Молекулярный анализ гена GID1 у Dasypyrum villosum и создание ДНК-маркера для его идентификации

Dasypyrum villosum is an annual cereal used as a donor of agronomic traits for wheat. Productivity is one of the most important traits that breeding is aimed at. It is a very complex trait, the formation of which is influenced by many different factors, both internal (the genotype of the plant) and external. The genes responsible for the gibberellin sensitivity played a large role in multiplying yields of cereal crops. Another such gene is the Gid1, which encodes a receptor for gibberellins. This article compares the DNA sequences of the Gid1 gene obtained from six Dasypyrum villosum samples. Using a sequence of wheat and rye taken from the GenBank database (NCBI), we selected primers for regions of different genomes (A, B, and D subgenomes of wheat and the R genome of rye), and carried out a polymerase chain reaction on D. villosum accessions of diverse geographical origin. The resulting PCR product was sequenced by an NGS method. Based on the assembled sequences, DNA markers have been created that make it possible to differentiate these genes of the V genome and homologous genes of wheat origin. Using monosomic addition, substitution, and translocation wheat lines, the localization of the Gid1 gene of D. villosum was established on the long arm of the first V chromosome. A phenotypic assessment of common wheat lines carrying substituted, translocated, or added D. villosum chromosomes in their karyotype was performed. Tendency of disappearance of the first chromosome of D. villosum in the lines with added chromosomes was revealed.Dasypyrum villosum (VV) - однолетний злак, зарекомендовавший себя в качестве донора хозяйственно-ценных признаков для пшеницы. Один из важнейших показателей, на который направлена селекция,- урожайность, являющаяся сложным, комплексным признаком. На его формирование влияет множество различных факторов. Большую роль в росте урожайности злаковых культур сыграли гены, регулирующие физиологический ответ растений на гиббереллины, одним из которых стал ген Gid1 , являющийся рецептором активных форм этих фитогормонов. Приведено сравнение частичных ДНК-последовательностей гена Gid1 , секвенированных у двух образцов Dasypyrum villosum . Используя последовательности пшеницы и ржи, взятые из базы данных GenBank (NCBI), подобрали праймеры на участки разных геномов (субгеномы А, В и D пшеницы и геном R ржи) и провели полимеразную цепную реакцию на образцах дазипирума мохнатого различного происхождения. Полученный ПЦР-продукт был секвенирован методом NGS. На основе секвенированных нуклеотидных последовательностей создан ДНК-маркер, позволяющий дифференцировать данные гены генома V и гомологичные гены пшеничного происхождения. С использованием моносомно-дополненных, замещенных и транслоцированных линий пшеницы впервые установлена локализация гена Gid1 на хромосомах Dasypyrum villosum . Показано расположение данного гена на длинном плече первой хромосомы генома V (1VL). Проведена фенотипическая оценка линий мягкой пшеницы, имеющих в своем кариотипе замещенные, транслоцированные или дополненные хромосомы Dasypyrum villosum

Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia

Prof. Paunio on PGC:n jäsenPrevious studies have shown an increased risk for mental health problems in children born to both younger and older parents compared to children of average-aged parents. We previously used a novel design to reveal a latent mechanism of genetic association between schizophrenia and age at first birth in women (AFB). Here, we use independent data from the UK Biobank (N = 38,892) to replicate the finding of an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women, and to estimate the genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in women stratified into younger and older groups. We find evidence for an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women (P-value = 1.12E-05), and we show genetic heterogeneity between younger and older AFB groups (P-value = 3.45E-03). The genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in the younger AFB group is -0.16 (SE = 0.04) while that between schizophrenia and AFB in the older AFB group is 0.14 (SE = 0.08). Our results suggest that early, and perhaps also late, age at first birth in women is associated with increased genetic risk for schizophrenia in the UK Biobank sample. These findings contribute new insights into factors contributing to the complex bio-social risk architecture underpinning the association between parental age and offspring mental health.Peer reviewe

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Highspin molecular magnetism of silicon surfaces

The dangling-bond concept of bare surfaces of covalent crystals is reconsidered in terms of molecular magnetism of highspin free radicals with the relevant spin multiplicity (SM) [(Nα - Nβ) + 1], where Nα - Nβ determines the number of unpaired electrons of the surface unit cell. The electronic structure of the (1 1 1)(7 × 7) and (0 0 1)(2 × 1) surfaces has been studied at different SMs. For both surfaces, highspin states are energetically favorable. Spin density distribution is discussed in view of particular magnetic behavior of the surfaces. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Nanomechanics of Electrorheological Suspensions with Polymer Dispersed Phase. Quantum-Mechanical Simulation

The microscopic structure and mechanical properties of electrorheological fluids in an electric field were investigated by means of quantum-mechanical computer simulation. Modified polyimides were considered as the solid-phase particles. The simulation was performed for electric fields of different intensity. The microscopic characteristics of shear deformation (shear modulus) of the electrorheological fluids were considered by varying the chemical structure of the dispersed phase, dielectric permittivity of a viscous medium, magnitude of the shear strain, and concentration of dielectric particles of the solid phase