Risk Factors for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Full-Term Neonates

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a clinically defined syndrome of disturbed neurological function in the earliest days of life in the term infants manifested by respiratory distress, subnormal level of consciousness, seizures and depression of tone and reflexes. The authors identified antepartum and intrapartum risk factors for HIE in full term newborns. Between January 1st, 2001 and December 31st, 2003, 54 term infants (gestational age >37 weeks) in NICU of the Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prof. Paraskev Stoyanov Medical University of Varna were retrospectively studied. All of them met the criteria for moderate or severe HIE (seizures, abnormal consciousness (stupor, coma), respiratory distress, difficulty feeding, abnormal tone and reflexes). Birth prevalence of moderate or severe neonatal HIE was 4,42% term live births. More important antepartum risk factors for HIE were infections, preeclampsia, bleeding in pregnancy, and postmaturity. HIE incidence in infants born after 42 weeks is by 2,5 fold higher. Significant intrapartum risk factors for HIE were intrapartum asphyxia (24% of cases with HIE - OR=6,91), operative vaginal delivery (OR=l,65) and emergency Caesarean section (OR=3,78). The study of the significant risk factors for HIE contributes to prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality

Q2237+0305 source structure and dimensions from light curves simulation

Assuming a two-component quasar structure model consisting of a central compact source and an extended outer feature, we produce microlensing simulations for a population of star-like objects in the lens galaxy. Such a model is a simplified version of that adopted to explain the brightness variations observed in Q0957 (Schild & Vakulik 2003). The microlensing light curves generated for a range of source parameters were compared to the light curves obtained in the framework of the OGLE program. With a large number of trials we built, in the domain of the source structure parameters, probability distributions to find "good" realizations of light curves. The values of the source parameters which provide the maximum of the joint probability distribution calculated for all the image components, have been accepted as estimates for the source structure parameters. The results favour the two-component model of the quasar brightness structure over a single compact central source model, and in general the simulations confirm the Schild-Vakulik model that previously described successfully the microlensing and other properties of Q0957. Adopting 3300 km/s for the transverse velocity of the source, the effective size of the central source was determined to be about 2x10^15 cm, and Epsilon =2 was obtained for the ratio of the integral luminosity of the outer feature to that of the central source.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, LaTe

Konus-Wind and Helicon-Coronas-F Observations of Solar Flares

Results of solar flare observations obtained in the Konus-Wind experiment from November, 1994 to December, 2013 and in the Helicon Coronas-F experiment during its operation from 2001 to 2005, are presented. For the periods indicated Konus-Wind detected in the trigger mode 834 solar flares, and Helicon-Coronas-F detected more than 300 solar flares. A description of the instruments and data processing techniques are given. As an example, the analysis of the spectral evolution of the flares SOL2012-11-08T02:19 (M 1.7) and SOL2002-03-10T01:34 (C5.1) is made with the Konus-Wind data and the flare SOL2003-10-26T06:11 (X1.2) is analyzed in the 2.223 MeV deuterium line with the Helicon-Coronas-F data.Comment: Published version. A list of the Konus-Wind solar flare triggers and figures of their time profiles are available at http://www.ioffe.ru/LEA/Solar

The second Konus-Wind catalog of short gamma-ray bursts

In this catalog, we present the results of a systematic study of 295 short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by Konus-Wind (KW) from 1994 to 2010. From the temporal and spectral analyses of the sample, we provide the burst durations, the spectral lags, the results of spectral fits with three model functions, the total energy fluences and the peak energy fluxes of the bursts. We discuss evidence found for an additional power-law spectral component and the presence of extended emission in a fraction of the KW short GRBs. Finally, we consider the results obtained in the context of the Type I (merger-origin) / Type II (collapsar-origin) classifications.Comment: Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (7 Figures, 8 Tables

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of Movalis in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To conduct a comparative cost minimization analysis (CMA) of Movalis with other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac, nimesulide, celecoxib and etoricoxib. Methodology: Was conducted search of publications from 1990 to 2014, devoted to randomized controlled clinical trials, a network meta-analysis and systematic reviews (level of evidence: AI) use of NSAIDs in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The model evaluates economical effectiveness of drugs and the comparison is based on the results of the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCT), network meta-analyzes and systematic reviews. Since the data RCCT, network meta-analyzes and systematic reviews have shown equal efficacy of NSAIDs, model is a particular drug and CMA consists of one line therapy, providing short-term economic evaluation and impact on the health of patients with OA and RA. Results: The results of used of NSAIDs CMA and treatment of complications in patients with OA and RA showed that the total cost of the Movalis (meloxicam) is lower than another drugs: Voltaren (diclofenac), Nimesil (nimesulide), Celebrex (celecoxib) and Arcoxia (etoricoxib). Costs saving for one patient is favor for Movalis in comparison with the Voltaren was 465 rubles (-8.55%), Celebrex - 1.255 rubles (-23.09%), Arcoxia - 1.274 rubles (-23.43%) for a 1 month of therapy. Sub-analysis of the Movalis compared with the Nimesil (nimesulide) for 15 days of therapy showed that the cost savings per patient is favor for meloxicam will be 1.504 rubles (-117.74%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed these findings: an increase in drug prices Movalis by 25% and reducing the price of the reference drugs by 25%, minimizing the cost figures do not go beyond the parameters of the Movalis that demonstrates the stability of the obtained data in the study

Color Effects Associated with the 1999 Microlensing Brightness Peaks in Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Q2237+0305

Photometry of the Q2237+0305gravitational lens in VRI spectral bands with the 1.5-m telescope of the high-altitude Maidanak observatory in 1995-2000 is presented. Monitoring of Q2237+0305 in July-October 2000, made at nearly daily basis, did not reveal rapid (night-to-night and intranight) variations of brightness of the components during this time period. Rather slow changes of magnitudes of the components were observed, such as 0.08 mag fading of B and C components and 0.05 mag brightening of D in R band during July 23 - October 7, 2000. By good luck three nights in 1999 were almost at the time of the strong brightness peak of image C, and approximately in the middle of the ascending slope of the image A brightness peak. The C component was the most blue one in the system in 1998 and 1999, having changed its (V-I) color from 0.56 mag to 0.12 mag since August 1997, while its brightness increased almost 1.2 mag during this time period. The A component behaved similarly between August 1998 and August 2000, having become 0.47 mag brighter in R, and at the same time, 0.15 mag bluer. A correlation between the color variations and variations of magnitudes of the components is demonstrated to be significant and reaches 0.75, with a regression line slope of 0.33. A color (V-I) vrs color (V-R) plot shows the components settled in a cluster, stretched along a line with a slope of 1.31. Both slopes are noticeably smaller than those expected if a standard galactic interstellar reddening law were responsible for the differences between the colors of images and their variations over time. We attribute the brightness and color changes to microlensing of the quasar's structure, which we conclude is more compact at shorter wavelengths, as predicted by most quasar models featuring an energizing central source.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX, submitted to A&

The influence of shift work on metabolic health

Recently, the world literature has been actively discussing the effect of circadian rhythm and sleep disturbances on human metabolic health. One of the most socially significant causes of circadian disorders is the shift work schedule. Shift work schedules began to occur more often due to the high demand for flexibility and labor productivity in modern society. Shift work is characteristic of medical personnel, law enforcement officials, rescue services, transport, the media and others. Shift workers make up about 17% of all workers in Europe. Globally, approximately 2.5 billion people work in shifts. Shift work was identified as an important professional risk. The connection between work with rotation of day and night shifts with overweight and obesity, with circadian rhythms and sleep disorders was proved. The review systematizes information regarding the role of the shift chart in the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, and considers mechanisms that mediate its effect on the regulation of energy balance