Inertial parameters and superfluid-to-normal phase transition in superdeformed bands

The quasiclassically exact solution for the second inertial parameter $\cal B$ is found in self-consistent way. It is shown that superdeformation and nonuniform pairing arising from the rotation induced pair density significantly reduce this inertial parameter. The different limiting cases for $\cal B$, which allow to study an interplay between rapid rotation, pairing correlations, and mean field deformation, are considered. The new signature for the transition from pairing to normal phase is suggested in terms of the variation of ${\cal B}/{\cal A}$ versus spin. Experimental data indicate the existence of such transition in the three superdeformed mass regions.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, 3 figure

Experience in the treatment of spinal tumors complicated by compression of the spinal cord and its roots

Objective: Improvement of the results of treatment of vertebral tumors with neural compression by means of analyzing the authors’ experience.Material and methods: The study included 151 patients with primary and metastatic vertebral tumors, operated in the neurosurgical departments of three large medical institutions from 01.01.2014 to 31.12.2020.Results: Most of the patients underwent palliative interventions. Radical surgery (marginal or wide resection of the tumor) was performed in 8 (5%) patients. Surgical treatment as the only method of treatment was used in 75 (50%) cases, combined treatment was used in 42 (28%) people, complex treatment – in 34 (22%). The immediate results of treatment of 91% of patients were characterized by the absence of negative dynamics in the neurological status and in 50% of cases by positive dynamics in the functional state. Among patients with malignant tumors and a traced catamnesis, the one-year survival rate was 66%, three-year – 52%, five-year – 47%. The median overall survival rate was 12.8 months, the median event-free survival rate was 12.55 months.Conclusion: The use of non-radical interventions in the surgery of vertebral tumors with neural compression expands the possibilities of minimizing surgical trauma, while maintaining the neurological and improving the functional status of the patient

«ОКНА», ОДНОВРЕМЕННЫЕ НА ОБОИХ ПУТЯХ

The efficacy of maintenance of track and structures at the railway sections with intensive freight traffic can be augmented by rational redistribution of repair works. Favorable conditions can be achieved particularly by according simultaneous both track occupation at double-track rail sections. The authors describe practices of track maintenance at Kuibyshevskaya railway – a subsidiary to JSC Russian Railways as compared to international expertise.Some railways, for instance in People’s Republic of China, widely practice such 3-hours track occupations, thus allowing to do all necessary works, e. g. to replace singular rails, sleepers, elements of switches, to proceed with straightening and aligning of the track etc.The authors have analyzed possibility to provide such track occupations at the network of Kuibyshevskaya railway. They have made a conclusion that there is a possibility to provide them all along the main track from Rybnoe to Chelyabinsk for 2–3 hours. In 85% of cases there is a possibility to provide them during day-time, and in 15% cases – during night-time.Повышение эффективности участковой системы текущего содержания на грузонапряжённых направлениях предполагается за счёт рационального перераспределения объёмов работ. Одна из наиболее благоприятных возможностей для бригад, ведущих планово- предупредительные операции – получение совмещённого «окна» одновременно на обоих путях, где намечено производство работ. Анализ практики путейцев на Куйбышевской железной дороге в контексте международного опыта

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРЕДОТВРАЩАЕТ УГРОЗУ

The authors describe methodology of reliability management, risk management, life-cycle costs within the railways. The article also deals with repair planning, based on the reliability, risk level and intensity of failures of the elements of the permanent way.Методология управления надежностью, рисками, стоимостью жизненного цикла на железнодорожном транспорте и ее производные. В частности, планирование ремонтов на объектах путевого хозяйства по показателям надежности, уровням риска и интенсивности потока отказов элементов верхнего строения пути

Superfluid to normal phase transition and extreme regularity of superdeformed bands

We derive the exact semiclassical expression for the second inertial parameter $\cal B$ for the superfluid and normal phases. Interpolation between these limiting values shows that the function ${\cal B}(I)$ changes sign at the spin $I_c$, which is critical for a rotational spectrum. The quantity $\cal B$ turns out to be a sensitive measure of the change in static pairing correlations. The superfluid-to-normal transition reveals itself in the specific variation of the ratio ${\cal B}/{\cal A}$ versus spin $I$ with the plateau characteristic of the normal phase. We find this dependence to be universal for normal deformed and superdeformed bands. The long plateau with a small value ${\cal B}/{\cal A}\sim A^{-8/3}$ explains the extreme regularity of superdeformed bands.Comment: 30 pages in LaTeX, 6 figures (PostScript). To be published in Yadernaya Fizika (Physics of Atomic Nuclei), special edition dedecated to the 90th birthday of Prof. I. I. Gurevit

Climate change adaptation in European river basins

This paper contains an assessment and standardized comparative analysis of the current water management regimes in four case-studies in three European river basins: the Hungarian part of the Upper Tisza, the Ukrainian part of the Upper Tisza (also called Zacarpathian Tisza), Alentejo Region (including the Alqueva Reservoir) in the Lower Guadiana in Portugal, and Rivierenland in the Netherlands. The analysis comprises several regime elements considered to be important in adaptive and integrated water management: agency, awareness raising and education, type of governance and cooperation structures, information management and—exchange, policy development and—implementation, risk management, and finances and cost recovery. This comparative analysis has an explorative character intended to identify general patterns in adaptive and integrated water management and to determine its role in coping with the impacts of climate change on floods and droughts. The results show that there is a strong interdependence of the elements within a water management regime, and as such this interdependence is a stabilizing factor in current management regimes. For example, this research provides evidence that a lack of joint/participative knowledge is an important obstacle for cooperation, or vice versa. We argue that there is a two-way relationship between information management and collaboration. Moreover, this research suggests that bottom-up governance is not a straightforward solution to water management problems in large-scale, complex, multiple-use systems, such as river basins. Instead, all the regimes being analyzed are in a process of finding a balance between bottom-up and top–down governance. Finally, this research shows that in a basin where one type of extreme is dominant—like droughts in the Alentejo (Portugal) and floods in Rivierenland (Netherlands)—the potential impacts of other extremes are somehow ignored or not perceived with the urgency they might deserv

An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Variation of 4f Hybridization Across the La1-xCexIn3 Series

Crystal structures of a series of La1-xCexIn3 (x = 0.02, 0.2, 0.5, or 0.8) intermetallic compounds have been investigated by both neutron and X-ray diffraction, and their physical properties have been characterized by magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements. Our results emphasize atypical atomic displacement parameters (ADP) for the In and the rare-earth sites. Depending on the x value, the In ADP presents either an "ellipsoidal" elongation (La-rich compounds) or a "butterfly-like" distortion (Ce-rich compounds). These deformations have been understood by theoretical techniques based on the band theory and are the result of hybridization between conduction electrons and 4f-electrons.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Эндоскопическое удаление травматических внутримозговых гематом в остром периоде

ABSTRACT Nowadays surgical treatment of patients with traumatic intracranial hematoma (TICH) and injuries of the brain is a very actual problem in neurosurgery.The purpose of this work was to assess of the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive endoscopic removal of TICH.MATERIAL AND METHODS In the period of 2010–2019, 2734 operations were performed on patients with traumatic brain injury in the Sklifosovsky Research Institute. There were 334 patients with TICH and the CC/BC foci, that made 12.2% of all patients. The median of hematoma volume, that did not cause a loss of consciousness was 48 cm2, and in most of the patients the hematoma volume ranged 30–35 cm2. Local fibrinolysis of TICH was performed in 14 patients with the hematoma volume of 30–50 cm2 without brain dislocation and not causing the consciousness depression more severe than sopor.Endoscopic removal of TICH was performed in 4 men at mean age of 54.8 years within 18–36 hours after trauma. Three patients had depression of consciousness to obtundation (14 by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GCS)), and one patient was in clear consciousness. The volume of the dense part of the contusion foci in the pole-basal regions of the frontal and temporal lobes was 24–40 cm3.RESULTS Among patients with TICH operated on by using the traditional technique, postoperative lethality was 13%, good outcomes were seen in 41%, and 46% had neurological disorders of varying severity. While treating the patients with TICH by using the local fibrinolysis method, 1 patient died after surgery, a good outcome was seen in 8 of 14 patients, and neurological disorders persisted in 3 patients in the postoperative period.Radicality of surgery in patients operated on by using endoscopic technique averaged 76% ranging from 41% to 91%. There were no complications during surgery nor in post-operative period. Patients were discharged from hospital after 8-21 days.ВВЕДЕНИЕ Хирургическое лечение больных с травматическими внутримозговыми гематомами (ТВМГ) и ушибами головного мозга (УГМ) при помощи современных технологий и мини-инвазивной хирургии является актуальной проблемой нейрохирургии.ЦЕЛЬ Уточнение возможности и безопасности мини-инвазивного эндоскопического удаления ТВМГ.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В период 2010–2019 годов в НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского проведено хирургическое лечение 2734 пострадавшим с черепно-мозговой травмой. Пациентов с ТВМГ и очагами УГМ было 334, что составило 12,2% от всех оперированных. Медиана объема гематомы, при котором у пациентов не было нарушено сознание, составила 48 см3, и у большинства пострадавших объем гематомы находился в пределах 30–50 см3. Локальный фибринолиз ТВМГ был проведен у 14 пострадавших с объемом повреждения от 30 до 50 см3, не вызывающим грубой дислокации головного мозга, а клинически не сопровождающимся угнетением сознания глубже сопора.Эндоскопическое удаление ТВМГ было выполнено у 4 пострадавших — мужчин, средний возраст 54,8 года, в срок 18–36 часов после травмы. У 3 пациентов было угнетение сознания до оглушения (14 баллов по шкале комы Глазго (GCS)), а у одного больного сознание было ясным. Объем плотной части очагов ушиба в полюсно-базальных отделах лобных и височных долей составлял 24–40 см3.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Среди пациентов с ТВМГ, оперированных традиционным способом, послеоперационная летальность составила 13%, хорошие исходы были у 41%, а у 46% были неврологические расстройства различной степени выраженности. При лечении больных с ТВМГ методом локального фибринолиза после операции умер 1 больной, хороший исход был у 8 пациентов из 14, а у 3 пациентов в послеоперационном периоде сохранялись неврологические нарушения.Радикальность операций у пострадавших, оперированных эндоскопическим методом, составила в среднем 76% (варьировала от 41 до 91%). Осложнений во время операций и в послеоперационном периоде не было. Пациенты выписаны в сроки от 8 до 21 суток

“Interactive Technology Assessment” and Beyond: the Field Trial of Genetically Modified Grapevines at INRA-Colmar

International audienc

Spectral Distortions of the CMB as a Probe of Inflation, Recombination, Structure Formation and Particle Physics

Following the pioneering observations with COBE in the early 1990s, studies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have focused on temperature and polarization anisotropies. CMB spectral distortions - tiny departures of the CMB energy spectrum from that of a perfect blackbody - provide a second, independent probe of fundamental physics, with a reach deep into the primordial Universe. The theoretical foundation of spectral distortions has seen major advances in recent years, which highlight the immense potential of this emerging field. Spectral distortions probe a fundamental property of the Universe - its thermal history - thereby providing additional insight into processes within the cosmological standard model (CSM) as well as new physics beyond. Spectral distortions are an important tool for understanding inflation and the nature of dark matter. They shed new light on the physics of recombination and reionization, both prominent stages in the evolution of our Universe, and furnish critical information on baryonic feedback processes, in addition to probing primordial correlation functions at scales inaccessible to other tracers. In principle the range of signals is vast: many orders of magnitude of discovery space could be explored by detailed observations of the CMB energy spectrum. Several CSM signals are predicted and provide clear experimental targets, some of which are already observable with present-day technology. Confirmation of these signals would extend the reach of the CSM by orders of magnitude in physical scale as the Universe evolves from the initial stages to its present form. The absence of these signals would pose a huge theoretical challenge, immediately pointing to new physics.Comment: Astro2020 Science White Paper, 5 pages text, 13 pages in total, 3 Figures, minor update to reference