Heat Treatment Condition Influence on Novokuibyshevsk Vacuum Residue Component Composition

The article presents the information about thermal degradation of Novokuibyshevsk vacuum residue and change of products composition during this process. The optimal conditions for the thermal destruction of vacuum residue components were established. The regularities of material balance composition change, Sgeneral were determined depending on cracking conditions. The basic directions of resin-asphaltene component transformations were identified, changes in their structural-group parameters in the process of initiated cracking were analyzed. Conducting of Novokuibyshevsk vacuum residue thermolysis leads to deep resins-asphaltenes average molecules structure characteristic changes. Developed alkyl and naphthenic moieties, which are presented in initial molecule, undergo degradation, amount of structural blocks in resins and asphaltenes molecules reduces, their average size decreases. Also the reduction in total content of the rings (saturated and aromatic) was established in average structural unit, at the same time decrease of rings substitution and length of the aliphatic fragments can be observed. In general the process of vacuum residue thermal cracking causes partial degradation of saturated (aliphatic and naphthenic) fragments and, partially, aromatic rings, which contain heteroatomic elements

Mathematical Modelling of Diesel Fuel Hydrodesulfurization Kinetics

The experimental data for hydrogenation of sulfur compounds including benzothiophenes (BT) and dibenzothiophenes (DBT) in the diesel fuel with 1.4 mass% of sulfur content is obtained using the laboratory setup with the aluminum-cobalt-molybdenum catalyst GKD-202 at the pressure of 3.5 MPa and different temperatures. The sulfur compound removal factor reaches 98 mass%. Dynamics of DBT and BT concentrations allowed designing a kinetic model represented by the system of differential equations of individual sulfur compound rates. The kinetic model was included in the developed software. The basis of the algorithm for reverse kinetic problem solution is the method of scanning through predefined range of constants. This enables performing the calculation with an error not exceeding 0.007%. The obtained data confirmed that chemical activity increases in the order: DBT, BT, sulfides. The rate of desulfurization decreases with increase in alkyl substituents concentrations. DBT desulfurization is much worse than the one of BT. The calculated data allowed building the graphs representing BT and DBT concentration dynamics

Changing the composition of the group hydrocarbons of diesel fractions in the process of hydrotreating

Change in group composition of sulfur compounds and structural group composition of the diesel fractions in the course of hydrotreating is presented in the paper. The removal degree of sulfur compounds is shown to comprise 95.8% rel. The homologs of benzothiophenes are removed for 93.9% rel., ones of the dibenzothiophenes are for 90.7% rel. A considerable change in group composition of diesel fraction is established in the course of hydrotreating. Hydrogenation degree of aromatic hydrocarbons is 24.4% wt., the amount of saturated hydrocarbons has increased by 20.4% wt

Mathematical modeling of diesel fuel hydrotreating

Hydrotreating of the diesel fraction with the high initial sulfur content of 1,4 mass% is carried out in the flow-through laboratory setup with the industrial GKD-202 catalyst at various process temperature. On the basis of the experimental data the regularities of the hydrogenation reactions are revealed, and the formalized scheme of sulfur-containing components (sulfides, benzothiophenes, and dibenzothiophenes) transformations is made. The mathematical model of hydrotreating process is developed, the constant values for the reaction rate of hydrodesulfurization of the specified components are calculated

Composition of Initiated Cracking Products of High-sulfur Natural Bitumen

The analysis of the cracking products of bitumen Karmalskoye deposits (the content of fractions boiling up to 200 °C 6,7% wt.) has been performed. The influence of power plant coal ash microspheres on orientation of cracking bitumen components is stated. Bitumen cracking leads to significant yields of gas and coke for more than 20% wt. and destructions of all components. The initiated bitumen cracking in the presence of 10% microspheres at cracking temperature 450 °C leads to reduction of gas and coke yields and increase in fractions of ibp (initial boiling point) –360 °C at 10% wt. in comparison with products of the thermal bitumen cracking. The analysis of composition and amount of sulfur compounds in initial bitumen and the cracking products in the various conditions has shown that the thermal cracking leads to increased homologues benzothiophene contents due to partial destruction of resins, and to decrease in the content of homologues dibenzothiophene

Composition of Pre-ozonated High-Sulfur Natural Bitumen Cracking Products

The results analysis of fractional and material composition of the cracking products of Ashalchinskoye and Karmalskoye bitumen deposits was presented in this work. The effect of bitumen ozone-oxygen mixture pretreatment followed by cracking on thermolysis processes was investigated. It was shown that molecules of resins and asphaltenes containing large amounts of aliphatic fragments in its structure readily undergo thermal decomposition to form additional distillate fractions. Low content of aliphatic fragments leads to aromatization of the naphthenic cycles in the molecule of resins and asphaltenes, the thermal degradation reactions proceed in high yields of gas and coke

Synthetic Liquid Fuels Obtained by Thermolysis of Animal Waste

Modern methods of recycling organic waste are not considered viable today. Therefore, an important advantage of the proposed technology is to obtain mineral fuel products as an output. The technologies of high-temperature processing are based on thermal decomposition of waste without oxygen at high temperature. In pyrolysis, wastes are converted into gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. Thereby, the properties and composition of the liquid feedstock obtained by pyrolysis with a boiling temperature in the range of X.I. (38) - 180 °C, 180 - 320 °C and more than 320 °C were investigated. Residue with a boiling temperature over 320° C (52.4% vol.) is the main portion of the synthetic liquid fuels (SLF). It can be attributed to fuel oil grade 100 and used as boiler fuel or fuel oil additives according to the studied physicochemical parameters

ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL DATA FROM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING TO DETECT ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR OF SYSTEM LOCAL SEGMENTS

We propose a method of information security monitoring for a wireless network segments of low-power devices, "smart house", "Internet of Things". We have carried out the analysis of characteristics of systems based on wireless technologies, resulting from passive surveillance and active polling of devices that make up the network infrastructure. We have considered a number of external signs of unauthorized access to a wireless network by the potential information security malefactor. The model for analysis of information security conditions is based on the identity, quantity, frequency, and time characteristics. Due to the main features of devices providing network infrastructure, estimation of information security state is directed to the analysis of the system normal operation, rather than the search for signatures and anomalies during performance of various kinds of information attacks. An experiment is disclosed that provides obtaining statistical information on the remote wireless devices, where the accumulation of data for decision-making is done by comparing the statistical information service messages from end nodes in passive and active modes. We present experiment results of the information influence on a typical system. The proposed approach to the analysis of network infrastructure statistical data based on naive Bayesian classifier can be used to determine the state of information security

Identification of executable files on the basis of statistical criteria

The paper considers methods of identification of executable signatures using statistical criteria. Identification here should be understood as a process of file recognition by establishing its coincidence with a particular program. New ways to creation of executable file signatures are considered. A new approach to identification of elf-files based on the Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria is offered. Restrictions and conditions of using these criteria are considered. The proposed method can be used to audit data-storage medium

Interdisciplinary Case Management in the Organization of Social Work for the Prevention of Family Dysfunction in Single-Parent Families

The article talks about the features of a single-parent family. It is indicated that prevention in single-parent families helps at an early stage to detect an unfavorable situation, understand it and provide the family with specific targeted support, in the context of which interdisciplinary case management takes a special place. The features of interdisciplinary case management, tasks, structural elements are outlined. Issues relevant for single-parent families and ways of their prevention are considered.В статье говорится об особенностях монородительской семьи. Указывается, что профилактика в монородительских семьях помогает на ранней стадии обнаружить неблагополучную ситуацию, разобраться в ней и оказать семье конкретную адресную поддержку, в контексте которой особое место занимает междисциплинарное ведения случая. Обозначены особенности междисциплинарного ведение случая, задачи, структурные элементы Рассмотрены актуальные для монородительских семей проблемы и пути их профилактики