Study of Convergence and Divergence of EAEU Integration Processes Based on the Gini Index

Regionalization and participation at the integration associations represent a typical way of national economic development. To be inside an integration process allows member states to address better their socio-economic problems and political coordination. The stability and resilience of integration associations are critical to their success. In this optic the integration associations may be subjects convergence and divergence. These phenomena may be envisaged in the income inequality of the participating countries.Aim. To study the features and prospects of the socio-economic convergence within the EEU member states, the EEU strategic contour and within the main trends of integration processes in Eurasia.Task. The tasks are following. The first one is to study the sustainability of the EEU and within its strategic contours formed by agreements on free trade zones through the convergent and divergent trends assessment. The second task is to conduct a comparative analysis of Eurasian integration to the European Union and ASEAN development.Methods. Assess the level and dynamics of income inequality among the EEU states and samples of states with which the EEU has agreements on free trade zones, which are the CIS, Serbia, Vietnam, Iran and Singapore, as well as states with which such agreements are planned to be concluded in the near future. This list of the EEU’s prospect partners includes Egypt, Israel and India, based on the Gini index, using the European Union and ASEAN as reference parameters. Use calculations to interpret the processes of convergence and divergence of various types of integration processes.Results. The estimates showed, in general, a significant interpretive potential of the interstate Gini index. The study particular results demonstrated that the EEU has a level of convergence comparable to the level of the EU before the accession of a large array of states in 2004. The level of convergence of the CIS, estimated using the Gini index, is comparable to the current level of the European Union. It was also revealed that both in the EU and in the CIS, the reduction in inequality over the selected analysis interval does not have a clear prospect. Calculations also showed the convergence of states within the EEU and its strategic contours to be sensitive to external shocks, while the convergence of ASEAN states is more directed.Conclusions. The approach used by the authors to assess the convergence of integration processes based on the calculation of the interstate Gini index explains with sufficient completeness the reasons for the successful development of the EEU and its sustainability. At the same time, the use of the interstate Gini index for the analysis of convergence and divergence of integration processes made it possible to conclude that the integration models of the states of the Global North and the Global South are diverse

Formation of humanitarian competence of university students in the context of education globalization

© Serials Publications. The relevance of the paper is conditioned by the fact that the modern labor market, in a peremptory plan, puts forward for vocational educational system the non-standard tasks to train qualified specialists of high qualification focused on the world humanitarian values in solving any problems of a professional, personal, social nature capable of humanitarian measurement of their achievements. The purpose of the paper is to analyze, form and develop the humanitarian competence of university students as a factor that determines the spiritual core of the society and its integration. The authors consider comprehensively humanitarian competence as an integrative cultural-humanitarian personal formation, including cognitive, emotional-valuable, communicative and activity-related components. Authors identified principles, trends, and technologies as system characteristics of humanitarian training of students in the context of globalization of education; proved the effectiveness of their use in the process of forming the humanitarian competence of student youth. The paper is intended for educators and psychologists dealing with problems of researching the students' personal potential, including their humanitarian competence

Galectin-9 influences the Tim-3 molecule expression in natural killer different subpopulations

Galectin-9 is a b-galactoside binding lectin with expressed immunoregulatory activity. During pregnancy galectin-9 is produced by trophoblast cells and regulates the function of natural killer (NK) cells at the maternal-fetal interface via binding to Tim-3 (T-cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein 3) molecules. Natural killer (NK) lymphocytes belong to the innate lymphoid cells, which have a cytotoxic effect on target cells and are capable of producing a large number of regulatory factors (cytokines, chemokines). Decidual NK have a tolerant phenotype and play a leading role in the regulation of invasive trophoblast growth and provide peripheral immune tolerance in the area of uteroplacental contact. Peripheral NK cells express Tim-3 molecules. Galectin-9 concentration is increased in peripheral blood during physiologic pregnancy. At pregnancy phenotype and functions of peripheral NK cells are changed to maintain the maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Peripheral NK cells migrate to the maternal-fetal interface and are transformed into a decidual NK-like phenotype cells. Galectin-9 concentration is decreased in women with a  complicated  pregnancy and miscarriage. However the galectin-9 effects on different NK cell subpopulations of peripheral blood are not investigated. Therefore, we studied the galectin-9 influence on phenotype transformation and Tim-3 expression of NK cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy non-pregnant fertile women. CD56+NK cells were obtained by immunomagnetic separation and cultivated in vitro during 72 hours with cytokines (IL-2 and IL-15). Galectin-9 (5 ng/mL) and anti-Tim-3 (10 mg) antibodies were added to the NK cultures. Galectin-9 concentration is corresponded to its level during first trimester of physiologic pregnancy. The number of regulatory NK (CD16-CD56bright), cytotoxic NK (CD16+CD56dim/-) cells and Tim-3 expression on different NK subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry. It was found that Tim-3 was expressed on all subpopulations of peripheral blood NK cells (CD16-CD56brightNK, CD16+CD56dimNK, CD16+CD56-NK). Incubation with galectin-9 increased the expression of Tim-3 on regulatory CD16-CD56brightNK cells and did not change on cytotoxic CD16+CD56dim/-NK cells. Galectin-9 reduced the percentage of cytotoxic CD16+CD56dimNK in culture, but did not influence the number of regulatory CD16-CD56bright NK and cytotoxic CD16+CD56-NK cells. Thus, galectin-9 regulates Tim-3 molecule expression and NK cell subpopulation distributions in vitro culture

A RESPONSE OF THE "RESERVOIR-WELL" SYSTEM TO DISTANT EARTHQUAKES

The results of joint processing of hydrogeological and seismic data obtained at the Large-Scale Research Facilities "Mid-Latitude Geophysical Observation Complex "Mikhnevo" for a 12-year observation period are presented in the article. Responses of the "reservoir-well" system to the passage of seismic waves from distant earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.3-9.0, recorded at the epicentral distances from 1863 to 16507 km, have been identified in the database. Maximum values of groundwater level variations and ground velocity under seismic impact have been determined. The power-law dependence of the levels amplitudes of confined and weakly confined aquifers on the maximum vertical ground velocity has been established. A spectral analysis of 6-hour intervals (3 hours before and 3 hours after earthquakes) of seismic and hydrogeological data was performed. The frequencies corresponding to the maximum values of ground velocity and groundwater level variations were determined in the normalized spectra. The intervals within which the extremes of the hydrogeological responses are traced at background values of the ground velocity are identified in the low-frequency range. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the "reservoir-well" systems differ under seismic impacts at epicentral distances up to 4901 km. The responses of the systems to earthquakes at epicentral distances of 11024-14026 km are similar

BIOCIDAL POLYAMPHOLYTES WITH GUANIDINIUM AND CARBOXY GROUPS

This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (research project No. 23-23-00073). Analytical, spectroscopic, and biological studies were carried out using the equipment of the Core Facilities Center "Research of materials and matter" at the PFRC UB RAS

Metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis: role of adiponectin (preliminary results)

The clinical value of the disorders and diseases integrated within the metabolic syndrome (MS) is in the combination of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which significantly accelerates the development of cardiovascular events (CVEs). The detection rate for MS in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is shown to be higher than in the controls regardless of the diagnostic criteria for MS. At present, there are confusing data on the role of adipokins in RA. Objective: to determine the rate of MS and its components in RA patients and the association of the level of adipokin (adiponectin) with the components of MS in relation to the duration of RA. Subjects and methods: The investigation enrolled 69 RA patients divided into two groups: 1) 34 patients with early-stage (<2-year) RA and 2) 35 patients with end-stage (>2-year) RA. Results. MS occurred in 12 (17.4%) of the 69 patients with RA. There was central (abdominal) obesity in 37 (53.6%) patients with RA, hypertension in 29 (42%), low high-density cholesterol levels in 20 (29%), hyperglycemia in 11 (15.9%), and hypertriglyceridemia in 10 (14.5%). According to the presence or absence of MS, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 12 patients with MS; 2) 57 without MS. In the patients with RA and MS, the duration of the disease was shorter; DAS28 and CDAI were higher than in those without MS: 15.4 [7; 24] months versus 51.8 [6; 72] months; DAS28 was 5.8 [4.9; 6.7] scores versus 5.1 [4.5; 5.8] scores; CDAI: 34.8 [21.8; 41.4] scores versus 24.2 [18; 31] scores, respectively (p < 0.05 in all cases). The serum level of adiponectin was lower: 13.1 [5.7; 10.7] ng/ml versus 20.6 [6.9; 30.9] ng/ml in the patients with RA and MS as compared to those without MS; but there were no significant differences. In the patients with early-end RA, the rate of MS was twice higher than that in those with end-stage RA; however, the differences were statistically insignificant (p = 0.1). The components of MS were encountered with the same frequency in early- and end-stage RA. The early RA group showed a correlation between SDAI (r = -0.34), body mass index (r = -0.41), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.33), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r =-0.35), and adiponectin. The >2-year RA group displayed no relationship between adipokins, activity markers, and metabolic disturbances. Conclusion. The preliminary results suggest the high rate of MS in patients with a high level of early RA disease activity untreated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, thus determining the high risk of CVEs just at disease onset. The role of adiponectin in the development of MS, CVEs in rheumatic diseases remains to be solved, which is the subject of further investigations. It is possible that normalization of adiponectin concentrations may promote reductions in the incidence of CVD, mortality rates due to atherosclerosis-induced CVEs, and the prevalence of MS and insulin resistance

РАСЧЕТ РАЗМЕРОВ ЧАСТИЦ ГИДРОЗОЛЯ ДИОКСИДА ТИТАНА

One of the problems facing chemists who are involved in obtaining disperse systems with micro- and nanoscale particles of the disperse phase is a size evaluation of the obtained particles. Formation of hydrated sol is one of the stages for obtaining nanopowders while using sol-gel-method. We have obtained titanium dioxide hydrosol while using titanium tetrachloride hydrolysis in the presence of organic solvent with the purpose to get titanium dioxide powder It has been necessary to evaluate size of titanium dioxide hydrosol particles because particle dimensions of disperse hydrosol phase are directly interrelated with the obtained powder dispersiveness.Size calculation of titanium dioxide hydrosol particles of disperse phase has been executed in accordance with the Rayleigh equation and it has been shown that calculation results correspond to experimental data of atomic force microscopy and X-ray crystal analysis of the powder obtained from hydrosol.In order to calculate particle size in the disperse system it is possible to use the Rayleigh equation if the particle size is not more than 1/10 of wave length of impinging light or the Heller equation for the system including particles with diameter less than wave length of the impinging light but which is more than 1/10 of its value. Titaniun dioxide hydrosol has been obtained and an index of the wave ration has been calculated in the Heller equation. The obtained value has testified about high dispersiveness of the system and possibility to use the Rayleigh equation for calculation of the particle size in the disperse phase. Calculation of disperse-phase particle size of titanium dioxide hydrosol has corresponded to experimental data of the atomic force microscopy and X-ray crystal analysis for the powder obtained from the system.Одной из задач, стоящих перед химиками, получающими дисперсные системы с микро- и наноразмерными частицами дисперсной фазы, является оценка размеров получаемых частиц. Образование гидратированного золя - одна из стадий получения нанопорошков золь-гель-методом. Гидролизом тетрахлорида титана в присутствии органического растворителя получен порошок диоксида титана. Так как размеры частиц дисперсной фазы гидрозоля непосредственно связаны с дисперсностью получаемого из него порошка, было необходимо оценить размеры частиц гидрозоля диоксида титана.Произведен расчет размеров частиц дисперсной фазы гидрозоля диоксида титана по уравнению Рэлея. Показано соответствие результатов расчета с экспериментальными данными атомно-силовой микроскопии и рентгеноструктурного анализа порошка, полученного из гидрозоля.Для расчета размеров частиц в дисперсной системе может быть использовано уравнение Рэлея, если размеры частиц не более 1/10 длины волны падающего света, или уравнение Геллера для системы, включающей частицы, диаметр которых меньше длины волны падающего света, но больше 1/10 ее величины. Получен гидрозоль диоксида титана и на основании турбидиметрических измерений рассчитан показатель степени длины волны в уравнении Геллера Полученное значение свидетельствовало о высокой дисперсности системы и возможности использования уравнения Рэлея для расчета размеров частиц дисперсной фазы. Расчет размеров частиц дисперсной фазы гидрозоля диоксида титана соответствовал экспериментальным данным атомно-силовой микроскопии и рентгеноструктурного анализа для порошка, полученного из этой системы

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ЦЕНТРАЛИЗОВАННОГО КОНТРОЛЯ МНО В КУЗБАССЕ

Purpose. Warfarin, an indirect anticoagulant, is commonly prescribed to patients who are at high risk for thrombotic complications. The achieved target hypocoagulation range allows to prevent thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. Centralized international normalized ratio (INR) control increases the time in therapeutic range, improves quality control, reduces the rate of hospitalizations for bleeding and thromboembolism, suggesting its economic efficiency and allows to recommend this method of INR control for practical use. The current article presents the rationale for implementing centralized IRN control in the Kuzbass region in order to improve the efficiency and safety of ACT.Цель. Обосновать целесообразность внедрения системы централизованного контроля международного нормализованного отношения (МНО) в Кузбасском регионе. Анализ литературных данных свидетельствует, что централизованный контроль МНО увеличивает время нахождения в терапевтическом диапазоне, улучшает качество контроля, уменьшает частоту госпитализаций по причине кровотечений и тромбоэмболий.Выводы. Организация антикоагулянтных кабинетов является экономически эффективной альтернативой лабораторного контроля МНО и может быть рекомендована для внедрения в практическое здравоохранение

Формирование опорно-двигательной культи глазного яблока с помощью тканеинженерной конструкции из никелида титана и аутологичных мононуклеарных лейкоцитов крови

Objective: to study the morphological features of formation of the eyeball orbital stump using a titanium nickelide  tissue-engineered construct and a suspension of autologous blood mononuclear leukocytes in vivo. Materials  and methods. Experiments were performed on 54 sexually mature Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g. The animals   were divided into 3 groups, depending on type of surgical intervention: group 1 (n = 18) consisted of animals in  which eyeball orbital stump was formed after evisceroenucleation through implantation of a titanium nickelide  tissue-engineered construct and a suspension of autologous blood mononuclear leukocytes in the scleral sac; group  2 (n = 18) – the eyeball orbital stump was formed through implantation of titanium nickelide tissue-engineered  construct in the scleral sac; group 3 (n = 18) – orbital stump was formed using an Alloplant implant. Results.  It was established that in group 1 rats, on day 7 following surgery, the specific volume of connective tissue was  7.9 times (рU = 0.048) higher than in group 2 rats and 15.8 times (рU = 0.039) higher than in group 3 rats. On  day 14 after surgery, the volume of connective tissue in the eyeball orbital stump of group 1 rats reached the highest  value compared to that in the other groups. The numerical density of newly formed vessels in the eyeball orbital  stump of group 1 rats, starting from day 14 after surgery up to the end of experiment (day 21), was statistically  significantly higher than that in the other groups. Moreover, on day 21, this indicator was 4.0 times (рU = 0.001)  higher in group 1 rats than in group 2 rats and 9.8 times (рU = 0,0003) higher than in group 3 rats. Conclusion.  Implantation of titanium nickelide tissue-engineered construct and a suspension of autologous blood mononuclear  leukocytes into the scleral sac after evisceroenucleation in an in vivo experiment leads to accelerated maturation  of the connective tissue and intensive vascularization in the eyeball orbital stump. This ensures strong fixation of  the implant and reduces risk of rejection.Цель: в эксперименте in vivo изучить морфологические особенности формирования опорно-двигательной культи глазного яблока с помощью тканеинженерной конструкции из никелида титана и суспензии аутологичных мононуклеарных лейкоцитов крови. Материалы и методы. Выполнена серия экспериментов на 54 половозрелых крысах породы Wistar весом 200–250 г, которые в зависимости от вида оперативного вмешательства были разделены на 3 группы: 1-я группа (n = 18) – животным после эвисцероэнуклеации формировали опорно-двигательную культю глазного яблока путем имплантации в склеральный мешок тканеинженерной конструкции из никелид титана и суспензии аутологичных мононуклеарных лейкоцитов крови; 2-я группа (n = 18) – опорно-двигательную культю глаза формировали путем имплантации никелида титана в склеральный мешок; 3-я группа (n = 18) – опорно-двигательную культю формировали с помощью имплантата из биоматериала «Аллоплант». Результаты. Установлено, что у животных 1-й группы на 7-е сутки после операции удельный объем соединительной ткани был в 7,9 раза (рU = 0,048) выше, чем у животных 2-й группы и в 15,8 раза (рU = 0,039) выше, чем у животных 3-й группы. На 14-е сутки после операции объем соединительной ткани в опорно-двигательной культе глазного яблока у крыс 1-й группы достигал наибольшего значения по сравнению с таковым у крыс остальных групп. Численная плотность новообразованных сосудов в опорно-двигательной культе глазного яблока у крыс 1-й группы, начиная с 14-х суток после операции и до завершения эксперимента (21-е сутки), статистически значимо превышала таковую у животных остальных групп. При этом на 21-е сутки у крыс 1-й группы данный показатель в 4,0 раза (рU = 0,001) был выше, чем у животных 2-й группы, и в 9,8 раза (рU = 0,0003) выше, чем у животных 3-й группы. Заключение. Имплантация тканеинженерной конструкции из никелида титана и суспензии аутологичных мононуклеарных лейкоцитов крови в склеральный мешок после эвисцероэнуклеации в эксперименте in vivo сопровождается ускоренным созреванием соединительной ткани и интенсивной васкуляризацией в опорно-двигательной культе глазного яблока, что обеспечивает прочную фиксацию имплантата и снижает риск его отторжения

Future of the universe in modified gravitational theories: Approaching to the finite-time future singularity

We investigate the future evolution of the dark energy universe in modified gravities including $F(R)$ gravity, string-inspired scalar-Gauss-Bonnet and modified Gauss-Bonnet ones, and ideal fluid with the inhomogeneous equation of state (EoS). Modified Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) dynamics for all these theories may be presented in universal form by using the effective ideal fluid with an inhomogeneous EoS without specifying its explicit form. We construct several examples of the modified gravity which produces accelerating cosmologies ending at the finite-time future singularity of all four known types by applying the reconstruction program. Some scenarios to resolve the finite-time future singularity are presented. Among these scenarios, the most natural one is related with additional modification of the gravitational action in the early universe. In addition, late-time cosmology in the non-minimal Maxwell-Einstein theory is considered. We investigate the forms of the non-minimal gravitational coupling which generates the finite-time future singularities and the general conditions for this coupling in order that the finite-time future singularities cannot emerge. Furthermore, it is shown that the non-minimal gravitational coupling can remove the finite-time future singularities or make the singularity stronger (or weaker) in modified gravity.Comment: 25 pages, no figure, title changed, accepted in JCA