of the ballistic conductance of the system on the chemical
potential. The g-factor of electrons was observed to depend on Rashba
parameter in a linear manner. The effect of finite temperature smears out
the sharp steps in the zero-temperature conductance