Optical characteristics of aerosol trioxide dialuminum at the IR wavelength range

In this work, a numerical study of the transmission function, extinction coefficient, scattering coefficient, and absorption coefficient of the aerosol generated by the jet engine emissions was performed. Analyzing the calculation results of the IR optical characteristics of anthropogenic emissions containing the dialuminum trioxide was carried out. The spectral features of the optical characteristics of the medium caused by the average size, concentration and complex refractive index of the particles were illustrated. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

Asbestos and cancer: An overview of current trends in Europe.

This review assesses the contribution of occupational asbestos exposure to the occurrence of mesothelioma and lung cancer in Europe. Available information on national asbestos consumption, proportions of the population exposed, and exposure levels is summarized. Population-based studies from various European regions on occupational asbestos exposure, mesothelioma, and lung cancer are reviewed. Asbestos consumption in 1994 ranged, per capita, between 0. 004 kg in northern Europe and 2.4 kg in the former Soviet Union. Population surveys from northern Europe indicate that 15 to 30% of the male (and a few percent of the female) population has ever had occupational exposure to asbestos, mainly in construction (75% in Finland) or in shipyards. Studies on mesothelioma combining occupational history with biologic exposure indices indicate occupational asbestos exposure in 62 to 85% of the cases. Population attributable risks for lung cancer among males range between 2 and 50% for definite asbestos exposure. After exclusion of the most extreme values because of methodologic aspects, most of the remaining estimates are within the range of 10 to 20%. Estimates of women are lower. Extrapolation of the results to national figures would decrease the estimates. Norwegian estimates indicate that one-third of expected asbestos-related lung cancers might be avoided if former asbestos workers quit smoking. The combination of a current high asbestos consumption per capita, high exposure levels, and high underlying lung cancer rates in Central Europe and the former Soviet Union suggests that the lung cancers will arise from the smoking-asbestos interaction should be a major concern

The Role of Intrapleural Lymphotropic Blockades in the Incidence of Respiratory Complications after Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer

The development of respiratory complications in patients after surgical treatment of lung cancer remains a serious problem, far from being resolved today. Pain remains the main factor that leads to a decrease in respiratory function in the postoperative period.The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of intrapleural lymphotropic blockades on the incidence of respiratory complications in the postoperative period in patients undergoing surgical treatment of lung cancer.Materials and methods. 103 patients with operable forms of lung cancer, who underwent anatomical lung resection or pneumonectomy, were treated in the Oncology Department of the Tomsk Regional Oncology Center. The patients were divided in two groups. The first group included 52 patients, who were supplemented with intrapleural lymphotropic blockades. The second group consisted of 51 patients who received a standard multimodal scheme of analgesia in the postoperative period. In the postoperative period, we assessed severity of pain in patients, and the frequency and types of respiratory disorders.Results. The analysis of the results revealed a significant decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome the first 12 hours after surgery in the group of patients, who underwent lymphotropic blockade. The analysis of the frequency of respiratory disorders in the study groups also revealed significant reduction in the number of complications in patients in the group with lymphotropic blockade. Acute postoperative pain, that prevents full natural ventilation, plays one of the key roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory complications in patients after surgical treatment of lung cancer.Conclusion. The use of multimodal analgesia of intrapleural lymphotropic blockade in the complex allows to reduce the pain syndrome and provide psycho-emotional comfort of the patient in the early postoperative period, thereby reducing the risk of respiratory disorders

USE OF TITANIUM NIKELIDE IMPLANT AND FREE REVASCULARIZED FLAP FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF FENESTRATED TRACHEAL DEFECT (EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION)

Reconstruction of fenestrated tracheal defect using free revascularized flap combined with titanium nikelide implant has been developed. The experimental study was performed on 8 mongrels, on which defect or tracheostomy was created. The tracheal defect reconstruction was completed using free fasciocutaneous inguinal flap. Efficacy of the method was tested using clinical, radiological, macro- and microscopic examination. It is ascertained, that the technique permits to reconstruct fenestrated tracheal defect with minimal injury of donor zone, to simplify and shorten the operation

NEW TECHNOLOGIES iN RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF INJURIES AND CICATRICIAL STENOSES OF TRACHEA

The results of treatment of 9 patients with mechanical injury of trachea and of 22 patients with cicatricial stenoses of trachea are presented, in this article. 18 patients had. staged, reconstructive and plastic operations at the cicatricial stenosis, 2 patients had. endoscopic recanalization of tracheal lumen and. 2 patients had. sleeve resection of trachea with, anastomosis. An. original medical complex including argon-plasmatic, cryosurgical and. lymphotropic technologies. In all cases we managed, to recover respiratory tract integrity and. to provide adequate breath through, natural respiratory tract

Quantitative Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Herbal Medicinal Products by HPLC

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is involved in many vital biochemical processes in the human body. Rose hips are a natural source of ascorbic acid. Rose hips are used in decoctions and many vitamin herbal teas. Russian compendial methods for the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid have certain limitations precluding its objective measurement in herbal drugs, herbal drug preparations, and herbal medicinal products.The aim of the study was to develop an analytical procedure for the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in herbal drugs, herbal medicinal preparations, and herbal medicinal products using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Materials and methods. The study involved two herbal medicinal products, Rose Hips (rose hips) and Vitamin Herbal Tea 2 (rose hips and rowan fruits), and reference standards for ascorbic acid, rutoside, quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, citric acid, DL-malic acid, thiamine, and pyridoxine hydrochloride. The authors used a 1260 Infinity II chromatograph with a diode array detector by Agilent and an Inertsil ODS-3 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) by GL Sciences. The HPLC system was operated in gradient elution mode, and the detector was set at 244 nm.Results. Ascorbic acid content in herbal drugs, herbal medicinal preparations, and herbal medicinal products can be determined by HPLC. Adequate sample preparation and chromatography conditions allow for inhibiting ascorbic acid oxidation in aqueous solutions for a period sufficient to complete testing (not less than 8 h).Conclusions. The authors developed a highly sensitive and selective HPLC procedure for the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid intended for the standardisation of herbal drugs, herbal medicinal preparations, and herbal medicinal products. The procedure is worthy of inclusion in the Rose Hips and Vitamin Herbal Tea 2 monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Switching to HPLC should not require lowering the limit for ascorbic acid (not less than 0.2%) established in the Rose Hips and Vitamin Herbal Tea 2 monographs for the titration method. The ascorbic acid content was below this limit in the vast majority of study samples. However, this discrepancy may be explained by the presence of dog rose (Rosa canina) species low in vitamin C, which should normally be used only as choleretics

Reconstructive interventions in thoracic surgery using titanium nickelide implants

The original techniques of bronchus stump closure, modeling and disjunction of non-neoplastic tracheoesophageal fistula, replacement of postresectional defects of the trachea, pericardium, diaphragm and the thoracic wall using titanium nickelide implants have been developed and tested. It was ascertained that these methods were highly effective and simplified and standardized surgical procedures, provided anatomic and physiologic reconstruction of the injured area